An array in Java is a group of variables of the same type that can store multiple values. Arrays are created using syntax like int[] arrayName = new int[size]; and values are assigned to elements in the array using indexes that start from 0. For example, an int array of size 4 could be initialized with values through arrayName[0]=1; arrayName[1]=22; etc. The document also provides a short Java program example to demonstrate printing the values of an int array.