Arduino spooky projects_class1
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This document provides an introduction and overview of Arduino and microcontrollers for a class on spooky projects. It includes: - An introduction to the Arduino microcontroller board, its components, and how it can be programmed from a computer. - A breakdown of what is in the class kit that students received, including components like an Arduino board, breadboard, LEDs, resistors, and more. - Instructions on how to build simple circuits like an LED flashlight and a blinking LED program using the Arduino board. - An outline of what will be covered in future classes, like reading buttons, analog sensors, and more complex LED programs.
Arduino spooky projects_class1
- 1. Spooky Projects Introduction to Microcontrollers with Arduino Class 1 7 Oct 2006 - machineproject - Tod E. Kurt Everyone’s had a little programming experience, right? Who’s had any electrical experience?
- 2. What’s for Today • Introduction to Arduino • Building an LED flashlight • Making some blinky LED eyes
- 3. Class Kit What’s in your goodie bag
- 4. Class Kit Manifest • Arduino NG USB board • Arduino ProtoShield • Solderless breadboard • USB cable • RC servo • piezo buzzer • 6m hookup wire in ghastly colors • potentiometer with knob • R,G,B and mystery LEDs • two push switches • 9V battery and connector • 220, 330, 10k, and 1M resistors • light sensitive resistor • 5.1v zener diode • square of velcro • scary eyeballs And other bits as we progress Ignore most of the kit for now, just use Arduino board and USB cable Complete kit manifest with part numbers will be online
- 5. A Word on Safety • Electronics are toxic to you • Lead in some of the parts • Wash up afterwards • You are toxic to electronics • Static-sensitive: don’t shuffle your feet • Wires only bend so much
- 6. What is Arduino? • Open Source Physical Computing Platform • open source: free to inspect & modify • physical computing. er, what?ubiquitous computing, pervasive computing, ambient intelligence, calm computing, everyware, spimes, blogjects, smart objects... • A physical board, a programming environment, a development philosophy • Tiny computer you can program • Completely stand-alone, talks to other devices Physical computing as invisible computing Can run off a battery Can talk to other computers, cell phones, etc.
- 7. What is Arduino? • Based on AVR-GCC, avr-libc, AVRlib and Processing (all open source projects) • Very similar to Basic Stamp (if you know it) • but cheaper, faster, & open • Uses AVR ATmega8 microcontroller chip Basic Stamp uses PIC microcontroller chip. PICs and AVRs are very comparable, one’s not necessarily better than the other AVRs are a little better if you’re using a language like C (stack-based) Don’t need to worry about the chip particulars for now
- 8. What is Arduino? • Why not just use a bare AVR ATmega8 chip? • Arduino is also a standardized “bootloader” • A tiny program that loads other programs • It’s alive during first 5 seconds A bootloader is akin to an BIOS on a real computer. It handles the startup of the chip After 5 seconds, your program runs Don’t need special programmer board with a bootloader Arduino can work with other AVR chips, some are smaller than your fingernail, cost ~ 40 cents
- 9. What is Arduino? • Capabilities • 8 kBytes of Flash program memory • 1 kByte of RAM • 12 MHz (Apple II: 1 MHz) • Inputs and Outputs • 13 digital input/output pins • 5 analog input pins Digital I/O can read switches and buttons, control LEDs and motors Analog input can read knobs or other varying sensors Analog output can be done with PWM
- 10. What is Arduino? • Write programs on your PC • Download them into the Arduino board • Arduino board can then be used by itself But how do you program it? No keyboard, mouse or display Your PC becomes the “head”
- 11. Arduino Board 2” 1.7” reset button power LED test LED TX/RX LEDs digital input/output analog input Also: USB input, power input, ICSP programming header
- 12. Arduino Board analog inputs reset button power LED test LED digital I/O Diagrammatic version, to simplify But of a slightly older version of the board
- 13. Digital? Analog? • Digital – only has two values: on/off • Analog – has many (infinite) values • Computers don’t really do analog • So they fake it, with quantization Quantization = breaking up the analog range into bins. The number of bins is the resolution. More bins = higher accuracy, but is more complex Digital can be thought of as only two bins.
- 14. Arduino Software compile (verify) upload to board status area That’s the full code for blinking an LED, btw. Arduino defines several useful functions like digitalWrite() and delay(). more on that later Processing and Wiring not needed
- 15. Arduino & Processing http://processing.org/ build generative art or other applets easily not needed for Arduino, but can work with it Arduino has essentially the same GUI as Processing Easier than Arduino, since all software Though similar UI and philosophy, Arduino is a different language We’ll use Processing later in the class to let the computer control Arduino & vice-versa
- 16. • Download software: http://arduino.cc/ • Mac OS X PPC or Intel (must pick) • Windows 2000/XP • Install drivers • In “drivers” folder, pick appropriate one • Windows: unzip driver, plug in board, setup • “macosx-setup-command” for Mac folk • Reboot Installing Arduino Different Arduino downloads for each operating system Different drivers for each OS too “macosx-setup-command” must be run before reboot, but, it will go away in next version
- 17. Using Arduino • Programs are called “sketches” • Load up example sketch “led_blink”
- 18. Errors Must select serial port “Programmer is not responding”
- 19. What’s my serial port? Windows: Use Device Manager to find COM port Mac: It’s called “/dev/tty.usbserial-something”
- 20. Using Arduino • Write program • Compile (check for errors) • Reset board • Upload to board Try it out with “led_blink”! On reset, board will flash on-board pin 13 LED really fast for a split-second to indicate bootloader exists When uploading, TX/RX lights will flash as data is transferred Then the board resets, pin 13 will flash fast again Finally, your program will run
- 22. Take a Break
- 23. Making Circuits heart pumps, blood flows voltage pushes, current flows
- 24. LEDs physical characteristics schematic symbol • LED = Light-Emitting Diode • electricity only flows one way in a diode • Needs a “current limiting” resistor, or burns out bar = minus Many types of integrated lenses. Some project a narrow beam (like the ones in this class), some project a very wide beam
- 25. LED flashlight wiring diagram schematic All LED circuits are essentially this: power source, current limiter, LED Flat part of LED goes to negative, like bar in schematic The higher the resistance, the dimmer the LED; the lower, the brighter
- 26. LED flashlight Take out solderless breadboard, resistor, LED, and battery and make a circuit LEDs have been marked a little as to what color they are, but color doesn’t matter here
- 27. Solderless Breadboards groups of 5 connected but not connected across the jump not connected Insert wires into holes to make a connection. *Much* easier, quicker than soldering But, they wear out, are expensive ($8 for this little one)
- 28. Using Solderless Breadboards Using needle nose pliers can help Grab wire or lead toward end and push into hole
- 29. Blinky LED circuit wiring diagram schematic “hello world” of microcontrollers In schematics signals often flow from top-left to bottom-right Common nodes like “gnd” are given their own symbol Pick any digital pin to hook up to, doesn’t matter which
- 30. Blinky LED circuit • Plug shield on top of Arduino board • Stick breadboard to shield
- 31. Blinky LED Software You’ve already seen it.
- 32. Arduino Sketch Structure • Declare variables at top • Initialize • setup() – run once at beginning, set pins • Running • loop() – run repeatedly, after setup() Pins can be changed in loop() too, but conceptually easier in setup()
- 33. Arduino “Language” • Language is standard C (but made easy) • Lots of useful functions • pinMode() – set a pin as input or output • digitalWrite() – set a digital pin high/low • digitalRead() – read a digital pin’s state • analogRead() – read an analog pin • analogWrite() – write an “analog” PWM value • delay() – wait an amount of time • millis() – get the current time • And many others. And libraries. And examples! Also: serial library, LCD library, servo examples
- 34. Development Cycle • Make as many changes as you want • Not like most web programming: edit ➝ run • Edit ➝ compile ➝ upload ➝ run edit compile upload run
- 35. More Blinky Madness Add LEDs
- 36. Next Week • Reading buttons • Reading analog values (knobs) • Detecting the dark • More complex LED circuits • Stand-alone Arduino
- 37. Tod E. Kurt [email protected] END Class 1