Basic C Programming language
- 2. Overview § Computer System § Architecture of Computer System § Need of C Programming Language § History of C § Tokens in C
- 3. Computer System § Is a collection of related Components that have all been design to work together Smoothly § Bits and Byte § Use of Computer
- 4. Internal Architecture of Computer
- 6. Communication between User and Machine User want to interact with machine but machine only knows language in the form of 0’s and 1’s i.e. Bit (Binary Language) User Machine • So Binary language is also known as Machine level language but it is difficult to understand because it is in the form of bits. • So user want language that is close to user and we know it as High level language . • High level language is just like English language, all instructions are in friendly approach.
- 7. Need of Translator • Computer only understands Binary language and user only understands High level language. • So there are two types of translators 1)Compiler 2)Interpreter
- 8. Difference between Compiler and Interpreter Compiler Interpreter Compiler Takes Entire program as input Interpreter Takes Single instruction as input . Intermediate Object Code is Generated No Intermediate Object Code is Generated Conditional Control Statements are Executes faster Conditional Control Statements are Executes slower Memory Requirement : More (Since Object Code is Generated) Memory Requirement is Less Program need not be compiled every time Every time higher level program is converted into lower level program Errors are displayed after entire program is checked Errors are displayed for every instruction interpreted (if any) Example : C Compiler Example : BASIC 8
- 9. History of programming language low-level languages:- • Those are machine languages and machine- dependent. • Fully binary, and symbolic so not code efficient. • Such languages are- §Fortran §Algol 60 §Cobol §Basic §Simula 67 §Pascal
- 10. Need of C Language C is called as Middle level language. § Behaves as High Level Language through Functions - gives a modular programming § It gives access to the low level memory through Pointers § As its a combination of these two aspects, its neither a High Level nor a Low level language ,so C is Middle Level Language.
- 11. History of C Language • Developed at Bell Laboratories in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie. • Features were derived from earlier language called “B” (Basic Combined Programming Language – BCPL)which is developed by Ken Thompson in 1970’s. • Invented for implementing UNIX operating system
- 12. C Programming Basics Each language is made up of two parts, § Vocabulary § Grammar In programming language, § Vocabulary means Tokens § Grammar means Syntax
- 13. C Tokens – Basic buildings blocks which are constructed together to write a C program. – Identifiers – Variables – Constants – Character Set – Keywords – Data types – Operators
- 14. Identifier • Unique name given to identify units • E.g.int Num Num is identifier given to integer variable
- 15. Variable • Name given to the location in a memory which is used to hold the value. • The value of the C variable may get change in the program. • C variable can hold values like integer, float point, character etc. • E.g. Age, height etc.
- 16. Constant • Name given to the location in a memory which is used to hold the value . • Values can not be modified by the program once they are defined. • Constant might be belonging to any type like integer, float point, character etc. • E.g. Pi value=3.14
- 17. Character set C language have collection of different character set which contain Alphabets A-Z, a-z Digits 0-9 Special symbols !,@,#,$,%,^,&,*,(,),_,+,=,-
- 18. Keywords • Keywords are pre-defined words in a C compiler. • Also known as Reserved words. • Each keyword is meant to perform a specific function in a C program. • Since keywords are referred names for compiler, they can’t be used as variable name. • C language have 32 keywords.
- 19. Keywords
- 20. Datatypes
- 21. Range of Data type
- 22. Declaration of Variable Syntax- Data_type variable_name; • Integer data types: § Keyword int is used for declaring the variable with integer type. § For example: int var1; • Floating data types: § Variables of floating types can hold real values(numbers). § Keywords either float or double is used for declaring floating type variable. § For example: float var2; • Character types: § Keyword char is used for declaring the variable of character type. § For example: char var4='h';
- 23. Operators in C • Symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical operations. • Types of operators- § Arithmetic Operators § Relational Operators § Increment Operator § Decrement Operator § Logical Operators § Conditional Operator
- 24. Arithmetic Operators • Used to perform arithmetic operations. Operator Description Example(A=10,B=20) + Adds two operands A + B will give 30 - Subtracts second operand from the first A - B will give -10 * Multiplies both operands A * B will give 200 / Divides numerator by de-numerator B / A will give 2 % Modulus Operator and remainder of after an integer division B % A will give 0
- 25. Relational Operators Operator Description Example(A=10,B=20) == Checks two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true. (A == B) is not true. != Checks two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true. (A != B) is true. > Checks left operand is greater than right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (A > B) is not true. < Checks left operand is less than right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (A < B) is true. >= Checks left operand is greater than or equal to the right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (A >= B) is not true. <= Checks left operand is less than or equal to right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (A <= B) is true.
- 26. Logical Operators • They evaluate each operation result in terms of 0 and 1. • Logical Operators are three type as – AND- (&&) – OR-(||) – NOT-(!)
- 27. Increment Operator(++) • Increment operator increase the value of subsequent by 1. value may be increase according to the programmer. • Increment operator are two types as follows : – Post increment – Pre increment Post increment Pre increment A=10 B=A++ A=11 A=10 B=++A A=11 B=10 B=11
- 28. Decrement Operator(--) • Decrement operators decrease the value to one, two and so on. • Two type as, – Post decrement – Pre decrement Post Decrement Pre Decrement A=10 B=A-- A=9 A=10 B=--A A=9 B=10 B=9
- 29. Conditional Operator(?:) • Ternary operator • Syntax: condition ? result1 : result2 • If the condition is true, result1 is returned else result2 is returned.
- 30. Largest no among 3 no's using conditional Operator Max=(A>B) ? ((A>C)?A:C) : ((B>C)?B:C)
Editor's Notes
- #2: Summarize presentation content by restating the important points from the lessons. What do you want the audience to remember when they leave your presentation? Save your presentation to a video for easy distribution (To create a video, click the File tab, and then click Share. Under File Types, click Create a Video.) &lt;number&gt; 3/7/16
- #3: Summarize presentation content by restating the important points from the lessons. What do you want the audience to remember when they leave your presentation? Save your presentation to a video for easy distribution (To create a video, click the File tab, and then click Share. Under File Types, click Create a Video.) &lt;number&gt; 3/7/16
- #4: Summarize presentation content by restating the important points from the lessons. What do you want the audience to remember when they leave your presentation? Save your presentation to a video for easy distribution (To create a video, click the File tab, and then click Share. Under File Types, click Create a Video.) &lt;number&gt; 3/7/16
- #5: Summarize presentation content by restating the important points from the lessons. What do you want the audience to remember when they leave your presentation? Save your presentation to a video for easy distribution (To create a video, click the File tab, and then click Share. Under File Types, click Create a Video.) &lt;number&gt; 3/7/16
- #6: Summarize presentation content by restating the important points from the lessons. What do you want the audience to remember when they leave your presentation? Save your presentation to a video for easy distribution (To create a video, click the File tab, and then click Share. Under File Types, click Create a Video.) &lt;number&gt; 3/7/16