Basic concepts of object oriented programming
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This document provides an overview of basic concepts in object-oriented programming including objects, classes, data abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, binding, and message passing. Objects are run-time entities with state and behavior, while classes define the data and behavior for objects of a similar type. Encapsulation binds data and functions within a class, while inheritance allows new classes to acquire properties of existing classes. Polymorphism enables one function to perform different tasks. Binding determines how function calls are linked, and message passing allows objects to communicate by sending requests.
Basic concepts of object oriented programming
- 1. Basic Concepts of Object- Oriented Programming • Objects • Classes • Data Abstraction • Encapsulation • Data Hiding • Inheritance • Over Loading • Polymorphism • Binding • Message Passing
- 2. Objects • Objects are the basic run-time entities in object- oriented system. An Object is an entity that has state, behaviour and identity. There are many objects around us. • E.g. A computer mouse, is an object. It is considered an object with state and behaviour. Its states would be its colour, size and brand name and its behaviour would be left-click, right- click.
- 3. Classes • A class is an entity that helps the programmer to define a new complex data type. Objects are the variables of type class. A class defines the data and behaviour of objects. In simple words, A class is a collection of objects of similar type. • E.g. mango, apple and orange are members of the class fruit.
- 4. Data Abstraction • Data Abstraction refers to the act of re- presenting essential features without including the back-ground details. It is concerned with separating the behaviour of a data object from its re-presentation. • E.g. Executable file of a program.
- 5. Encapsulation • The process of binding data members and functions in a class is known as, encapsulation. Encapsulation is the powerful feature (concept) of object-oriented programming. With the help of this concept, data is not accessible to the outside world and only those functions which are declared in the class, can access it.
- 6. Data Hiding • Data Hiding is similar to encapsulation. Basically, encapsulating data members and functions in a class promotes data hiding. This concept will help us to provide the essential features to the users and hide the details. In short, encapsulating through private access modifier (label) is known as data hiding.
- 7. InherIitance • Inheritance is a process by which objects of new class acquire the properties of objects of existing (base) class. It is in hierarchical order. The concept of inheritance provides the idea of reusability. This means that we can add additional features to an existing class without modifying it.
- 8. Over-Loading • Object-Oriented Programming also provides a facility to extend the meaning of available functions and operators. Assigning an extra meaning to an existing operator or a function is known as Over-Loading.
- 9. Polymorphism • Polymorphism is an important object-oriented programming concept. This is a greek term, means the ability to take more than one form. The process of making an operator to show different behaviours in different instances is known as operator-overloading. Using a single function name to perform different types of tasks is known as function-overloading.
- 10. Binding • Binding refers to the linking of a procedure call to the code (its body) to be executed in response to the call. In Object-Oriented Programming, Binding is of two types : • Static Binding : Linking of a function call to its body at the compile time is known as static binding. It is also known as early binding. • Dynamic Binding : Linking of a function call to its body during run-time is known as static binding. It is also known as late binding.
- 11. Message Passing In Object-Oriented Programming, objects communicate with one-another by sending and receiving information much the same way as people send messages to one- another. A message for an object is a request for execution of a procedure (function) and therefor will invoke (call) a function in the receiving object that generates the desired result. Message Passing involves specifying the name of the object, the name of the function and the information to be send.
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