Automating Windows Server 2008 R2 Administration with Windows PowerShell
- 1. Automating Windows Server 2008 R2 Administration with Windows PowerShell Aleksandar Nikolić, PowerShell MVP Twitter: @alexandair October 20, 2011
- 2. What is Windows PowerShell? • Not just a command-line shell • Not just a scripting language • An automation engine, an automation platform • Designed especially for system administration • Cmdlets – built-in PowerShell commands
- 3. Why Windows PowerShell? (1) • To automate administrative tasks • Manage the computers from the command-line • Access to file system, Registry, certificate store… • The Admin Development Model – An interactive shell -> quick and dirty scripting -> a formal production scripting • Based on the .NET Framework
- 4. Why Windows PowerShell? (2) • Consistency and discoverability • Standards-based management (WMI/CIM and WSMan) • Extensible (PowerShell modules/snap-ins) • Great help system • PowerShell vs. GUI PowerShell and GUI
- 5. How to get it? • Windows PowerShell v2 • Windows 7 and Server 2008 R2 – A part of the operating system – Server Core! (optional feature) • XP SP3, Vista SP2, Server 2003 SP2, and 2008 SP2 – Windows Management Framework (KB968929) – Windows Update and WSUS
- 6. Windows PowerShell in a Nutshell • Cmdlets (Verb-Noun) • PSProviders and PSDrives • Get-Help, Get-Command, Get-Member, Get-PSDrive • Pipeline • Sends objects down the pipeline • -WhatIf and –Confirm parameters
- 8. Automating Management Tasks • Standards-based management (WMI/CIM and WSMan) • Local and remote • PowerShell jobs • Task scheduling
- 9. Management Stack in PowerShell v2 Management DCOM DCOM WMI DCOM Providers Application Client Service Engine Providers WMI Server Default PowerShell WinRM WinRM PowerShell Manager WS-Management Endpoint PowerShell Remoting Client Service Console Custom PowerShell Endpoint
- 10. Standards-Based Management ion Communicat Pathway 0) rt 8 po p( htt Internet wsman.msft.net Managed Source Managed Source Management Station Management Station • Protocol: DMTF Standard Protocol: Web Services Management (WSMan) • Agent: The WinRM service in Windows implements the server role of the WSMan protocol. WMI implements the CIMOM. • Tool: WSMan cmdlets allow access to any device that complies with CIM and WSMan standards • Extensions: Microsoft extensions to WSMan enable PowerShell remoting (1-1, 1-many, many-1)
- 12. Extending Windows PowerShell • Think about MMC snap-ins • A set of related PowerShell functionalities • To package and deploy PowerShell functionalities • PSSnapins (v1+) – Get-PSSnapin –Registered – Quest AD cmdlets and VMware vSphere PowerCLI cmdlets • Modules (v2+) – Get-Module –ListAvailable – include cmdlets, providers, functions, variables, aliases
- 13. Built-in Modules Name Command to import module or add snap-in Active Directory Rights Management Services Import-Module ADRMS module for Windows PowerShell Application ID Policy Management module for Import-Module AppLocker Windows PowerShell Best Practice Analyzer module for Windows Import-Module BestPractices PowerShell Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) Import-Module BITSTransfer module for Windows PowerShell Server Manager module for Windows PowerShell Import-Module ServerManager Troubleshooting pack support Import-Module TroubleshootingPack
- 14. Name Required installed role or feature Command to import module or add snap-in Active Directory module for Windows PowerShell Requires installation of the Active Directory Domain Import-Module ActiveDirectory Services role Active Directory Rights Management Services Requires installation of the AD RMS role. Import-Module ADRMSAdmin administration module for Windows PowerShell Failover Clusters module for Windows PowerShell Requires installation of the Failover Clustering Import-Module FailoverClusters feature. Group Policy module for Windows PowerShell Requires installation of the Group Policy Import-Module GroupPolicy Management feature. Network Load Balancing Clusters module for Requires installation of the Network Load Balancing Import-Module NetworkLoadBalancingClusters Windows PowerShell feature. Remote Desktop Services module for Windows Requires installation of the Remote Desktop Import-Module RemoteDesktopServices PowerShell Services role. Server Migration module for Windows PowerShell Requires installation of the Windows Server Add-PSSnapin Migration Tools feature Microsoft.Windows.ServerManager.Migration Windows Backup snap-in for Windows PowerShell Requires installation of the Windows Server Backup Add-PSSnapin Windows.ServerBackup Features: Windows Server Backup and Command- line Tools. Internet Information Services (IIS) module for Requires installation of the Web Server (IIS) role Import-Module WebAdministration Windows PowerShell Web Services for Management (WS-Management) Requires installation of Web Services for Add-PSSnapin Microsoft.WSMan.Management Management (WS-Management) role
- 16. Further Reading Windows PowerShell in Action, Second Edition Bruce Payette http://www.manning.com/payette2/ Windows PowerShell Cookbook, Second Edition Lee Holmes http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596801519 Administrator's Guide to Windows PowerShell Remoting Dr. Tobias Weltner, Aleksandar Nikolic, Richard Giles http://powershell.com/cs/media/p/4908.aspx
- 17. Requirements • Windows PowerShell requires Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 SP1 • PowerShell ISE requires Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 • Out-GridView requires Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 • Get-WinEvent requires Vista or newer and Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 • Get-Counter and Import-Counter require Vista or newer • Export-Counter requires Windows 7
- 18. Microsoft Resources • Microsoft Windows PowerShell – http://www.microsoft.com/powershell • Windows PowerShell Team Blog – http://blogs.msdn.com/PowerShell • MS TechNet Script Center – http://www.microsoft.com/technet/scriptcenter/hubs/msh.mspx • PowerShell Forum – http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/winserverpowershell/ • Windows PowerShell Survival Guide – http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/windows- powershell-survival-guide.aspx
- 19. Community Resources • PowerShell Community – http://powershellcommunity.org • PowerShell Code Repository – http://poshcode.org • PowerShell.com Community – http://powershell.com • PowerGUI.org Community – http://powergui.org • PowerShell Magazine – http://powershellmagazine.com • irc.freenode.net #PowerShell
- 20. Thank you for your attention.
- 21. Openness and Interoperability @Microsoft Microsoft and Port25 Codeplex Open Source blogs from the platform resources for gateway for deeper community and the developers and exploration of open OSS Lab teams consumers of open source engagements http://Port25.technet.com source projects http://www.microsoft.com/ http://www.codeplex.com openness Interoperability Open Up Shared Source Bridges cross-Industry portal for technical collaborative Interoperability and programmatically works Standards activities sharing code http://www.interoperability http://www.microsoft.com/ http://www.microsoft.com/ bridges.com interop/openup sharedsource OData Open Spec BizSpark open source starter kit protocols, file formats, Program for Start-Up for Internet publishing of standards, technical companies from both Government datasets specifications commercial and open using the Open Data http://www.microsoft.com/ source backgrounds http://ogdisdk.cloudapp.net openspecifications http://www.microsoft.com/ bizspark How can I receive up-to-date Openness announcements from Microsoft? In addition to the websites above, you can receive regular updates to Microsoft’s openness, interoperability and standards efforts via the following channels: • http://blogs.technet.com/b/openness/ • http://blogs.msdn.com/b/interoperability/ • http://twitter.com/OpenAtMicrosoft • http://port25.technet.com • http://channel9.msdn.com/Blogs/Interoperability
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