Algorithms and how to write an algorithms
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The document provides information about Ahmed Nobi and Abdelrahman Ashraf, including their contact details, skills, and experience. Ahmed Nobi has over one year of experience as an Android developer and three years of experience as a programming instructor. Abdelrahman Ashraf's skills and brief background are also mentioned. The document then provides an introduction to algorithms, including definitions, how to write an algorithm through obtaining a problem description, analyzing the problem, developing a high-level algorithm, refining with details, and reviewing. Examples of writing algorithms for moving a Jeroo and summing two numbers are included. Decision making with "if" statements and repeating tasks with loops are also covered.
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Algorithms and how to write an algorithms
- 1. P.S: It is always said any important presentation should start with black background. I don’t know why but we do as it is said Presented By: Ahmed Nobi ;
- 2. Ahmed nobi - Android developer with one year experience - Android Developer at Cleodev software House. - programming instructor with three year experience in Luxor and Aswan. - working on online course (programming school) - former chair IEEE Aswan SB - Ex Vice Student representative IEEE Egypt Section contact me: LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/ahmed-nobi Facebook: www.facebook.com/Ahmed.Nobi.Eltwins mail: [email protected] Co –instructor: Abdelrahman Ashraf knowledge Visual basic , c++ , fortran , html , Photoshop, Adobe premier Skills Problem solving , video editor . contact me: Facebook: www.facebook.com/abdul.rhman.3720 Brief about me
- 3. You ask now how to start to code ?! Before coding, we should start with algorithms. What is the algorithms?!
- 4. Algorithms • An algorithm is a set of instructions designed to perform a specific task The algorithm may include instructions for how to: • start • accept information • display information • transformations • how to select decisions • how to repeat sub-tasks • when to terminate
- 5. How can I write an algorithm ? • The development of an algorithm (a plan) is a key step in solving a problem. Once we have an algorithm, we can translate it into a computer program in some programming language. Our algorithm development process consists of five major steps. • Step 1: Obtain a description of the problem. • Step 2: Analyze the problem. • Step 3: Develop a high-level algorithm. • Step 4: Refine the algorithm by adding more detail. • Step 5: Review the algorithm.
- 6. A scope in details 1- Obtain a description of the problem. This step is much more difficult than it appears. In the following discussion, the word client refers to someone who wants to find a solution to a problem, and the word developer refers to someone who finds a way to solve the problem.The developer must create an algorithm that will solve the client's problem. 2- Analyze the problem. The purpose of this step is to determine both the starting and ending points for solving the problem When determining the starting point, we should start by seeking answers to the following questions: -What data are available? -Where is that data? -What formulas pertain to the problem? -What rules exist for working with the data? -What relationships exist among the data values?
- 7. When determining the ending point, we need to describe the characteristics of a solution. In other words, how will we know when we're done? Asking the following questions often helps to determine the ending point. -What new facts will we have? - what items will have changed? -What changes will have been made to those items? -What things will no longer exist? 3- Develop a high-level algorithm. An algorithm is a plan for solving a problem, but plans come in several levels of detail. It's usually better to start with a high-level algorithm that includes the major part of a solution, but leaves the details until later. 4- Refine the algorithm by adding more detail. A high-level algorithm shows the major steps that need to be followed to solve a problem. Now we need to add details to these steps, but how much detail should we add? Unfortunately, the answer to this question depends on the situation. 5- Review the algorithm. The final step is to review the algorithm
- 8. Let us do an activity 1. A Jeroo starts at (0, 0) facing East with no flowers in its pouch.There is a flower at location (3, 0).Write a program that directs the Jeroo to pick the flower and plant it at location (3, 2). After planting the flower, the Jeroo should hop one space East and stop.There are no other nets, flowers, or Jeroos on the island.
- 9. Analysis of the Problem (Step 2) 1.The flower is exactly three spaces ahead of the jeroo. 2.The flower is to be planted exactly two spaces South of its current location. 3.The Jeroo is to finish facing East one space East of the planted flower. 4.There are no nets to worry about. High-level Algorithm (Step 3) Let's name the Jeroo Bobby. Bobby should do the following: Get the flower Put the flower Hop East Detailed Algorithm (Step 4) Let's name the Jeroo Bobby. Bobby should do the following: Get the flower Hop 3 times Pick the flower Put the flower Turn right Hop 2 times Plant a flower Hop East Turn left Hop once Review the Algorithm (Step 5) 1.The high-level algorithm partitioned the problem into three rather easy sub problems. This seems like a good technique. 2.This algorithm solves a very specific problem because the Jeroo and the flower are in very specific locations. 3.This algorithm is actually a solution to a slightly more general problem in which the Jeroo starts anywhere, 4.and the flower is 3 spaces directly ahead of the Jeroo.
- 10. 2- Write an algorithm of summing two numbers. Get the values from user and display the result - Analyze the problem (step 2) 1- Sum two numbers 2-there are no values to sum 3- giving summation’s value High level algorithm (step 3) 1- define the variables 2- determine the expression 3- get numerical values to sum 4- get the final value 5- display the value Detailed algorithm(step 4) 1- Define 3 variables 2 variables to sum and one for final result: x, y and z respectively 2- determine the expression z = x+ y 3- get numerical values to sum Read from user 2 numerical values 4- Get the final value z = x+ y 5- display theValue Display z Review the algorithm (step 5) compensate by value in the expression
- 11. The per. solution is an ideal which we can use in the huge problems (program) so we can simplify to that one: Another solution: 1. define 3 variables x, y and z. 2. Determine the expression : z = x + y 3. Read x and y 4. Carrying out the expression 5. Display z More Simple • Define x, y,z • Read | input x,y • Z= x+y • Display z • end
- 12. start accept information display information transformations how to select decisions how to repeat sub-tasks when to terminate What is next ? So how to take Decision in Algorithms Per example Z= x+y
- 13. how to select decisions So if you need to take decision, you must use “if “ So if you need to design an algorithm that tell you the given number is positive or negative After we analyze the problem Solution : Start Define x ; Read x If (x>0) Display “positive” Else Display “Negative” end
- 14. how to select decisions So if you need to take decision, you must use “if “ Design an algorithm that determine if the given number is odd or even After we analyze the problem Solution : Start Define x ; Read x If (x mod 2 == 0) Display “even” Else Display “odd” end
- 15. start accept information display information transformations how to select decisions how to repeat sub-tasks when to terminate What is next ? Per examples Positive or negative Even or odd Per example Z= x+y How to repeat ? we use loops
- 16. how to repeat sub-tasks So if you need to repeat, we use loops Design an algorithm that help you to write your little brother to do his homework.The homework is to write the “the lion” lesson 10 times After we analyze the problem Solution : Start Define I,hw ; Read hw For( I = 1 : 10 ) Display hw end
- 17. ……It is not the end
- 18. 1. write an algorithm of multiplying two number . 2. Write an algorithm to calculate the area of circle 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟2 . 3. Write an algorithm of program that display “hello world ” when user types a positive number, and display “bye world ” when user types a negative number. 4. Write an algorithm to print numbers between 0 to 10 5. Write an algorithm to calculate the factorial of any given number x!. 6. Write a program that display the number of digits of number . Ex 321 , consists of 3 digits 7. Write an algorithm that calculate the sum of digits. Example 123 = 6 Let ‘s practice more with new ideas
- 19. Where we can type our code ? • We edit our code on editor. IDE (integrated development environment /compiler • CodeBlocks
- 20. Next session, we ‘re going to edit our first code