Arduino Programming Familiarization
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The document discusses an experiment using an Arduino board to implement various projects. It provides an introduction to the Arduino board and IDE. It describes designing and implementing projects to blink an LED, measure analog voltage, perform string operations, and control a traffic signal. It reviews the Arduino IDE and commands like pinMode(), digitalWrite(), analogWrite(), and if statements. It also discusses analog vs digital signals, pulse width modulation for fading, and using serial communication and the serial monitor. Code examples are provided for basic blinking, fading, and reading analog voltage.
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- 1. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Khulna University of Engineering & Technology Khulna-9203 Course code : EE 3214 Sessional on Microprocessors, Micro-controllers and Peripherals Presented By Amit Kumer Podder Experiment No. 09
- 2. (a) Introduction to Arduino board and Arduino IDE (b) Design and implementation of blinking LED, analog voltage measurement, string operation and traffic controller projects in Arduino environment Experiment Name
- 3. Arduino is a prototype platform (open-source) based on an easy- to-use hardware and software. It consists of a circuit board, which can be programed (referred to as a microcontroller) and a ready-made software called Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment), which is used to write and upload the computer code to the physical board. Arduino
- 4. Arduino & Arduino Compatible Boards
- 8. Settings: Tools Serial Port •Your computer communicates to the Arduino microcontroller via a serial port through a USB-Serial adapter. •Check to make sure that the drivers are properly installed.
- 9. •Next, double-check that the proper board is selected under the ToolsBoard menu. Settings: Tools Board
- 10. Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Two required functions / methods / routines: void setup() { // runs once } void loop() { // repeats }error & status messages
- 11. Comments, Comments, Comments • Comments are for you – the programmer and your friends…or anyone else human that might read your code. • // this is for single line comments • // it’s good to put a description at the top and before anything ‘tricky’ • /* this is for multi-line comments • Like this… • And this…. • */
- 13. digitalWrite() analogWrite() digitalRead() if() statements / Boolean analogRead() Serial communication This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License. BIG6CONCEPTS
- 14. Three commands to know… • pinMode(pin, INPUT/OUTPUT); • ex: pinMode(13, OUTPUT); • digitalWrite(pin, HIGH/LOW); • ex: digitalWrite(13, HIGH); • delay(time_ms); • ex: delay(2500); // delay of 2.5 sec. • // NOTE: -> commands are CASE- sensitive
- 15. Programming Concepts: Variables Variable Scope •Global •--- •Function-level
- 16. Programming Concepts: Variable Types • Variable Types: 8 bits 16 bits 32 bits byte char int unsigned int long unsigned long float
- 17. Fading in and Fading Out (Analog or Digital?) • A few pins on the Arduino allow for us to modify the output to mimic an analog signal. • This is done by a technique called: • Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
- 18. Concepts: Analog vs. Digital •To create an analog signal, the microcontroller uses a technique called PWM. By varying the duty cycle, we can mimic an “average” analog voltage. •Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
- 19. •analogWrite(pin, val); • •pin – refers to the OUTPUT pin (limited to pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11.) – denoted by a ~ symbol •val – 8 bit value (0 – 255). • 0 => 0V | 255 => 5V Introducing a new command…
- 20. Move one of your LED pins over to Pin 9 • In Arduino, open up: • File Examples 01.Basics Fade
- 21. Fade - Code Review
- 22. Fade - Code Review
- 25. • void loop() • { • int buttonState = digitalRead(5); • if(buttonState == LOW) • { // do something • } • else • { // do something else • } • } Programming: Conditional Statements if() DIG INPUT
- 26. Boolean Operators <Boolean> Description ( ) == ( ) is equal? ( ) != ( ) is not equal? ( ) > ( ) greater than ( ) >= ( ) greater than or equal ( ) < ( ) less than ( ) <= ( ) less than or equal
- 27. analogRead() • Arduino uses a 10-bit A/D Converter: • this means that you get input values from 0 to 1023 • 0 V 0 • 5 V 1023 •Ex: • int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);
- 28. Using Serial Communication Method used to transfer data between two devices. Arduino dedicates Digital I/O pin # 0 to receiving and Digital I/O pin #1 to transmit. Data passes between the computer and Arduino through the USB cable. Data is transmitted as zeros (‘0’) and ones (‘1’) sequentially.
- 29. Serial Monitor & analogRead() Initializes the Serial Communication 9600 baud data rate prints data to serial bus
- 30. Serial Monitor & analogRead() Opens up a Serial Terminal Window
- 31. Additional Serial Communication Sending a Message void loop ( ) { Serial.print(“Hands on “) ; Serial.print(“Learning ”) ; • Serial.println(“is Fun!!!”) ; }
- 33. Serial Communication: Serial Debugging void loop() { int xVar = 10; Serial.print ( “Variable xVar is “ ) ; Serial.println ( xVar ) ; }
- 34. Serial Communication: Serial Troubleshooting void loop ( ) { Serial.print (“Digital pin 9: “); Serial.println (digitalRead(9)); }
- 35. Fritzing View of Breadboard Circuit •What happens when you break the circuit? •What if you wanted to add more than one LED?
- 36. Now Let’s Play With Arduino
- 37. Program 1 Blinking of LED void loop() { digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level) delay(1000); // wait for a second digitalWrite(13, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW delay(1000); // wait for a second } void setup() { // initialize digital pin 13 as an output. pinMode(13, OUTPUT); }
- 38. Program 2 Serial Blinking of LEDs
- 39. Program 3 Fading of LED
- 40. Program 4 Analog Voltage Measurement
- 41. Program 5 Traffic Signal Controller