An Understanding And Perspectives of END TO END ENCRYPTION (4).pdf
- 1. An Understanding And Perspectives of END TO END ENCRYPTION Presented by Kailasshaji S7 cse B 1
- 2. End-to-end encryption is a security measure that ensures the confidentiality and integrity of data transmitted between two or more parties It involves encrypting the data at the sender's end and decrypting it at the receiver's end, making it unreadable to any intermediaries or unauthorized entities who may try to intercept or access the data during transmission. End to End Encryption 2
- 3. PROCESS OF END TO END ENCRYPTION Encryption: The data is encrypted using a cryptographic algorithm at the sender's device before it is transmitted. This encryption converts the data into an unreadable format, known as ciphertext. Transmission: The encrypted data is then transmitted over a network, such as the internet, to the intended recipient. During this transmission, the data remains encrypted and cannot be understood by anyone who intercepts it. Decryption: Upon reaching the recipient's device, the encrypted data is decrypted using a corresponding decryption key. This process converts the ciphertext back into its original readable format, known as plaintext Key Management: To ensure secure communication, end-to-end encryption requires the use of encryption keys. These keys are generated and securely exchanged between the sender and recipient. Only the authorized parties possess the necessary keys to encrypt and decrypt the data. Security Assurance: End-to-end encryption provides a high level of security by ensuring that the data remains encrypted throughout the entire transmission process. It protects against eavesdropping, data tampering, and unauthorized access by third parties. 3
- 4. Cryptographic Algorithms Advance Encryption Standard (AES} Blow fish Data Encryption Standard (DES) Hybrid (AES - RSA) Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) 4
- 5. CRYPTOGRAPHY Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques used to secure communication and data from unauthorized access or modification. It involves the use of mathematical algorithms and principles to convert plain text into an unreadable format, known as ciphertext, and vice versa. The main objectives of cryptography are confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation. 5
- 6. 01 Encryption is the process of converting plaintext (readable data) into ciphertext (unreadable data) using an algorithm and a secret key. This ensures that even if the ciphertext is intercepted, it cannot be understood without the corresponding decryption key. 02 Decryption is the reverse process of encryption. It involves converting ciphertext back into plaintext using the correct decryption key. Only authorized parties with the correct key can decrypt the ciphertext and access the original data. Decryption 03 Symmetric cryptography, also known as secret-key cryptography, uses the same key for both encryption and decryption. The sender and receiver must share the secret key securely before communication can take place. Symmetric Cryptography 04 Asymmetric cryptography, also known as public-key cryptography, uses a pair of mathematically related keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. The public key can be freely shared, while the private key must be kept secret. This allows for secure communication without the need to exchange secret keys beforehand. Asymmetric Cryptography 05 Hash functions are cryptographic algorithms that take an input (message) and produce a fixed-size output called a hash value or digest. Hash functions are used to verify the integrity of data, as even a small change in the input will result in a completely different hash value. Hash Functions 06 Cryptography relies on secure key management practices to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of data. This includes generating strong keys, securely distributing and storing them, and regularly updating them to maintain security. Key Management Encryption 6
- 7. SYMMETRIC ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM In symmetric Encryption Algorithm a single encryption key is used in the encryption and decryption process The Encryption Key is conveyed to the sender and the recepient before the encryption /decription process So the Encryption key is vital and its strength is configent on its length 7
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- 9. EXAMPLES OF SYMMETRIC ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM RC2 RC5 Advance Encryption Standard Blowfish Data Encription Standard (DES) Hyrid (AES-RSA) Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) 9
- 10. The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a symmetric-key block cipher DES operates on fixed-size blocks of data, and each block is 64 bits long. The key length in DES is 56 bits DES was considered secure for many years, but due to advances in computing power, it is now vulnerable to brute-force attacks Data Encryption Standard (DES) 10
- 11. 64-bit plaintext Initial permutation Round 1 Round 2 Round 16 Final permutation 64-bit ciphertext K₁ 48-bit K₂ 48-bit K16 48-bit Round-key generator DES -56-bit cipher key Structure of Data Encryption Standard 11
- 12. Initial key is passed through a permutation function Round key is produces for 15 round of operation by Permutation is same for all rounds but different key the combination of left circular shift and permutation produced because of the repeated shifts of key bit 12
- 13. Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) This is a process in through which data is encrypted using 56 bit two keys Its process follows EDE model , which says data must be sequentially encrypted twice and decrypted once. It encrypts using one encryption key, then decrypts using a different encryption key, and finally encrypts using same encryption key For encryption, EDE uses only 168-bit out of 192-bits keys 13
- 14. Advances Encryption Standard (AES) AES was established as a federal standard by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001 AES is a symmetric-key algorithm AES supports key lengths of 128, 192, and 256 bits. The security strength of AES is directly related to the key length, and longer keys provide higher security. AES uses a substitution-permutation network (SPN) structure. The decryption process for AES is the inverse of the encryption process. AES is widely considered secure and has withstood extensive cryptanalysis. Its security is based on the choice of key length 14
- 15. No of Rounds Key size (in bits) 10 128 12 192 14 256 Advanced Encryption Standard Structure 15
- 16. AES-128 AES-192 AES-256 Key Size 128 192 256 Plaintext Size 128 128 128 Number of rounds 10 12 14 Round Key Size 128 128 128 Advanced Encryption Standard Parameters 16
- 17. Blowfish Blowfish is a symmetric-key block cipher algorithm that was designed by Bruce Schneier in 1993 It is widely used for encryption and decryption of data. Blowfish operates on 64-bit blocks and supports key sizes ranging from 32 bits to 448 bits. It is known for its simplicity, speed, and security 17
- 18. Assymetric algorithm In asymmetric encryption algorithms, two types of keys called Private keys and Public Keys, are utilized. The recipient’s public key is used to produce a ciphertext from the plaintext.. Then the ciphertext can only be decrypts using the recipient’s private key The private key is known by the authorized person only. But the public key is stored in the public domain for ease of assess Examples are Digital Signatures, Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) and so on 18
- 20. Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) Algorithm Invented byRivest-Shamir-Adleman This is based on number theory, using two prime numbers or mathematical operation to randomly produce the public and private keys The public key (which is public) is used for encryption, and the private key (which is private) is used for decryption Sender encrypts the communication using public key of the recipient and when the communication is received, the recipient can decrypt it with its private key C= M^e mod n M= C^d mod n 20
- 21. Hybrid Encryption Algorithm Hybrid encryption is a blend of symmetric and asymmetric encryption methods In a hybrid encryption scheme, data is encrypted using a symmetric key algorithm, and the symmetric key itself is protected by asymmetric encryption Hybrid encryption is commonly used in various secure communication protocols, including SSL/TLS for secure web browsing and PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) for secure email communication. 21
- 22. Methodology The work proposes to ascertain which cryptographic algorithm is best suited for End-To- End Encryption security. By carrying out a performance evaluation analysis on various cryptographic algorithms; such as 3DES, DES, AES, Blowfish and Hybrid (AES-RSA). The following performance evaluation parameters such as encryption time, different key size, CPU utilization, memory consumption rate and overall process time, would be utilized 22
- 23. Specify data to encrypt or decrypt DATA PHASE Generate results from each algorithm based on performance REPORT PHASE Select algorithm to process encryption or decryption ALGORITHM PHASE Microsoft Excel Simulation Parameters Data Phase Algorithm Phase Report Phase 23
- 24. Performance Evaluation Parameters The performance evaluation parameters used to analysis comparatively the use case cryptographic algorithms below Encryption and Decryption Time Different Key Length (Size) CPU Utilization Time Period Memory Consumption Rate Overall Process Time 24
- 25. File name File sizes Text 400, 1500, 2048, 3000 (bytes) Image 400, 1500, 2048, 3000 (kb) Audio 26.1(Mb) SIMULATION IMPLEMENTATION PyCharm IDE for windows applications was utilized to compile the simulation using the interpreter settings. And also, to implement the algorithms in python programing language The packages utilized are Ecryptography PyCryptodome Psutil The sizes of the input files used are shown in Table below and consists of text, images and audio 25
- 26. RESULTS OF EXPERIMENT The results illustrate the effect of varying data sizes and the effect of encryption/decryption mode for each use case cryptographic algorithms While the audio file was used to ascertain the memory rate, CPU utilization, and overall process time. The overall result is transferred to Microsoft excel for more investigation and graphs plotted in Chart 1 – Chart 8 for each resourced measured 18
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- 29. Discussion of findings From the experimental results above, advanced encryption standard (AES) performed best in comparison to other algorithms But in terms of security, hybrid encryption is more secure combining the speed benefit of AES algorithm and security and key management benefit of RSA algorithm 29
- 30. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION The research highlights the critical importance of selecting the right cryptographic algorithm for End-To-End Encryption security While AES is efficient, its limitations in key management led to the exploration of a Hybrid (AES-RSA) approach The hybrid solution, leveraging the strengths of both AES and RSA, emerged as a more secure and versatile option, especially in scenarios involving bidirectional communication The findings emphasize the need for a nuanced understanding of cryptographic algorithms and their implications for secure digital communication. 30
- 31. REFERENCES Ohwo Onome Blaise, Oludele Awodele, Odunayo Yewande, "An Understanding and Perspectives of End-To-End Encryption", International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2021 Ben Lutkevich, Madelyn Bacon, "What is End-to-End Encryption (E2EE) and How does it work?", Available at: https://www.techtarget.com What Is Data Encryption: Types, Algorithms, Techniques and Methods, Available at: https://www.simplilearn.com RSA Algorithm with example and mod calculation, Available at: https://youtu.be/y5dPfW3I9Aw?si=FYh7NJmoAtqihlLx 31
- 32. THANK YOU 32