An Introduction to Tinkerpop
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The document provides examples of using the TinkerGraph graph database and Gremlin traversal language. It shows how to: 1) Create a TinkerGraph, add vertices and edges, and get basic graph information and elements. 2) Perform common traversals in Gremlin such as getting vertex neighbors, paths, filtering, transforming properties, and looping through connections. 3) Demonstrate more complex multi-step traversals using pipes and filters, conditional branching, and other Gremlin steps and predicates.
![public void testIteratingGraph() {
Graph graph = TinkerGraphFactory.createTinkerGraph();
System.out.println("Vertices of " + graph);
for (Vertex vertex : graph.getVertices()) {
System.out.println(vertex);
}
System.out.println("Edges of " + graph);
for (Edge edge : graph.getEdges()) {
System.out.println(edge);
}
Vertices of tinkergraph[vertices:6 edges:6]
}
v[3]
v[2]
...
Edges of tinkergraph[vertices:6 edges:6]
e[10][4-created->5]
e[7][1-knows->2]
...](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/graphdb1-111007211535-phpapp02/85/An-Introduction-to-Tinkerpop-11-320.jpg)
![{
"a" : 1,
http://localhost:8182/graphs/toygraph/toy-
"b" : {
traversal?
"a" : "marko",
a=1&b.a=marko&b.b=true&b.c.a=peter&c=[mark "b" : true,
o,povel] "c" : {
"a" : "peter"
}
}
"c" : ["marko","povel"]
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/graphdb1-111007211535-phpapp02/85/An-Introduction-to-Tinkerpop-15-320.jpg)
![curl -sX GET "http://aHost:8182/graphs/neo4jsample/indices/vertices?key=ID&value=52"
{
"version": "0.4-SNAPSHOT",
"results": [
{
"_id": 149,
"_type": "vertex",
"Name": "King",
"Type": "Card",
"ID": "52"
}
],
"totalSize": 1,
"queryTime": 3.876749
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/graphdb1-111007211535-phpapp02/85/An-Introduction-to-Tinkerpop-16-320.jpg)
![gremlin> g = TinkerGraphFactory.createTinkerGraph()
==>tinkergraph[vertices:6 edges:6]
gremlin> v = g.v(1)
==>v[1]
gremlin> v.outE
==>e[7][1-knows->2]
==>e[9][1-created->3]
==>e[8][1-knows->4]
gremlin> v.outE.inV
==>v[2]
==>v[3]
==>v[4]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/graphdb1-111007211535-phpapp02/85/An-Introduction-to-Tinkerpop-22-320.jpg)
![# vertex jump
gremlin> v.outE.inV.outE.inV
==>v[5]
==>v[3]
# shortcut
gremlin> v.out.out
==>v[5]
==>v[3]
# using filter
gremlin> v.outE.filter{it.label=='knows'}.inV.filter{it.age >
30}.name
==>josh
# backtracking and an in-line regular expression
gremlin> v.out('knows').filter{it.age >
21}.name.filter{it.matches('jo.{2}|JO.{2}')}.back(3).age
==>32](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/graphdb1-111007211535-phpapp02/85/An-Introduction-to-Tinkerpop-23-320.jpg)
![# return path
gremlin> g.v(1).outE.inV.name.paths
==>[v[1], e[7][1-knows->2], v[2], vadas]
==>[v[1], e[9][1-created->3], v[3], lop]
==>[v[1], e[8][1-knows->4], v[4], josh]
gremlin> g.v(1).outE.inV.paths{it.name}{it.weight}{it.name}
==>[marko, 0.5, vadas]
==>[marko, 0.4, lop]
==>[marko, 1.0, josh]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/graphdb1-111007211535-phpapp02/85/An-Introduction-to-Tinkerpop-24-320.jpg)
![# loop
gremlin> g.v(89).outE.inV.paths
==>[v[89], e[7021][89-followed_by->83], v[83]]
==>[v[89], e[7022][89-followed_by->21], v[21]]
==>[v[89], e[7006][89-followed_by->127], v[127]]
...
gremlin> g.v(89).outE.inV.loop(2){it.loops < 3}.paths
==>[v[89], e[7021][89-followed_by->83], v[83], e[1411][83-followed_by->13],
v[13]]
==>[v[89], e[7021][89-followed_by->83], v[83], e[1410][83-followed_by->12],
v[12]]
==>[v[89], e[7021][89-followed_by->83], v[83], e[1415][83-followed_by->114],
v[114]]
==>[v[89], e[7021][89-followed_by->83], v[83], e[1414][83-followed_by->15],
v[15]]
...
gremlin> g.v(89).outE.inV.loop(2){it.loops < 3} == g.v(89).outE.inV.outE.inV
==>true](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/graphdb1-111007211535-phpapp02/85/An-Introduction-to-Tinkerpop-25-320.jpg)
![gremlin> g.v(1).out.name gremlin>
==>vadas g.v(1).out.name.paths
==>lop ==>[v[1], v[2], vadas]
==>josh ==>[v[1], v[3], lop]
==>[v[1], v[4], josh]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/graphdb1-111007211535-phpapp02/85/An-Introduction-to-Tinkerpop-29-320.jpg)
![gremlin> g.v(1).out('knows')
==>v[2]
==>v[4]
gremlin> g.v(1).out('knows').filter{it.age < 30}
==>v[2]
gremlin> g.v(1).out('knows').filter{it.age < 30}.name
==>vadas
gremlin> g.v(1).out('knows').filter{it.age <
30}.name.transform{it.length()}
==>5](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/graphdb1-111007211535-phpapp02/85/An-Introduction-to-Tinkerpop-30-320.jpg)
![gremlin> g.v(1).out('knows')
==>v[2]
==>v[4]
gremlin> g.v(1).out('knows').filter{it.age < 30}
==>v[2]
gremlin> g.v(1).out('knows').filter{it.age < 30}.name
==>vadas
gremlin> g.v(1).out('knows').filter{it.age <
30}.name.transform{it.length()}
==>5](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/graphdb1-111007211535-phpapp02/85/An-Introduction-to-Tinkerpop-31-320.jpg)
![gremlin> g.v(1).out('knows').name
==>vadas
==>josh
gremlin> g.v(1).out('knows').name.filter{it[0]=='v'}
==>vadas
gremlin>
g.v(1).out('knows').name.filter{it[0]=='v'}.back(2)
==>v[2]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/graphdb1-111007211535-phpapp02/85/An-Introduction-to-Tinkerpop-33-320.jpg)
![gremlin>
g.v(1).out('knows').name.filter{it[0]=='v'}.back(2)
==
g.v(1).out('knows').as('here').name.filter{it[0]=='v'}.back('here')](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/graphdb1-111007211535-phpapp02/85/An-Introduction-to-Tinkerpop-34-320.jpg)
![gremlin> g.v(1).out.loop(1){it.loops < 3}
==>v[5]
==>v[3]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/graphdb1-111007211535-phpapp02/85/An-Introduction-to-Tinkerpop-35-320.jpg)
An Introduction to Tinkerpop
- 10. // An Exapmle of TinkerGraph Graph graph = new TinkerGraph(); Vertex a = graph.addVertex(null); Vertex b = graph.addVertex(null); a.setProperty("name", "marko"); b.setProperty("name", "peter"); Edge e = graph.addEdge(null, a, b, "knows"); // marko--knows-->peter
- 11. public void testIteratingGraph() { Graph graph = TinkerGraphFactory.createTinkerGraph(); System.out.println("Vertices of " + graph); for (Vertex vertex : graph.getVertices()) { System.out.println(vertex); } System.out.println("Edges of " + graph); for (Edge edge : graph.getEdges()) { System.out.println(edge); } Vertices of tinkergraph[vertices:6 edges:6] } v[3] v[2] ... Edges of tinkergraph[vertices:6 edges:6] e[10][4-created->5] e[7][1-knows->2] ...
- 15. { "a" : 1, http://localhost:8182/graphs/toygraph/toy- "b" : { traversal? "a" : "marko", a=1&b.a=marko&b.b=true&b.c.a=peter&c=[mark "b" : true, o,povel] "c" : { "a" : "peter" } } "c" : ["marko","povel"] }
- 16. curl -sX GET "http://aHost:8182/graphs/neo4jsample/indices/vertices?key=ID&value=52" { "version": "0.4-SNAPSHOT", "results": [ { "_id": 149, "_type": "vertex", "Name": "King", "Type": "Card", "ID": "52" } ], "totalSize": 1, "queryTime": 3.876749 }
- 18. ~$ gremlin ,,,/ (o o) -----oOOo-(_)-oOOo----- gremlin>
- 22. gremlin> g = TinkerGraphFactory.createTinkerGraph() ==>tinkergraph[vertices:6 edges:6] gremlin> v = g.v(1) ==>v[1] gremlin> v.outE ==>e[7][1-knows->2] ==>e[9][1-created->3] ==>e[8][1-knows->4] gremlin> v.outE.inV ==>v[2] ==>v[3] ==>v[4]
- 23. # vertex jump gremlin> v.outE.inV.outE.inV ==>v[5] ==>v[3] # shortcut gremlin> v.out.out ==>v[5] ==>v[3] # using filter gremlin> v.outE.filter{it.label=='knows'}.inV.filter{it.age > 30}.name ==>josh # backtracking and an in-line regular expression gremlin> v.out('knows').filter{it.age > 21}.name.filter{it.matches('jo.{2}|JO.{2}')}.back(3).age ==>32
- 24. # return path gremlin> g.v(1).outE.inV.name.paths ==>[v[1], e[7][1-knows->2], v[2], vadas] ==>[v[1], e[9][1-created->3], v[3], lop] ==>[v[1], e[8][1-knows->4], v[4], josh] gremlin> g.v(1).outE.inV.paths{it.name}{it.weight}{it.name} ==>[marko, 0.5, vadas] ==>[marko, 0.4, lop] ==>[marko, 1.0, josh]
- 25. # loop gremlin> g.v(89).outE.inV.paths ==>[v[89], e[7021][89-followed_by->83], v[83]] ==>[v[89], e[7022][89-followed_by->21], v[21]] ==>[v[89], e[7006][89-followed_by->127], v[127]] ... gremlin> g.v(89).outE.inV.loop(2){it.loops < 3}.paths ==>[v[89], e[7021][89-followed_by->83], v[83], e[1411][83-followed_by->13], v[13]] ==>[v[89], e[7021][89-followed_by->83], v[83], e[1410][83-followed_by->12], v[12]] ==>[v[89], e[7021][89-followed_by->83], v[83], e[1415][83-followed_by->114], v[114]] ==>[v[89], e[7021][89-followed_by->83], v[83], e[1414][83-followed_by->15], v[15]] ... gremlin> g.v(89).outE.inV.loop(2){it.loops < 3} == g.v(89).outE.inV.outE.inV ==>true
- 29. gremlin> g.v(1).out.name gremlin> ==>vadas g.v(1).out.name.paths ==>lop ==>[v[1], v[2], vadas] ==>josh ==>[v[1], v[3], lop] ==>[v[1], v[4], josh]
- 30. gremlin> g.v(1).out('knows') ==>v[2] ==>v[4] gremlin> g.v(1).out('knows').filter{it.age < 30} ==>v[2] gremlin> g.v(1).out('knows').filter{it.age < 30}.name ==>vadas gremlin> g.v(1).out('knows').filter{it.age < 30}.name.transform{it.length()} ==>5
- 31. gremlin> g.v(1).out('knows') ==>v[2] ==>v[4] gremlin> g.v(1).out('knows').filter{it.age < 30} ==>v[2] gremlin> g.v(1).out('knows').filter{it.age < 30}.name ==>vadas gremlin> g.v(1).out('knows').filter{it.age < 30}.name.transform{it.length()} ==>5
- 32. gremlin> g.v(1).out('knows').ifThenElse{it.age < 30} {it.name}{it.out('created').name} ==>vadas ==>ripple ==>lop
- 35. gremlin> g.v(1).out.loop(1){it.loops < 3} ==>v[5] ==>v[3]