Algorithm Development
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The document discusses algorithm development and provides examples of writing algorithms. It defines an algorithm as a sequence of steps to solve a problem using a computer. It notes algorithms should break problems into simple steps, number steps sequentially, and be written in simple English. Examples provided include algorithms to calculate a student's grade, convert between units of length, find the roots of a quadratic equation, find the largest of two or three numbers, and calculate an employee's bonus based on overtime worked and absences.
![Write an algorithm that reads three numbers and prints the value of
the largest number.
Step 1: Input N1, N2, N3
Step 2: if (N1>N2) then
if (N1>N3) then
MAX N1 [N1>N2, N1>N3]
else
MAX N3 [N3>N1>N2]
endif
else
if (N2>N3) then
MAX N2 [N2>N1, N2>N3]
else
MAX N3 [N3>N2>N1]
endif
endif
Step 3: Print “The largest number is”, MAX](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecture2ofc-190324165058/85/Algorithm-Development-16-320.jpg)
Algorithm Development
- 2. • Algorithm is the sequence of steps to be performed in order to solve a problem by the computer.
- 3. Properties of Algorithm • The given problem should be broken down into simple and meaningful steps. • The step should be numbered sequentially. • The steps should be descriptive and written in simple English.
- 4. Advantages of Algorithms • Reduce Complexity by dividing the program into simple and meaningful parts. • Increase Flexibility Algorithm is written so that the code may be written in any language. • Ease of Understanding No need to understand a particular programming language to understand an algorithm.
- 5. How to write? • Pseudocode is an artificial and informal language that helps programmers to develop algorithms. – Pseudocode is very similar to everyday English. • Two Steps to write an algorithm:- – First produce a general algorithm (one can use pseudocode) – Refine the algorithm successively to get step by step detailed algorithm that is very close to a computer language.
- 6. • Example 1: Write an algorithm to determine a student’s final grade and indicate whether it is passing or failing. The final grade is calculated as the average of four marks.
- 7. Example Pseudocode: • Input a set of 4 marks • Calculate their average by summing and dividing by 4 • if average is below 50 Print “FAIL” else Print “PASS”
- 8. • Detailed Algorithm • Step 1: Input M1,M2,M3,M4 Step 2: GRADE (M1+M2+M3+M4)/4 Step 3: if (GRADE < 50) then Print “FAIL” else Print “PASS” endif
- 9. • Write an algorithm to convert the length in feet to centimeter.
- 10. Pseudocode: • Input the length in feet (Lft) • Calculate the length in cm (Lcm) by multiplying LFT with 30 • Print length in cm (LCM)
- 11. Algorithm • Step 1: Input Lft • Step 2: Lcm Lft x 30 • Step 3: Print Lcm
- 12. • Write an algorithm that will calculate the roots of a quadratic equation • Hint: d = sqrt ( ), and the roots are: x1 = (–b + d)/2a and x2 = (–b – d)/2a 2 4b ac
- 13. Pseudocode: • Input the coefficients (a, b, c) of the quadratic equation • Calculate d • Calculate x1 • Calculate x2 • Print x1 and x2
- 14. Algorithm: • Step 1: Input a, b, c • Step 2: d sqrt ( ) • Step 3: x1 (–b + d) / (2 x a) • Step 4: x2 (–b – d) / (2 x a) • Step 5: Print x1, x2 4b b a c
- 15. Write an algorithm that reads two values, determines the largest value and prints the largest value with an identifying message. ALGORITHM Step 1: Input VALUE1, VALUE2 Step 2: if (VALUE1 > VALUE2) then MAX VALUE1 else MAX VALUE2 endif Step 3: Print “The largest value is”, MAX
- 16. Write an algorithm that reads three numbers and prints the value of the largest number. Step 1: Input N1, N2, N3 Step 2: if (N1>N2) then if (N1>N3) then MAX N1 [N1>N2, N1>N3] else MAX N3 [N3>N1>N2] endif else if (N2>N3) then MAX N2 [N2>N1, N2>N3] else MAX N3 [N3>N2>N1] endif endif Step 3: Print “The largest number is”, MAX
- 17. Example Bonus Schedule OVERTIME – (2/3)*ABSENT Bonus Paid >40 hours >30 but 40 hours >20 but 30 hours >10 but 20 hours 10 hours $50 $40 $30 $20 $10
- 18. • Step 1: Input NAME,OVERTIME,ABSENT • Step 2: if (OVERTIME–(2/3)*ABSENT > 40) then • PAYMENT 50 • else if (OVERTIME–(2/3)*ABSENT > 30) then • PAYMENT 40 • else if (OVERTIME–(2/3)*ABSENT > 20) then • PAYMENT 30 • else if (OVERTIME–(2/3)*ABSENT > 10) then • PAYMENT 20 • else • PAYMENT 10 • endif • Step 3: Print “Bonus for”, NAME “is $”, PAYMENT