Basics of html for web development by software outsourcing company india

iFour ConsultancyHTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)

Introduction To HTML
 What Is HTML?
• HTML is a markup language for describing web pages.
• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language, a language with set of markup tags.
• HTML documents are described by HTML tags.
• Each HTML tag describes different document content.
•A markup language is a set of markup tags
•A markup language is a set of markup tags
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Creating HTML Pages
 An HTML file must have an .htm or .html file extension
 HTML files can be created with text editors:
• NotePad, NotePad ++, PSPad
 Or HTML editors (WYSIWYG Editors):
• Microsoft FrontPage
• Macromedia Dreamweaver
• Netscape Composer
• Microsoft Word
• Visual Studio

HTML Structure
HTML is comprised of “elements” and “tags”
• Begins with <html> and ends with </html>
Elements (tags) are nested one inside another:
Tags have attributes:
HTML describes structure using two main sections:
<head> and <body>
<html> <head></head> <body></body> </html>
<img src="logo.jpg" alt="logo" />

HTML Code Formatting
The HTML source code should be formatted to increase
readability and facilitate debugging.
• Every block element should start on a new line.
• Every nested (block) element should be indented.
• Browsers ignore multiple whitespaces in the page source, so
formatting is harmless.
For performance reasons, formatting can be sacrificed

First HTML Page
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>My First HTML Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This is some text...</p>
</body>
</html>
Test.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
First HTML Page: Tags
Opening tag
Closing tag
 An HTML element consists of an opening tag, a closing tag and the content
inside.

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
First HTML Page: Header
HTML header

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
First HTML Page: Body
HTML body
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Some Simple Tags
Hyperlink Tags
Image Tags
Text formatting tags
<a href="http://www.telerik.com/"
title="Telerik">Link to Telerik Web site</a>
<img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" />
This text is <em>emphasized.</em>
<br />new line<br />
This one is <strong>more emphasized.</strong>

Tags Attributes
 Tags can have attributes
• Attributes specify properties and behavior
• Example:
 Few attributes can apply to every element:
• Id, style, class, title
• The id is unique in the document
• Content of title attribute is displayed as hint when the
element is hovered with the mouse
• Some elements have obligatory attributes
<img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" />
Attribute alt with value "logo"

Headings and Paragraphs
Heading Tags (h1 – h6)
Paragraph Tags
Sections: div and span
<p>This is my first paragraph</p>
<p>This is my second paragraph</p>
<h1>Heading 1</h1>
<h2>Sub heading 2</h2>
<h3>Sub heading 3</h3>
<div style="background: skyblue;">
This is a div</div>

The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
HTML documents must start with a document type
definition (DTD)
• It tells web browsers what type is the served code
• Possible versions: HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0 (Transitional or
Strict), XHTML 1.1, HTML 5
Example:
• See http://w3.org/QA/2002/04/valid-dtd-list.html for a list of
possible doctypes
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

The <head> Section
 Contains information that doesn’t show directly on the viewable page
 Starts after the <!doctype> declaration
 Begins with <head> and ends with </head>
 Contains mandatory single <title> tag
 Can contain some other tags, e.g.
• <meta>
• <script>
• <style>
• <!–- comments -->

<head> Section: <title> tag
 Title should be placed between <head> and </head> tags
 Used to specify a title in the window title bar
 Search engines and people rely on titles
<title>iFour consultancy – Sustainable Solution
</title>

The <body> Section
The <body> section describes the viewable portion of the page
Starts after the <head> </head> section
Begins with <body> and ends with </body>
<html>
<head><title>Test page</title></head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

<b></b> bold
<i></i> italicized
<u></u> underlined
<sup></sup> Samplesuperscript
<sub></sub> Samplesubscript
<strong></strong> strong
<em></em> emphasized
<pre></pre> Preformatted text
<blockquote></blockquote> Quoted text block
<del></del> Deleted text – strike through
Text Formatting
 Text formatting tags modify the text between the opening tag and the closing tag
• Ex. <b>Hello</b> makes “Hello” bold

Hyperlinks: <a> Tag
 Link to a document called form.html on the same server in the
same directory:
 Link to a document called parent.html on the same server in the
parent directory:
 Link to a document called cat.html on the same server in the
subdirectory stuff:
<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a>
<a href="../parent.html">Parent</a>
<a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a>

 Inserting an image with <img> tag:
 Image attributes:
 Example:
Images: <img> tag
src Location of image file (relative or absolute)
alt Substitute text for display (e.g. in text mode)
height Number of pixels of the height
width Number of pixels of the width
border Size of border, 0 for no border
<img src="/img/basd-logo.png">
<img src="./php.png" alt="PHP Logo" />
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Block and Inline Elements
Block elements add a line break before and after them
• <div> is a block element
• Other block elements are <table>, <hr>, headings, lists, <p> and etc.
Inline elements don’t break the text before and after them
• <span> is an inline element
• Most HTML elements are inline, e.g. <a>

The <div> Tag
 <div> creates logical divisions within a page
 Block style element
 Used with CSS
 Example:
<div style="font-size:24px; color:red">DIV
example</div>
<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-
weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>
div-and-span.html

The <span> Tag
 Inline style element
 Useful for modifying a specific portion of text
• Don't create a separate area (paragraph) in the
document
 Very useful with CSS
<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-
weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>
<p>This one is another <span style="font-size:32px;
font-weight:bold">TEST</span>.</p>
span.html

HTML Tables
 Tables represent tabular data
• A table consists of one or several rows
• Each row has one or more columns
 Tables comprised of several core tags:
• <table></table>: begin / end the table
• <tr></tr>: create a table row
• <td></td>: create tabular data (cell)
 Tables should not be used for layout. Use CSS floats and positioning styles instead

Form Fields
Single-line text input fields:
Multi-line textarea fields:
Hidden fields contain data not shown to the user:
• Often used by JavaScript code
<input type="text" name="FirstName" value="This
is a text field" />
<textarea name="Comments">This is a multi-line
text field</textarea>
<input type="hidden" name="Account" value="This
is a hidden text field" />

 HTML is the universal markup language for the Web.
 HTML lets you format text, add graphics, create links, input forms, frames and
tables, etc., and save it all in a text file that any browser can read and display.
 The key to HTML is the tags, which indicates what content is coming up.
HTML Summary

Thank you
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Basics of html for web development by software outsourcing company india

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