Block cipher modes of operations
- 1. BLOCK CIPHER MODES OF OPERATION BY, AKASH RANJAN DAS 5TH SEMESTER B-TECH COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR
- 2. AGENDA β’ Block Ciphers βͺ What is Block Cipher? βͺ Block Cipher Modes of Operation βͺ When we use Block Cipher Modes of Operation? β’ Electronic Code Book βͺ Introduction βͺ Electronic Code Book Encryption and Decryption Process βͺ Electronic Code Book Encryption and Decryption Algorithm βͺ Example βͺ Security Issues β’ Cipher Block Chaining Mode βͺ Introduction βͺ Encryption and decryption in CBC mode βͺ Cipher block chaining mode algorithm βͺ Security Issues
- 4. WHAT IS BLOCK CIPHER? In cryptography, block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks, with an unvarying transformation that is specified by a symmetric key. 01 A block cipher algorithm is a basic building block for providing data security. 02 To apply a block cipher in a variety of applications, five βmodes of operationβ are defined by NIST. 03
- 5. BLOCK CIPHER MODES OF OPERATION β’ NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology defined the following block cipher modes of operation. 1. Electronic code book. 2. Cipher Chaining Block 3. Cipher Feedback Mode 4. Output Feedback Mode 5. Counter Mode
- 6. WHEN WE USE BLOCK CIPHER MODES OF OPERATION? Block Cipher only allow to encrypt entire blocks. What if our message is longer/ shorter than the block size? Algorithms that exploit a block cipher to provide a service (e.g. confidentiality)
- 8. ELECTRONIC CODE BOOK ECB is the simplest mode of operation. The plain text is divided into N blocks. The block size is n bits. If the plaintext size is not multiple of block size, the text is padded to make the last block the same size as the other blocks. Same key is used to encrypt and decrypt each block.
- 9. ELECTRONIC CODE BOOK ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION PROCESS
- 10. ELECTRONIC CODE BOOK ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION ALGORITHM
- 11. ELECTRONIC CODEBOOK ENCRYPTION EXAMPLE
- 12. ELECTRONIC CODEBOOK SECURITY ISSUES Patterns at the block level are preserved For example: Equal blocks in the plain text become equal block in the cipher text. If any person finds out the cipher text block 1, 5 and 10 are the same, that person knows the plaintext blocks 1, 5 and 10 are the same. This is a leak in security
- 13. CIPHER BLOCK CHAINING MODE
- 14. CIPHER BLOCK CHAINING MODE IBM invented the Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode of operation in 1976. In CBC mode, each block of plaintext is XORed with the previous cipher text block being encrypted. This way, each cipher text block depends on all plaintext blocks processed up to that point. To make each message unique, an initialization vector must be used in the first block.
- 15. WHAT IS AN INITIALIZATION VECTOR? An initialization vector (IV) or starting variable is a block of bits that is used by several modes to randomize the encryption and hence to produce distinct cipher texts even if the same plain text is encrypted multiple times, without the need for a slower re-keying process. An initialization vector has different security requirements than a key, so the IV usually does not need to be secret. However, in most cases, it is important that an initialization vector is never reused under the same key.
- 16. ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION IN CBC MODE
- 17. CIPHER BLOCK CHAINING MODE ALGORITHM
- 18. CIPHER BLOCK CHAINING MODE SECURITY ISSUES The patterns at the block level are not preserved. In CBC mode, equal plain text block belonging to the same message are enciphered into different cipher text block. However, if two message are equal, their encipherment is the same if they use the same IV. As a matter of fact, if the first M blocks in two different message are equal, they are enciphered into equal blocks unless different IVs are used. For this reason, some people recommended the use of time-stamp as an IV. Any person can add some cipher text blocks to the end of the cipher text stream.
- 19. THANK YOU