This is a presentation on Arrays, one of the most important topics on Data Structures and algorithms. Anyone who is new to DSA or wants to have a theoretical understanding of the same can refer to it :D
In computer science, a data structure is a data organization, management, and storage format that enables efficient access and modification. More precisely, a data structure is a collection of data values, the relationships among them, and the functions or operations that can be applied to the data. https://apkleet.com
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The presentation introduces arrays, including their definition, types (one-dimensional, two-dimensional, multi-dimensional), syntax, declaration, accessing elements, and code examples. Arrays allow storing large amounts of data under a single variable name, facilitate faster searching, and are useful for representing matrices. They are a collection of similar data types indexed with integers.
Introduction to data structures and AlgorithmDhaval Kaneria
This document provides an introduction to algorithms and data structures. It defines algorithms as step-by-step processes to solve problems and discusses their properties, including being unambiguous, composed of a finite number of steps, and terminating. The document outlines the development process for algorithms and discusses their time and space complexity, noting worst-case, average-case, and best-case scenarios. Examples of iterative and recursive algorithms for calculating factorials are provided to illustrate time and space complexity analyses.
Linked lists are linear data structures where elements are linked using pointers. The three main types are singly, doubly, and circular linked lists. Linked lists allow dynamic memory allocation and fast insertion/deletion compared to arrays but slower access. A linked list contains nodes, each with a data field and pointer to the next node. Basic operations on linked lists include insertion, deletion, traversal, and search. Doubly linked lists include pointers to both the next and previous nodes.
Power BI is a cloud-based business analytics service that allows users to bring their data together and gain insights. It provides a single view of critical business data through live dashboards and rich interactive reports. Gartner has positioned Microsoft as a leader in business intelligence and analytics platforms for nine consecutive years based on its vision. The demo showcases how to create a Power BI account, import and transform different data sources to build a data model, create reports and columns/measures, and publish reports to the web.
The document provides an introduction to data structures. It defines data structures as representations of logical relationships between data elements that consider both the elements and their relationships. It classifies data structures as either primitive or non-primitive. Primitive structures are directly operated on by machine instructions while non-primitive structures are built from primitive ones. Common non-primitive structures include stacks, queues, linked lists, trees and graphs. The document then discusses arrays as a data structure and operations on arrays like traversal, insertion, deletion, searching and sorting.
The document discusses strings in C programming. It defines strings as sequences of characters stored as character arrays that are terminated with a null character. It covers string literals, declaring and initializing string variables, reading and writing strings, and common string manipulation functions like strlen(), strcpy(), strcmp(), and strcat(). These functions allow operations on strings like getting the length, copying strings, comparing strings, and concatenating strings.
Merge sort is a sorting technique based on divide and conquer technique. With worst-case time complexity being Ο(n log n), it is one of the most respected algorithms.
Merge sort first divides the array into equal halves and then combines them in a sorted manner.
The document defines and describes various graph concepts and data structures used to represent graphs. It defines a graph as a collection of nodes and edges, and distinguishes between directed and undirected graphs. It then describes common graph terminology like adjacent/incident nodes, subgraphs, paths, cycles, connected/strongly connected components, trees, and degrees. Finally, it discusses two common ways to represent graphs - the adjacency matrix and adjacency list representations, noting their storage requirements and ability to add/remove nodes.
Arrays are a data structure that allow the storage of multiple elements of the same type. They can have one or more dimensions. One-dimensional arrays use a single subscript, while two-dimensional arrays use two subscripts to reference rows and columns. Arrays can be passed as arguments to functions in several ways, including as a pointer, sized array, or unsized array. Arrays are useful for storing and sorting data, performing matrix operations, and storing temporary values in recursive functions. However, arrays have limitations such as a static size, requiring elements to be of the same type, and potential memory issues if not sized correctly.
This document discusses one-dimensional arrays. It defines a one-dimensional array as a list of values with the same data type stored under a single name. Elements are stored in consecutive memory locations and can be accessed using the array name and index. Individual elements are referenced as array_name[index]. The size of an array is the number of elements, and the type refers to the data type of the values. Memory addresses for elements are calculated from the base address using the index and size. Examples are provided to demonstrate accessing elements and calculating memory addresses.
The document describes the bubble sort algorithm. Bubble sort works by repeatedly swapping adjacent elements that are in the wrong order until the list is fully sorted. Each pass of bubble sort bubbles up the largest remaining element to its correct place near the end of the list. It takes multiple passes, with fewer comparisons each time, to fully sort the list from lowest to highest.
The document discusses arrays in data structures using C programming language. It defines what an array is and describes different types of arrays like one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and multi-dimensional arrays. It also explains array operations such as insertion, deletion, traversal, reversing, sorting, and searching. Additionally, it covers merging of arrays, arrays of pointers, and using arrays to represent polynomials.
Hashing is a technique used to uniquely identify objects by assigning each object a key, such as a student ID or book ID number. A hash function converts large keys into smaller keys that are used as indices in a hash table, allowing for fast lookup of objects in O(1) time. Collisions, where two different keys hash to the same index, are resolved using techniques like separate chaining or linear probing. Common applications of hashing include databases, caches, and object representation in programming languages.
Searching and sorting
Types of Searching
1. Linear Searching
2. Binary Searching
Types of Sorting
1.Selection Sort
2. Insertion Sort
3.Bubble Sort
And the examples of Linear searching, Binary Searching
And also the examples of Selection sort, Insertion sort and Bubble sort and describing them in detail in this ppt
An array is a data structure that stores fixed number of items of the same type. It allows fast access of elements using indices. Basic array operations include traversing elements, inserting/deleting elements, searching for elements, and updating elements. Arrays are zero-indexed and elements are accessed via their index.
This tutorial explains about linked List concept. it contains types of linked list also. All possible graphical representations are included for better understanding.
This document discusses arrays in three sentences or less:
Arrays allow storing and accessing multiple values under a single name, with each value stored in consecutive memory locations. Arrays come in one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and multi-dimensional forms and can be accessed using indexes. Common array operations include initialization, accessing elements, searching, sorting, and performing operations on all elements using loops.
The document discusses various searching and sorting algorithms. It describes linear search, binary search, and interpolation search for searching unsorted and sorted lists. It also explains different sorting algorithms like bubble sort, selection sort, insertion sort, quicksort, shellsort, heap sort, and merge sort. Linear search searches sequentially while binary search uses divide and conquer. Sorting algorithms like bubble sort, selection sort, and insertion sort are in-place and have quadratic time complexity in the worst case. Quicksort, mergesort, and heapsort generally have better performance.
The document discusses arrays in Java, including how to declare and initialize one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, access array elements, pass arrays as parameters, and sort and search arrays. It also covers arrays of objects and examples of using arrays to store student data and daily temperature readings from multiple cities over multiple days.
This document discusses sparse matrices. It defines a sparse matrix as a matrix with more zero values than non-zero values. Sparse matrices can save space by only storing the non-zero elements and their indices rather than allocating space for all elements. Two common representations for sparse matrices are the triplet representation, which stores the non-zero values and their row and column indices, and the linked representation, which connects the non-zero elements. Applications of sparse matrices include solving large systems of equations.
The document discusses three sorting algorithms: bubble sort, selection sort, and insertion sort. Bubble sort works by repeatedly swapping adjacent elements that are in the wrong order. Selection sort finds the minimum element and swaps it into the sorted portion of the array. Insertion sort inserts elements into the sorted portion of the array, swapping as needed to put the element in the correct position. Both selection sort and insertion sort have a time complexity of O(n^2) in the worst case.
This document discusses priority queues. It defines a priority queue as a queue where insertion and deletion are based on some priority property. Items with higher priority are removed before lower priority items. There are two main types: ascending priority queues remove the smallest item, while descending priority queues remove the largest item. Priority queues are useful for scheduling jobs in operating systems, where real-time jobs have highest priority and are scheduled first. They are also used in network communication to manage limited bandwidth.
This document discusses data structures and linked lists. It provides definitions and examples of different types of linked lists, including:
- Single linked lists, which contain nodes with a data field and a link to the next node.
- Circular linked lists, where the last node links back to the first node, forming a loop.
- Doubly linked lists, where each node contains links to both the previous and next nodes.
- Operations on linked lists such as insertion, deletion, traversal, and searching are also described.
This document discusses double-ended queues or deques. Deques allow elements to be added or removed from either end. There are two types: input restricted deques where elements can only be inserted at one end but removed from both ends, and output restricted deques where elements can only be removed from one end but inserted from both ends. Deques can function as stacks or queues depending on the insertion and removal ends. The document describes algorithms for common deque operations like insert_front, insert_back, remove_front, and remove_back. It also lists applications of deques like palindrome checking and task scheduling.
This document discusses arrays in Java programming. It covers defining and creating single and multi-dimensional arrays, accessing array elements using indexes and loops, and performing operations like sorting and finding maximum/minimum values. Examples are provided for different array types like integer, string and character arrays, and operations like input/output, break/continue statements, and star patterns. Homework involves writing a program to produce a given output pattern.
The document discusses different types of queues including their representations, operations, and applications. It describes queues as linear data structures that follow a first-in, first-out principle. Common queue operations are insertion at the rear and deletion at the front. Queues can be represented using arrays or linked lists. Circular queues and priority queues are also described as variants that address limitations of standard queues. Real-world and technical applications of queues include CPU scheduling, cashier lines, and data transfer between processes.
Array
Introduction
One-dimensional array
Multidimensional array
Advantage of Array
Write a C program using arrays that produces the multiplication of two matrices.
1. An array is a data structure that stores elements of the same data type in a contiguous block of memory. It allows random access to elements using indices.
2. Arrays are declared with a type, name, and size and elements are accessed using the name and index. Indexing starts at 0.
3. Multidimensional arrays store elements in rows and columns and are declared with multiple sizes, allowing 2D or 3D arrays.
An array is a collection of similar data types stored in contiguous memory locations that can be accessed using an index. Arrays allow storing multiple values in a single variable and accessing elements using simple syntax. The main types of arrays are single-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays. Single-dimensional arrays store elements in a linear fashion while multi-dimensional arrays can represent tables or matrices by storing elements in rows and columns. Common operations on arrays include traversing elements, inserting, deleting, searching, and updating elements.
The document defines and describes various graph concepts and data structures used to represent graphs. It defines a graph as a collection of nodes and edges, and distinguishes between directed and undirected graphs. It then describes common graph terminology like adjacent/incident nodes, subgraphs, paths, cycles, connected/strongly connected components, trees, and degrees. Finally, it discusses two common ways to represent graphs - the adjacency matrix and adjacency list representations, noting their storage requirements and ability to add/remove nodes.
Arrays are a data structure that allow the storage of multiple elements of the same type. They can have one or more dimensions. One-dimensional arrays use a single subscript, while two-dimensional arrays use two subscripts to reference rows and columns. Arrays can be passed as arguments to functions in several ways, including as a pointer, sized array, or unsized array. Arrays are useful for storing and sorting data, performing matrix operations, and storing temporary values in recursive functions. However, arrays have limitations such as a static size, requiring elements to be of the same type, and potential memory issues if not sized correctly.
This document discusses one-dimensional arrays. It defines a one-dimensional array as a list of values with the same data type stored under a single name. Elements are stored in consecutive memory locations and can be accessed using the array name and index. Individual elements are referenced as array_name[index]. The size of an array is the number of elements, and the type refers to the data type of the values. Memory addresses for elements are calculated from the base address using the index and size. Examples are provided to demonstrate accessing elements and calculating memory addresses.
The document describes the bubble sort algorithm. Bubble sort works by repeatedly swapping adjacent elements that are in the wrong order until the list is fully sorted. Each pass of bubble sort bubbles up the largest remaining element to its correct place near the end of the list. It takes multiple passes, with fewer comparisons each time, to fully sort the list from lowest to highest.
The document discusses arrays in data structures using C programming language. It defines what an array is and describes different types of arrays like one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and multi-dimensional arrays. It also explains array operations such as insertion, deletion, traversal, reversing, sorting, and searching. Additionally, it covers merging of arrays, arrays of pointers, and using arrays to represent polynomials.
Hashing is a technique used to uniquely identify objects by assigning each object a key, such as a student ID or book ID number. A hash function converts large keys into smaller keys that are used as indices in a hash table, allowing for fast lookup of objects in O(1) time. Collisions, where two different keys hash to the same index, are resolved using techniques like separate chaining or linear probing. Common applications of hashing include databases, caches, and object representation in programming languages.
Searching and sorting
Types of Searching
1. Linear Searching
2. Binary Searching
Types of Sorting
1.Selection Sort
2. Insertion Sort
3.Bubble Sort
And the examples of Linear searching, Binary Searching
And also the examples of Selection sort, Insertion sort and Bubble sort and describing them in detail in this ppt
An array is a data structure that stores fixed number of items of the same type. It allows fast access of elements using indices. Basic array operations include traversing elements, inserting/deleting elements, searching for elements, and updating elements. Arrays are zero-indexed and elements are accessed via their index.
This tutorial explains about linked List concept. it contains types of linked list also. All possible graphical representations are included for better understanding.
This document discusses arrays in three sentences or less:
Arrays allow storing and accessing multiple values under a single name, with each value stored in consecutive memory locations. Arrays come in one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and multi-dimensional forms and can be accessed using indexes. Common array operations include initialization, accessing elements, searching, sorting, and performing operations on all elements using loops.
The document discusses various searching and sorting algorithms. It describes linear search, binary search, and interpolation search for searching unsorted and sorted lists. It also explains different sorting algorithms like bubble sort, selection sort, insertion sort, quicksort, shellsort, heap sort, and merge sort. Linear search searches sequentially while binary search uses divide and conquer. Sorting algorithms like bubble sort, selection sort, and insertion sort are in-place and have quadratic time complexity in the worst case. Quicksort, mergesort, and heapsort generally have better performance.
The document discusses arrays in Java, including how to declare and initialize one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, access array elements, pass arrays as parameters, and sort and search arrays. It also covers arrays of objects and examples of using arrays to store student data and daily temperature readings from multiple cities over multiple days.
This document discusses sparse matrices. It defines a sparse matrix as a matrix with more zero values than non-zero values. Sparse matrices can save space by only storing the non-zero elements and their indices rather than allocating space for all elements. Two common representations for sparse matrices are the triplet representation, which stores the non-zero values and their row and column indices, and the linked representation, which connects the non-zero elements. Applications of sparse matrices include solving large systems of equations.
The document discusses three sorting algorithms: bubble sort, selection sort, and insertion sort. Bubble sort works by repeatedly swapping adjacent elements that are in the wrong order. Selection sort finds the minimum element and swaps it into the sorted portion of the array. Insertion sort inserts elements into the sorted portion of the array, swapping as needed to put the element in the correct position. Both selection sort and insertion sort have a time complexity of O(n^2) in the worst case.
This document discusses priority queues. It defines a priority queue as a queue where insertion and deletion are based on some priority property. Items with higher priority are removed before lower priority items. There are two main types: ascending priority queues remove the smallest item, while descending priority queues remove the largest item. Priority queues are useful for scheduling jobs in operating systems, where real-time jobs have highest priority and are scheduled first. They are also used in network communication to manage limited bandwidth.
This document discusses data structures and linked lists. It provides definitions and examples of different types of linked lists, including:
- Single linked lists, which contain nodes with a data field and a link to the next node.
- Circular linked lists, where the last node links back to the first node, forming a loop.
- Doubly linked lists, where each node contains links to both the previous and next nodes.
- Operations on linked lists such as insertion, deletion, traversal, and searching are also described.
This document discusses double-ended queues or deques. Deques allow elements to be added or removed from either end. There are two types: input restricted deques where elements can only be inserted at one end but removed from both ends, and output restricted deques where elements can only be removed from one end but inserted from both ends. Deques can function as stacks or queues depending on the insertion and removal ends. The document describes algorithms for common deque operations like insert_front, insert_back, remove_front, and remove_back. It also lists applications of deques like palindrome checking and task scheduling.
This document discusses arrays in Java programming. It covers defining and creating single and multi-dimensional arrays, accessing array elements using indexes and loops, and performing operations like sorting and finding maximum/minimum values. Examples are provided for different array types like integer, string and character arrays, and operations like input/output, break/continue statements, and star patterns. Homework involves writing a program to produce a given output pattern.
The document discusses different types of queues including their representations, operations, and applications. It describes queues as linear data structures that follow a first-in, first-out principle. Common queue operations are insertion at the rear and deletion at the front. Queues can be represented using arrays or linked lists. Circular queues and priority queues are also described as variants that address limitations of standard queues. Real-world and technical applications of queues include CPU scheduling, cashier lines, and data transfer between processes.
Array
Introduction
One-dimensional array
Multidimensional array
Advantage of Array
Write a C program using arrays that produces the multiplication of two matrices.
1. An array is a data structure that stores elements of the same data type in a contiguous block of memory. It allows random access to elements using indices.
2. Arrays are declared with a type, name, and size and elements are accessed using the name and index. Indexing starts at 0.
3. Multidimensional arrays store elements in rows and columns and are declared with multiple sizes, allowing 2D or 3D arrays.
An array is a collection of similar data types stored in contiguous memory locations that can be accessed using an index. Arrays allow storing multiple values in a single variable and accessing elements using simple syntax. The main types of arrays are single-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays. Single-dimensional arrays store elements in a linear fashion while multi-dimensional arrays can represent tables or matrices by storing elements in rows and columns. Common operations on arrays include traversing elements, inserting, deleting, searching, and updating elements.
This document provides an overview of arrays and strings in C programming. It discusses single and multidimensional arrays, including array declaration and initialization. It also covers string handling functions. Additionally, the document defines structures and unions, and discusses nested structures and arrays of structures. The majority of the document focuses on concepts related to single dimensional arrays, including array representation, accessing array elements, and common array operations like insertion, deletion, searching, and sorting. Example C programs are provided to demonstrate various array concepts.
Arrays allow storing and accessing multiple values of the same data type. A two-dimensional array represents data in a tabular form and can be used to store values in a matrix. It is declared with two sets of brackets and initialized with nested curly braces. Elements are accessed using two indices, such as array[row][column]. Memory for a two-dimensional array is allocated in a contiguous block, with the first dimension iterating fastest.
Homework Assignment – Array Technical DocumentWrite a technical .pdfaroraopticals15
Homework Assignment – Array Technical Document
Write a technical document that describes the structure and use of arrays. The document should
be 3 to 5 pages and include an Introduction section, giving a brief synopsis of the document and
arrays, a Body section, describing arrays and giving an annotated example of their use as a
programming construct, and a conclusion to revisit important information about arrays described
in the Body of the document. Some suggested material to include:
Declaring arrays of various types
Array pointers
Printing and processing arrays
Sorting and searching arrays
Multidimensional arrays
Indexing arrays of various dimension
Array representation in memory by data type
Passing arrays as arguments
If you find any useful images on the Internet, you can use them as long as you cite the source in
end notes.
Solution
Array is a collection of variables of the same type that are referenced by a common name.
Specific elements or variables in the array are accessed by means of index into the array.
If taking about C, In C all arrays consist of contiguous memory locations. The lowest address
corresponds to the first element in the array while the largest address corresponds to the last
element in the array.
C supports both single and multi-dimensional arrays.
1) Single Dimension Arrays:-
Syntax:- type var_name[size];
where type is the type of each element in the array, var_name is any valid identifier, and size is
the number of elements in the array which has to be a constant value.
*Array always use zero as index to first element.
The valid indices for array above are 0 .. 4, i.e. 0 .. number of elements - 1
For Example :- To load an array with values 0 .. 99
int x[100] ;
int i ;
for ( i = 0; i < 100; i++ )
x[i] = i ;
To determine to size of an array at run time the sizeof operator is used. This returns the size in
bytes of its argument. The name of the array is given as the operand
size_of_array = sizeof ( array_name ) ;
2) Initialisg array:-
Arrays can be initialised at time of declaration in the following manner.
type array[ size ] = { value list };
For Example :-
int i[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } ;
i[0] = 1, i[1] = 2, etc.
The size specification in the declaration may be omitted which causes the compiler to count the
number of elements in the value list and allocate appropriate storage.
For Example :- int i[ ] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } ;
3) Multidimensional array:-
Multidimensional arrays of any dimension are possible in C but in practice only two or three
dimensional arrays are workable. The most common multidimensional array is a two
dimensional array for example the computer display, board games, a mathematical matrix etc.
Syntax :type name [ rows ] [ columns ] ;
For Example :- 2D array of dimension 2 X 3.
int d[ 2 ] [ 3 ] ;
A two dimensional array is actually an array of arrays, in the above case an array of two integer
arrays (the rows) each with three elements, and is stored row-wise in memory.
For Example :- Program to fill .
The document defines and describes different types of arrays in C programming. It states that arrays can hold multiple values of the same data type and are used to store data in linear or tabular form. The key types discussed are one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and multi-dimensional arrays. It provides examples and explains how to declare, initialize, search and sort each array type.
An array is a group of consecutive memory locations that share the same name and data type. It allows storing multiple values of the same type together. Arrays can store large numbers of values with a single name and process many values easily and quickly. There are one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and multi-dimensional arrays. One-dimensional arrays store elements in a linear list, two-dimensional arrays arrange elements in a table with rows and columns, and multi-dimensional arrays extend this concept to three or more dimensions.
Arrays in Java refer to data structures that store homogeneous elements of the same type. There are three main features of arrays: dynamic allocation which reduces storage requirements, elements stored under a single name for easy access, and elements stored in contiguous locations. Arrays allow random access to elements via indexes but have a fixed size. Java supports one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and multi-dimensional arrays.
This document discusses arrays in programming. It defines an array as a collection of similar data items stored in contiguous memory locations that can be randomly accessed by index number. Elements in an array are of the same data type and size. The document covers array declaration syntax, initialization, multidimensional arrays, and advantages and disadvantages of arrays.
Arrays are collections of homogeneous elements that are stored in linear order and accessed using an index. Key properties of arrays include:
- They have a fixed size that is defined at creation time.
- Elements are of the same data type.
- Accessing elements is fast using an index but insertion and deletion is difficult.
- Arrays use contiguous memory locations for elements so memory is utilized efficiently but size cannot be dynamically increased.
Arrays are a commonly used data structure that store multiple elements of the same type. Elements in an array are accessed using subscripts or indexes, with the first element having an index of 0. Multidimensional arrays can store elements in rows and columns, accessed using two indexes. Arrays are stored linearly in memory in either row-major or column-major order, which affects how elements are accessed.
Arrays allow for the storage of multiple values of the same type under a common name. There are two types of arrays: single dimensional arrays which store values in a list, and multi-dimensional arrays which can store values in a grid. Strings are arrays of characters that are terminated by a null character. Arrays allocate a block of contiguous memory to store the elements.
The document discusses one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays in C++. It defines an array as a series of elements of the same type that allows storing multiple values of that type. For one-dimensional arrays, it covers declaring, initializing, and accessing arrays using indexes. Two-dimensional arrays are defined as arrays of arrays, representing a table with rows and columns where each element is accessed using row and column indexes. The document provides examples of declaring, initializing, and accessing elements in one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays in C++.
The document discusses arrays in C programming. It covers one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and multi-dimensional arrays. It explains how to declare, initialize, and access array elements. It also discusses memory representation of two-dimensional arrays in row-major and column-major order. Additionally, it provides examples of calculating addresses of array elements and passing arrays to functions. Common applications of arrays and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized.
Data Structures: A Foundation for Efficient ProgrammingMSridhar18
Welcome to our journey into the world of data structures. Today, we'll explore the fundamental concepts, classification, and practical applications of these essential programming tools.
Rearchitecturing a 9-year-old legacy Laravel application.pdfTakumi Amitani
An initiative to re-architect a Laravel legacy application that had been running for 9 years using the following approaches, with the goal of improving the system’s modifiability:
・Event Storming
・Use Case Driven Object Modeling
・Domain Driven Design
・Modular Monolith
・Clean Architecture
This slide was used in PHPxTKY June 2025.
https://phpxtky.connpass.com/event/352685/
How Binning Affects LED Performance & Consistency.pdfMina Anis
🔍 What’s Inside:
📦 What Is LED Binning?
• The process of sorting LEDs by color temperature, brightness, voltage, and CRI
• Ensures visual and performance consistency across large installations
🎨 Why It Matters:
• Inconsistent binning leads to uneven color and brightness
• Impacts brand perception, customer satisfaction, and warranty claims
📊 Key Concepts Explained:
• SDCM (Standard Deviation of Color Matching)
• Recommended bin tolerances by application (e.g., 1–3 SDCM for retail/museums)
• How to read bin codes from LED datasheets
• The difference between ANSI/NEMA standards and proprietary bin maps
🧠 Advanced Practices:
• AI-assisted bin prediction
• Color blending and dynamic calibration
• Customized binning for high-end or global projects
A SEW-EURODRIVE brake repair kit is needed for maintenance and repair of specific SEW-EURODRIVE brake models, like the BE series. It includes all necessary parts for preventative maintenance and repairs. This ensures proper brake functionality and extends the lifespan of the brake system
This document provides information about the Fifth edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Third Review PPT that consists of the project d etails like abstract.Sowndarya6
CyberShieldX is an AI-driven cybersecurity SaaS web application designed to provide automated security analysis and proactive threat mitigation for business websites. As cyber threats continue to evolve, traditional security tools like OpenVAS and Nessus require manual configurations and lack real-time automation. CyberShieldX addresses these limitations by integrating AI-powered vulnerability assessment, intrusion detection, and security maintenance services. Users can analyze their websites by simply submitting a URL, after which CyberShieldX conducts an in-depth vulnerability scan using advanced security tools such as OpenVAS, Nessus, and Metasploit. The system then generates a detailed report highlighting security risks, potential exploits, and recommended fixes. Premium users receive continuous security monitoring, automatic patching, and expert assistance to fortify their digital infrastructure against emerging threats. Built on a robust cloud infrastructure using AWS, Docker, and Kubernetes, CyberShieldX ensures scalability, high availability, and efficient security enforcement. Its AI-driven approach enhances detection accuracy, minimizes false positives, and provides real-time security insights. This project will cover the system's architecture, implementation, and its advantages over existing security solutions, demonstrating how CyberShieldX revolutionizes cybersecurity by offering businesses a smarter, automated, and proactive defense mechanism against ever-evolving cyber threats.
This study will provide the audience with an understanding of the capabilities of soft tools such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Model Trees (MT), and Multi-Gene Genetic Programming (MGGP) as a statistical downscaling tool. Many projects are underway around the world to downscale the data from Global Climate Models (GCM). The majority of the statistical tools have a lengthy downscaling pipeline to follow. To improve its accuracy, the GCM data is re-gridded according to the grid points of the observed data, standardized, and, sometimes, bias-removal is required. The current work suggests that future precipitation can be predicted by using precipitation data from the nearest four grid points as input to soft tools and observed precipitation as output. This research aims to estimate precipitation trends in the near future (2021-2050), using 5 GCMs, for Pune, in the state of Maharashtra, India. The findings indicate that each one of the soft tools can model the precipitation with excellent accuracy as compared to the traditional method of Distribution Based Scaling (DBS). The results show that ANN models appear to give the best results, followed by MT, then MGGP, and finally SVR. This work is one of a kind in that it provides insights into the changing monsoon season in Pune. The anticipated average precipitation levels depict a rise of 300–500% in January, along with increases of 200-300% in February and March, and a 100-150% increase for April and December. In contrast, rainfall appears to be decreasing by 20-30% between June and September.
David Boutry - Mentors Junior DevelopersDavid Boutry
David Boutry is a Senior Software Engineer in New York with expertise in high-performance data processing and cloud technologies like AWS and Kubernetes. With over eight years in the field, he has led projects that improved system scalability and reduced processing times by 40%. He actively mentors aspiring developers and holds certifications in AWS, Scrum, and Azure.
First Review PPT gfinal gyft ftu liu yrfut goSowndarya6
CyberShieldX provides end-to-end security solutions, including vulnerability assessment, penetration testing, and real-time threat detection for business websites. It ensures that organizations can identify and mitigate security risks before exploitation.
Unlike traditional security tools, CyberShieldX integrates AI models to automate vulnerability detection, minimize false positives, and enhance threat intelligence. This reduces manual effort and improves security accuracy.
Many small and medium businesses lack dedicated cybersecurity teams. CyberShieldX provides an easy-to-use platform with AI-powered insights to assist non-experts in securing their websites.
Traditional enterprise security solutions are often expensive. CyberShieldX, as a SaaS platform, offers cost-effective security solutions with flexible pricing for businesses of all sizes.
Businesses must comply with security regulations, and failure to do so can result in fines or data breaches. CyberShieldX helps organizations meet compliance requirements efficiently.
1. Introduction to
Arrays in Data
Structures and
Algorithm
By Kristina Barooah
Computer Science Engineering, Lovely Professional University
Technical Member of GeeksforGeeks-LPU.
2. What
are Arrays?
Arrays a data structure that can store a fixed-size
sequential collection of elements of the same type.
An array is a collection of variables of the same type
i.e. it stores a collection of data of the same type.
Syntax: Data_type array_name [size];
Example: Int a[5];
Main idea behind having array:
Instead of declaring individual variables, such as
number0, number1, ..., and number99, declaring
one array variable such as numbers and use
numbers[0], numbers[1], and ..., numbers[99] to
represent individual variables is way much easier.
3. Important
Points about
Arrays
All arrays consist of contiguous memory locations. The lowest
address corresponds to the first element and the highest address to
the last element.
All arrays have 0 as the index of their first element which is also
called the base index and the last index of an array will be total
size of the array minus 1.
A specific element in an array is accessed by an index.
Usage: Arrays are commonly used in computer programs to organize
data so that a related set of values can be easily sorted or searched.
Also, used to Implement other data structures like Stacks, Queues,
Heaps, Hash tables, etc.
4. Declaration of Arrays
In C/C++, an array can be declared by specifying its type and size or by initializing it or by both.
1. Array declaration by specifying size:
int a[10];
2. Array declaration by initializing elements:
int a[] = {10, 20, 30, 40} ;
Here, in case the size of the array is omitted, an array just big enough to hold the initialization is created.
Thus, the compiler creates an array of size 4. And above is same as "int a[4] = {10, 20, 30, 40}"
3. Array declaration by specifying size and initializing elements:
int a[6] = {10, 20, 30, 40};
Here, in case the compiler creates an array of size 6, initializes first 4 elements as specified by user
and rest two elements as 0. above is same as "int a[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 0, 0}"
An "array declaration" basically means to name the array and specify the type of its
elements. It can also define the number of elements in the array. A variable with array
type is considered a pointer to the type of the array elements.
5. However it is not the same in other languages!
For instance, in Java the Syntax to Declare an Array is:
dataType[] a; (or)
dataType []a; (or)
dataType a[];
In JavaScript the Syntax to Declare an Array is :
const array_name = [item1, item2, ...]; or
array_name = new Array( 4 ) ;
Note: JavaScript Arrays are Heterogeneous. Unlike many other popular languages, a JavaScript Array can
hold elements of multiple data types, simultaneously
Syntax to Declare an Array, In Python :
Note: Python does not have built-in support for Arrays, but Python lists can be used
instead.
E.g.: carbrands = ["Ford", " Hyundai", "BMW"]
List can contain heterogeneous values such as integers, floats, strings, tuples, lists, and
dictionaries but they are commonly used to store collections of homogeneous objects. Python lists
are mutable sequences.
Note: all these declarations were for Single dimensional arrays only!
6. Assignment of Arrays: Assigning an array basically means to set the
values of an array after its declaration. The assignment operator (=)
is used to assign the values to each index of an array and often a loop
is used to do the assignment of an array. The assignment of an array is
moreorless the same in all the programming languages.
For example(code in JAVA):
for (int i = 0; i < javaArray.length; i++)
{ javaArray[i] = i;
System.out.print(javaArray[i] + " ");
}
Initialization of Arrays: As the name suggests initialization means
setting the initial values to the array. It is the process of assigning
values to the array elements at the time of declaration itself. Similar
to assignment, initialization is simple and is moreorless the same in all the
programming languages.
7. Syntax: Datatype array_name [dimensions] = { element1, element2,
….,element N}
For example(code in JAVA):
{int a[]={33,3,4,5};
for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++)
System.out.println(a[i]);}
Accessing array Elements: Array elements can be accessed randomly by using
an integer index. Since we know, array index starts with 0 and goes till size of array
minus 1, specifying the required index value can help us access its value.
For example(code in JAVA):
int[] arr = new int[3];
arr[0] = 10;
arr[1] = 20;
arr[2] = 30;
System.out.println(arr[1]);
9. Single
Dimensional
Array
Single or One Dimensional array is used
to represent and store data in a linear
form. Array having only one subscript
variable is called One-Dimensional array
or 1-D array or Linear array.
Syntax: <data-type> <arrayname> [size];
For example:
int iarr[3] = {2, 3, 4};
char carr[20] = "c4learn";
float farr[3] = {12.5,13.5,14.5};
10. Multi-Dimensional
Array
Array having more than one subscript variable
is called Multi-Dimensional array. multi-
dimensional
Array is also called as Matrix. The most
common type of multi-dimensional arrays
are the 2D arrays.
The 2-D arrays are used to store data in the
form of table. They are also used to create
mathematical matrices and perform simple
arithmetical calculations.
Syntax: <data-type> <array_name>
[row_subscript][column-subscript];
11. 1. Declaration of Two Dimensional Array:
Syntax: datatype arrayName [ rowSize ] [ columnSize ] ;
For example: int matrix_A [2][3] ;
2. Initialization of Two Dimensional Array:
Syntax: Data type array Name [rows][colmns] =
{{r1c1value, r1c2value, ...},{r2c1, r2c2,...}...} ;
For example: int matrix_A [2][3] = { {1, 2, 3},{4, 5, 6} } ;
3. Accessing Individual Elements of Two Dimensional
Array:
Syntax: Array Name [ row Index ] [ column Index ]
For example: matrix [0][1] = 10 ;
12. Basic
Operations
• Traverse − print all the array
elements one by one.
• Insertion − Adds an element at the
given index.
• Deletion − Deletes an element at the
given index.
• Search − Searches an element using
the given index or by the value.
• Update − Updates an element at the
given index.