Arduino Introduction Guide 1
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This document is a guide to using the Arduino platform, detailing its components, basic setup, and programming tasks. It includes descriptions of various projects such as a spaceship interface and a motorized pinwheel, emphasizing the importance of understanding circuits. The author reflects on their learning experience and expresses a desire to further explore both hardware and software aspects of Arduino.
Arduino Introduction Guide 1
- 1. ARDUINO Guide created by an awesomeGrade 9 girl
- 2. Arduino ■ Arduino is an open-source electronics platform with easy to use software and hardware.The boards are able to read inputs and turn it into an output. ■ The kits usually come with a book that starts you off with some simple projects that allows you to get used to how it works and to begin to understand circuits. ■ It also has an app that allows the user to code programs in Java that can be uploaded to theArduino Board and run.
- 3. Setting Up Arduino ■ Download Arduino from the website, and install. ■ Connect your Arduino board to your computer via USB cable.The green light labelled ’ON’ will turn on. ■ Make sure that you configure your Arduino board - otherwise it will not register your code.
- 4. Basic Functions of App Verify Upload New Open Save
- 5. Kit Parts ■ Arduino Uno ■ Battery Snap ■ Breadboard ■ Capacitors ■ DC motor ■ Diode ■ Gels (red, green, blue) ■ H-bridge ■ Jumper wires ■ LEDs ■ LCD ■ Male header pins ■ Optocoupler ■ Piezo ■ Photoresistor ■ Potentiometer ■ Pushbuttons ■ Resistors ■ Servo Motor ■ Temperature sensor ■ Tilt sensor ■ Transistor ■ USB Cable
- 6. Breadboard & Arduino Duo ■ The breadboard is where you build your circuit. Any mistakes can have huge effects on how it functions. ■ The most important thing to do first, is to make sure that the negative (black/ground) and positive (red/power) leads are plugged in properly and in the right place.
- 7. Resistor’s ■ They resist the flow of electrical energy in a circuit, changing the voltage and current as a result. ■ Resistor values are marked using coloured bands, and each colour corresponds to a number.
- 8. LED’s ■ Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are a type of diode that illuminates when electricity passes through it. ■ Electricity only flows in one direction. ■ The anode connects to power while the cathode connects to ground. The longer leg is called the Anode (+) The shorter leg is called the Cathode (-)
- 9. Circuits Pt. 1 ■ When using an Arduino, it becomes clear very quickly that having a basic understanding of a circuit is useful. ■ Circuits are closed loops of wire with a power source, and something to do with the power. ■ In a circuit, electricity flows from a point of higher potential energy (power or +) to a point of lower potential energy (Ground/GND or - ). ■ Circuit Measurements; Current is the amount of electrical charge at a specific point during the circuit and is measured in Amps/Amperes. Voltage is the difference of energy between one point in a circuit and another and is measured in volts. Resistance, which is measured in Ohms (Ω), is how much a component resists the flow of electrical energy.
- 10. Circuits Pt. 2 ■ There needs to be a complete path from the energy source (Power) to the point of least energy (Ground) to make a circuit. If this is not done properly the circuit will not work. ■ There are two types of circuits; Series Circuit: A series circuit is a circuit in which resistors are arranged in a chain, so the current has only one path to take.The current is the same through each resistor. Parallel Circuit: A parallel circuit has two or more paths for current to flow through. Voltage is the same across each component of the parallel circuit.
- 11. Basic Circuits & Programming
- 12. Example – Spaceship Interface ■ The Spaceship Interface is the first proper Arduino Project, and also happens to be the easiest in my opinion. ■ You make a control panel with a switch and lights that turn on/change when the switch is pressed. ■ As you can see in the code, input only has two states– commonly referred to HIGH (voltage) and LOW (no voltage).
- 13. Example – Keyboard Instrument ■ This project allows the user to hook up a number of switches that produce a number of different tones depending on what you put in. ■ However, not only do you create a ‘Keyboard Instrument’, you also construct a resistor ladder. ■ Unfortunately, I did not get a photo of this project.
- 14. Example – Motorised Pinwheel ■ In this project, the Arduino is programmed to spin a colourful pinwheel using a motor. ■ One of the bigger parts of this project is understanding that controlling motors are much harder than controlling LEDs no matter what the code looks like. ■ If/When you complete this task for yourself, make sure that you have a tight hold of the motor as it is quite powerful and is hard to control if you are unprepared for it.
- 15. Arduino – Reflection Pt. 1 ■ I have found Arduino to be a fun unit with little restrictions. I have a much better understanding of circuits and how they function. My understanding of code has also improved even though I could have focused on it more. I should have spent more time playing around with the kit in general as I wish that I had done more. ■ I really enjoyed how I was given the choice as to which projects I got to do instead of working systematically through them as the first few were quite boring from the look of it. ■ If I had more time I would most likely have spent more time on how the programming actually works and would have gone onto the internet to find more interesting projects that I could do with the Arduino kit. I also would have liked to see if I could change the speed of the motor with the spinning pinwheel as it was very fast and hard to keep a hold of. ■ As a side note: I would have loved to find a way to organise my Arduino Kit better as there is a box with almost everything in it all jumbled up and hard to find when attempting to find the smaller components.
- 16. Arduino – Reflection Pt. 2 ■ Being able to use the Arduino Kit gave me a glimpse at what I could do in the future with IT. I found that I do enjoy doing hardware, however I would like to have a further look in to software as I feel as if I haven’t given it a proper go at all. ■ I have found that this experience has encouraged me to continue in IT and that I would like to see where this takes me in the future. ■ The best thing about this unit was the fact that there was not a formal Criteria for it and that I could focus on having fun instead of my writing.