Basics of c programming cit r.sandhiya

Basics of C Programming
R.SANDHIYA,
AP/CIT

DERIVED DATA TYPE
• Array:
collection of similar data-type
• Pointer:
C Pointer is a special variable that can be used to store
address of another variable.
2

ENUMERATED DATA TYPE (ENUM)
▪ user defined data type having finite set of
enumeration constants.
▪ keyword used 'enum'
▪ Enumeration data type -named integer constants
as a list.
▪ starts with 0 (zero) by default and value is
incremented by 1 for the sequential identifiers in the
list. 3

▪ Syntax:
Enum [datatype] {const1, const2… constn};
▪ Example:
enum month { Jan, Feb, Mar };
▪ /* Jan, Feb and Mar variables will be assigned to 0, 1
and 2 respectivelyby default */
4

enum month { Jan = 1, Feb, Mar };
▪ /* Feb and Mar variables will be assigned to 2 and 3
respectively by default */
enum month { Jan = 20, Feb, Mar };
▪ /* Jan is assigned to 20. Feb and Mar variables will
be assigned to 21 and 22 respectively by default */
5

TYPEDEF DATA TYPE
 It is used to create new data type.
 commonly used to change existing datatype with
another name.
 Syntax:
typedef [datatype] newdatatype;
 Example:
typedef int integer;
integer rollno;
6

STRUCTURE DATA TYPE
 collection of different data types which are grouped
together
 each element in a C structure is called member.
7

 Example:
struct student
{
int rollno;
Char name[20];
Char city[20];
}
8

Declaring a variable as constant
Eg: const int classsize = 40;
 This tells the compiler that the value of the int
variable classsize must not be modified by the
program.
9

Declaring a variable as volatile
 By declaring a variable as volatile, its value may be
changed at any time by some external source.
 Eg: volatile int date;
10

OPERATORS OF C
• C supports a rich set of operators.
• Operators are used in programs to manipulate data and
variables.
• forms a part of the mathematical of logical expressions.
• Categories.
1. Arithmetic operators
2. Relational operators
3. Logical operators
4. Assignment operators
5. Increment and Decrement operators
6. Conditional operators
7. Bitwise operators
8. Special operators

ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
Eg: 1) a-b 2) a+b 3) a*b 4) p%q
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Modulo

Integer Arithmetic
 When both the operands in a single arithmetic expression are integers,
the expression is called an integer expression , and the operation is
called integer arithmetic.
 During modulo division the sign of the result is always the sign of the first
operand.
-14 % 3 = -2
-14 % -3 = -2
14 % -3 = 2

Real Arithmetic
• An arithmetic operation involving only real operands
is called real arithmetic.
• If x and y are floats then we will have:
1) x = 6.0 / 7.0 = 0.857143
2) y = 1.0 / 3.0 = 0.333333
 The operator % cannot be used with real operands

Mixed-mode Arithmetic
 When one of the operands is real and the other is
integer, the expression is called a mixed-mode
arithmetic expression and its result is always a real
number.
eg: 1) 15 / 10.0 = 1.5

RELATIONAL OPERATORS
• Comparisons can be done with the help of
relational operators.
• The expression containing a relational operator
is termed as a relational expression.
• The value of a relational expression is either one
or zero

Operator Meaning
< Less than
<= Less than or equal to
> Greater than
>= Greater than or equal to
== Equal to
!= Not equal to
RELATIONAL OPERATORS

LOGICAL OPERATORS
• C has the following three logical operators.
OPERATOR DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
&& AND X=9,Y=8
X<10 && Y >0
Returns TRUE
|| OR x=9, y=x==5 || y == 5
! NOT

19
Thanks!
You can find me at:
▪ rsandhiya@cit.edu.in

Basics of c programming cit r.sandhiya

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