Buffer cache unix ppt Mrs.Sowmya Jyothi

Dec 28, 20202 likes765 views

The buffer cache stores recently accessed disk blocks in memory to reduce disk I/O. When a process requests data from a file, the kernel checks if the data is already cached in memory before accessing the disk. If cached, the data is returned directly from memory. If not cached, the data is read from disk into the cache. The buffer cache is managed as a pool using structures like a free list and buffer headers to track cached blocks. Caching recently used data in memory improves performance by reducing disk access frequency.

Education

Most read

This document discusses different memory management techniques used in operating systems. It begins by describing the basic components and functions of memory. It then explains various memory management algorithms like overlays, swapping, paging and segmentation. Overlays divide a program into instruction sets that are loaded and unloaded as needed. Swapping loads entire processes into memory for execution then writes them back to disk. Paging and segmentation are used to map logical addresses to physical addresses through page tables and segment tables respectively. The document compares advantages and limitations of these approaches.

Disk structureShareb Ismaeel

The document discusses the physical and logical structures of disk storage, including hard disks, floppy disks, and other storage technologies. Key concepts include disk geometry, tracks, sectors, clusters, and the logical organization of disks into components like the Master Boot Record (MBR), DOS Boot Record (DBR), File Allocation Table (FAT), root directory, and data area. Understanding these structures is essential for describing how information is stored and managed on hard drives.

DBMS - RAIDMythiliMurugan3

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) connects multiple disks together to increase performance and reliability. It provides increased I/O throughput, data redundancy if a disk fails, and allows data to be restored. The main RAID levels are: RAID 0 uses disk striping for performance but no redundancy; RAID 1 uses mirroring for 100% redundancy; RAID 5 uses disk striping with parity data distributed across all disks. Higher RAID levels like RAID 6 provide even more fault tolerance. The best RAID level depends on performance and reliability needs.

Demand pagingSwaroopSorte

Demand paging is a memory management technique that allows non-contiguous allocation of physical memory by only loading pages into memory when demanded by a process, contrasting with full swapping. Advantages include reduced loading latency and better memory utilization, while disadvantages involve increased latency for initial page access and potential security risks. The technique is facilitated by a page table that maps logical to physical memory and tracks page validity.

Directory structuresangrampatil81

- Directory structures organize files in a storage system and contain metadata about each file's name, location, size, and type. They allow operations like creating, searching, deleting, listing, and renaming files. - Early systems used single-level directories with one list of all files, but this does not allow multiple files with the same name or grouping of files. - Modern systems commonly use tree-structured directories that allow nesting files into subdirectories, making searching more efficient and allowing grouping of similar files. Directories can also be connected in acyclic graphs to enable sharing of files between directories through links.

File system structuresangrampatil81

The document discusses the structure of file systems. It explains that a file system provides mechanisms for storing and accessing files and data. It uses a layered approach, with each layer responsible for specific tasks related to file management. The logical file system contains metadata and verifies permissions and paths. It maps logical file blocks to physical disk blocks using a file organization module, which also manages free space. The basic file system then issues I/O commands to access those physical blocks via device drivers, with I/O controls handling interrupts.

OS - Process ConceptsMukesh Chinta

The document provides an extensive overview of process concepts in operating systems, defining processes as instances of computer programs that execute various states such as new, ready, running, waiting, and terminated. It details the organization of process memory, the roles of process control blocks, and the mechanics of process scheduling, creation, and termination, with emphasis on how modern systems support multiple threads to enhance multitasking. Additionally, it covers interprocess communication methods, including message passing and shared memory, as well as the producer-consumer problem as a case study of cooperating processes.

Demand pagingTrinity Dwarka

The document discusses virtual memory systems, focusing on concepts like demand paging, page replacement, and allocation of page frames to optimize memory usage. It explains various algorithms for page replacement, such as FIFO, LRU, and their performance implications, as well as frame allocation strategies. Additionally, it highlights the issue of thrashing when there are inadequate pages and introduces the working-set model to manage page faults effectively.

Distributed Operating System_1Dr Sandeep Kumar Poonia

The document provides a comprehensive overview of distributed operating systems, covering topics such as design goals, inter-process communication, and synchronization methods. It outlines various operating system types, including mainframe, time-sharing, and real-time systems, alongside their features and management functions. Key concepts like process management, memory management, and networking are discussed in the context of their roles within operating systems, supported by specific examples and architectural considerations.

Os Swapping, Paging, Segmentation and Virtual Memorysgpraju

The document outlines a lecture plan on memory management concepts in operating systems, including topics such as swapping, paging, segmentation, and various page replacement algorithms. It details the mechanisms for memory allocation, fragmentation, demand paging, and architecture specifics like base and limit registers as well as page tables. Additionally, it covers practical implementations in operating systems such as Unix, Linux, and Windows, including their strategies for managing memory effectively.

11. Storage and File Structure in DBMSkoolkampus

The document discusses various types of physical storage media used in databases, including their characteristics and performance measures. It covers volatile storage like cache and main memory, and non-volatile storage like magnetic disks, flash memory, optical disks, and tape. It describes how magnetic disks work and factors that influence disk performance like seek time, rotational latency, and transfer rate. Optimization techniques for disk block access like file organization and write buffering are also summarized.

Memory managementCHANDERPRABHU JAIN COLLEGE OF HIGHER STUDIES & SCHOOL OF LAW

The document provides an extensive overview of memory management techniques, including swapping, contiguous memory allocation, paging, and segmentation. It covers key concepts such as logical vs. physical address spaces, address binding methods, dynamic loading, and linking, along with hardware implementation like the memory-management unit (MMU) and page tables. The Intel Pentium's architecture, which supports both segmentation and paging, is highlighted as an example of these principles in action.

file system in operating systemtittuajay

The document discusses different aspects of file systems and file structures. It describes files as collections of data that have long-term existence, can be shared between processes, and organized hierarchically. File systems provide storage for files and functions to manipulate them, maintaining attributes. Common file structures include sequential, indexed sequential, and direct/hashed files. The document also outlines the components of a file system software architecture and operations performed on directories.

Kernel I/O subsystemAtiKa Bhatti

File access methods.54myrajendra

This document discusses different file access methods, including sequential access and direct access. Sequential access reads or writes data in order from beginning to end, using a file pointer to keep track of position. Direct access allows reading and writing records in any order by record number. Other access methods build on direct access using an index table to directly access specific records by searching the index. Applications of each method and how direct access can simulate sequential access are also covered.

SUN Network File system - Design, Implementation and Experience aniadkar

The document discusses the design, implementation, and experiences surrounding the Sun Network File System (NFS), highlighting its objectives such as access and location transparency, consistency, and fault tolerance. It covers NFS architecture, including server and client functions, and addresses challenges like authentication, caching, and performance issues. Key features of NFS versions, particularly NFS v3 and v4, are outlined, along with notable optimizations and limitations.

8 memory management strategiesDr. Loganathan R

The document discusses different memory management strategies: - Swapping allows processes to be swapped temporarily out of memory to disk, then back into memory for continued execution. This improves memory utilization but incurs long swap times. - Contiguous memory allocation allocates processes into contiguous regions of physical memory using techniques like memory mapping and dynamic storage allocation with first-fit or best-fit. This can cause external and internal fragmentation over time. - Paging permits the physical memory used by a process to be noncontiguous by dividing memory into pages and mapping virtual addresses to physical frames, allowing more efficient use of memory but requiring page tables for translation.

Memory managementMuhammad Fayyaz

The document discusses various aspects of memory management in operating systems, detailing concepts such as memory hierarchy, memory management units (MMUs), and techniques like paging and segmentation. It explores how memory is organized, managed, and allocated, along with specific algorithms for tracking free memory blocks and handling data segments. Additionally, it highlights the importance of segment tables, dynamic allocation, and the challenges of fragmentation in memory management.

Monolithic kernelARAVIND18MCS1004

This document discusses monolithic kernels. It defines a kernel as the core component of an operating system that controls processes, memory management, I/O devices, and acts as an interface between hardware and applications. A monolithic kernel runs all basic system services like process management and I/O communication within the kernel space. While monolithic kernels provide rich hardware access and fast execution, they are difficult to maintain and debug due to their large size and lack of modularity.

DmaPiyush Rochwani

Direct Memory Access (DMA) allows for the direct transfer of data between memory and I/O devices without intervention from the CPU. A DMA controller handles the transfer, freeing up the CPU to perform other tasks. The DMA controller connects the I/O device, memory, and system buses, initiating transfers when instructed by the CPU and notifying the CPU upon completion through interrupts. This improves system performance by bypassing the CPU for large data transfers between memory and I/O.

Operating system memory managementrprajat007

Memory management is an operating system function that handles primary memory allocation and tracks both used and free memory. It incorporates mechanisms like dynamic loading and linking, logical vs. physical address spaces, and techniques such as swapping and fragmentation. Various allocation strategies, including single-partition and multiple-partition allocation, along with paging and segmentation, are employed to optimize memory usage and mitigate fragmentation.

Operating system 32 logical versus physical addressVaibhav Khanna

The document discusses memory management in operating systems, detailing how programs are loaded into memory and the distinction between logical and physical addresses. It explains address binding at various stages (compile time, load time, execution time) and the role of the memory management unit (MMU) in mapping logical addresses to physical ones. Additionally, it covers concepts such as dynamic linking and dynamic relocation for efficient memory usage.

Linux file systemMd. Tanvir Hossain

The document discusses Linux file systems. It describes that Linux uses a hierarchical tree structure with everything treated as a file. It explains the basic components of a file system including the boot block, super block, inode list, and block list. It then covers different types of file systems for Linux like ext2, ext3, ext4, FAT32, NTFS, and network file systems like NFS and SMB. It also discusses absolute vs relative paths and mounting and unmounting filesystems using the mount and umount commands.

Operating system Memory management Shashank Asthana

The document discusses various memory management techniques used by operating systems including memory allocation, paging, segmentation, virtual memory and page replacement algorithms. It provides details on how operating systems manage processes in memory using techniques like memory mapping, context switching, swapping and fragmentation handling. Various address translation mechanisms like logical, physical and virtual addresses are also summarized along with common page replacement algorithms like FIFO, LRU, OPT and their working.

Backup & restore in windowsJab Vtl

The document discusses backup and recovery solutions for Windows, outlining the importance of data protection for recovery during disasters, data migration, and version control. It details various backup methodologies, including full, differential, incremental, and mirror backups, as well as specific utilities like NTBackup and Windows Server Backup, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it introduces System Center Data Protection Manager 2010 as an enterprise backup solution, while addressing key metrics such as Recovery Point Objective (RPO) and Recovery Time Objective (RTO).

directory structure and file system mountingrajshreemuthiah

This document discusses directory structures and file system mounting in operating systems. It describes several types of directory structures including single-level, two-level, hierarchical, tree, and acyclic graph structures. It notes that directories organize files in a hierarchical manner and that mounting makes storage devices available to the operating system by reading metadata about the filesystem. Mounting attaches an additional filesystem to the currently accessible filesystem, while unmounting disconnects the filesystem.

File Management – File Concept, access methods, File types and File OperationDhrumil Panchal

El documento presenta conceptos sobre la gestión de archivos, incluyendo métodos de acceso, tipos de archivos y operaciones de archivos. Se diferencian entre el acceso secuencial y aleatorio, destacando que los archivos de acceso aleatorio son esenciales para aplicaciones como sistemas de bases de datos. También se explican los tipos de archivos, como archivos ASCII y binarios, y las operaciones comunes en la gestión de archivos, como crear, abrir, leer y eliminar archivos.

Memory management in linuxDr. C.V. Suresh Babu

The Linux kernel tracks each process's memory usage through data structures stored in the process's task_struct. The mm_struct stored there contains pointers to vm_area_struct objects representing each memory mapping. When a process calls malloc(), the kernel allocates physical pages and updates the process's mm_struct and vm_area_structs to map the new memory region into its virtual address space. Similarly when a process forks, the child process inherits copies of the parent's mm_struct and vm_area_structs, giving it the same memory mappings while keeping the two processes' memory private.

File Management in Operating Systemsvampugani

The document discusses input/output (I/O) and file management in operating systems. It covers several key topics: 1) I/O devices are controlled by the OS and include input devices like keyboards and output devices like monitors. Files are managed through a logical, uniform view abstracted from physical storage properties. 2) A file is a collection of related information defined by its creator, such as programs, data, text, or formatted records. File management involves creation, deletion, mapping to storage, and backup. 3) The OS implements I/O buffering and caching to improve performance and address speed mismatches between devices. It also performs disk scheduling and structures file storage through directories, indexing,

Record storage and primary file organizationJafar Nesargi

This document discusses record storage and primary file organization in databases. It describes how data is stored physically on storage media like primary storage (RAM) and secondary storage (disks, tapes). Disks allow random access of data blocks through addressing of cylinders, tracks, and blocks, while tapes only allow sequential access. The document discusses buffering of blocks to improve performance of reading and writing multiple blocks from disks. It also describes how records containing fields of data are placed and organized on disk storage.

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Distributed Operating System_1Dr Sandeep Kumar Poonia

Os Swapping, Paging, Segmentation and Virtual Memorysgpraju

11. Storage and File Structure in DBMSkoolkampus

Memory managementCHANDERPRABHU JAIN COLLEGE OF HIGHER STUDIES & SCHOOL OF LAW

file system in operating systemtittuajay

Kernel I/O subsystemAtiKa Bhatti

File access methods.54myrajendra

SUN Network File system - Design, Implementation and Experience aniadkar

8 memory management strategiesDr. Loganathan R

Memory managementMuhammad Fayyaz

Monolithic kernelARAVIND18MCS1004

DmaPiyush Rochwani

Operating system memory managementrprajat007

Operating system 32 logical versus physical addressVaibhav Khanna

Linux file systemMd. Tanvir Hossain

Operating system Memory management Shashank Asthana

Backup & restore in windowsJab Vtl

directory structure and file system mountingrajshreemuthiah

File Management – File Concept, access methods, File types and File OperationDhrumil Panchal

Memory management in linuxDr. C.V. Suresh Babu

Distributed Operating System_1Dr Sandeep Kumar Poonia

Os Swapping, Paging, Segmentation and Virtual Memorysgpraju

11. Storage and File Structure in DBMSkoolkampus

Memory managementCHANDERPRABHU JAIN COLLEGE OF HIGHER STUDIES & SCHOOL OF LAW

file system in operating systemtittuajay

Kernel I/O subsystemAtiKa Bhatti

File access methods.54myrajendra

SUN Network File system - Design, Implementation and Experience aniadkar

8 memory management strategiesDr. Loganathan R

Memory managementMuhammad Fayyaz

Monolithic kernelARAVIND18MCS1004

DmaPiyush Rochwani

Operating system memory managementrprajat007

Operating system 32 logical versus physical addressVaibhav Khanna

Linux file systemMd. Tanvir Hossain

Operating system Memory management Shashank Asthana

Backup & restore in windowsJab Vtl

directory structure and file system mountingrajshreemuthiah

File Management – File Concept, access methods, File types and File OperationDhrumil Panchal

Memory management in linuxDr. C.V. Suresh Babu

Similar to Buffer cache unix ppt Mrs.Sowmya Jyothi (20)

File Management in Operating Systemsvampugani

Record storage and primary file organizationJafar Nesargi

m+storeMemory storageOwen Funnell

This document provides an overview of computer memory and storage topics covered in a BTEC Level 3 IT course. It discusses the differences between memory and storage, types of memory including RAM, ROM, and cache. It also covers various storage devices like hard disk drives, solid state drives, optical drives, and flash memory. Hard drive components like cylinders, heads, and sectors are explained. Partitioning, formatting, file systems, RAID, and differences between HDDs and SSDs are also summarized.

AOS Lab 9: File system -- Of buffers, logs, and blocksZubair Nabi

The document describes the file system layers in xv6, including the buffer cache, logging, and on-disk layout. The buffer cache synchronizes access to disk blocks and caches popular blocks in memory. The logging layer ensures atomicity by wrapping file system updates in transactions written to a log on disk before writing to the file system structures. The on-disk layout divides the disk into sections for the boot sector, superblock, inodes, bitmap, data blocks, and log blocks.

Cache Memory.pptRaihanAhmed65

Cache memory is a small, high-speed memory located between the CPU and main memory that stores frequently accessed data. It improves performance by allowing the CPU to access data more quickly than from main memory. There are three levels of cache memory - L1 cache is the fastest and closest to the CPU, typically ranging from 8-64KB in size. L2 cache is larger but slower than L1, acting as a buffer between L1 and main memory. L3 cache is the largest but slowest cache, built into the motherboard to feed the L2 cache and act as a buffer between L2 and main memory, typically having over 3MB of storage.

Database Indexing and Tuning.pdf DDBMSderntean5

Cache memory IndrajaMeghavathula

Cache memory is a fast memory located close to the CPU that stores copies of frequently accessed data from main memory. There are typically three levels of cache memory (L1, L2, L3) with L1 being the fastest but smallest cache located inside the CPU and L3 being the largest but slowest cache located on the motherboard. Cache memory works by checking the cache first for requested data and retrieving it if found, otherwise loading the data from main memory and storing a copy in cache for future fast access.

Cache coherence pptArendraSingh2

This document discusses cache coherence in single and multiprocessor systems. It provides techniques to avoid inconsistencies between cache and main memory including write-through, write-back, and instruction caching. For multiprocessors, it discusses issues with sharing writable data, process migration, and I/O activity. Software solutions involve compiler and OS management while hardware uses coherence protocols like snoopy and directory protocols.

CS 6413 OPERATING SYSTEM LABORATORY.pptxsnehapriya84

The document outlines the objectives and experiments for an operating systems laboratory course, focused on shell programming, system calls in C, CPU scheduling, and file system management. Key experiments include implementing CPU scheduling algorithms, file allocation strategies, semaphores, and deadlock avoidance and detection algorithms. The course aims to equip students with practical skills in Unix commands, process creation, inter-process communication, and various memory management techniques, including paging and threading.

kerch04.pptKalimuthuVelappan

This document summarizes key aspects of the Linux kernel's memory management system, including: 1) It describes the virtual address space for a process, including user/kernel segments, virtual memory areas, and system calls like brk for dynamic memory allocation. 2) It explains the block device caching system using buffer lists to cache blocks in memory. 3) It outlines the page cache and management, including finding free pages and handling page faults.

Root file systemBindu U

The root file system is critical for system operation, containing essential files and directories necessary for booting and mounting other file systems. The document details various directory structures within the root file system, explaining their purposes, and also covers the file allocation table (FAT) and extended file system (ext2, ext3, and ext4) features. Additionally, it discusses the UBI file system and BusyBox, a lightweight toolset for managing Linux utilities.

Introduction to filesystems and computer forensicsMayank Chaudhari

The document provides an overview of filesystems and computer forensics, detailing what constitutes a file and filesystem, as well as common examples and their management aspects. It explains the FAT filesystem architecture, including its components and boot processes, while addressing the importance of computer forensics in legal contexts and outlining the phases of forensic investigations. Techniques such as cross-drive analysis, live analysis, and recovering deleted files are discussed to illustrate methods used in forensic examinations.

Cache memoryAnuj Modi

Cache memory is a small, fast memory located between the CPU and main memory. It stores copies of frequently used instructions and data to accelerate access and improve performance. There are different mapping techniques for cache including direct mapping, associative mapping, and set associative mapping. When the cache is full, replacement algorithms like LRU and FIFO are used to determine which content to remove. The cache can write to main memory using either a write-through or write-back policy.

Disk Architecture.pptxManishaPatil932723

Hard disks store data on magnetic platters that are divided into tracks and sectors. Data is read and written by disk heads attached to arms that can move the heads to different tracks. Seek time is the time it takes to move the head to the desired track, while rotational latency is the time waiting for the desired sector to rotate under the head. The disk is formatted by dividing it into sectors during low-level formatting and partitioning it into logical sections during high-level formatting to allow the operating system to access files. Bad sectors are replaced using spare sectors to avoid data loss from disk errors.

Ch11 file system implementationWelly Dian Astika

The document discusses various aspects of file system implementation in operating systems. It covers file system structure, layers, and in-memory structures. It describes different directory implementation methods like linear lists and hash tables. For allocation methods, it explains contiguous, extent-based, linked, and indexed allocation. It also covers free space management using bitmaps and linked lists. Performance tradeoffs of different allocation methods are discussed.

Operating system.pptxAshmitKashyap1

The document provides an introduction to operating systems (OS). It discusses key topics like what is an OS, its functions, popular OS types, basics of UNIX and Windows, advantages of Linux. It describes the evolution of OS from batch to time-sharing and distributed systems. The key functions of an OS discussed are process management, memory management, file management, device management, security, and user interface. Popular OS types mentioned are batch, multiprogramming, time-sharing, multiprocessing, distributed, network, and real-time OS.

Operating system.pptxAshmitKashyap1

This document provides an introduction to operating systems (OS). It discusses key topics such as: - The functions of an OS including process management, memory management, file management, and device/I/O management. - How an OS acts as an interface between the user and computer hardware. - Popular OS types like UNIX, Windows, and Linux. - OS structure including user mode, kernel mode, and the kernel which has control over system resources and processes requests. - How an OS boots by loading the BIOS/UEFI firmware which finds the bootloader to launch the operating system.

Abhishek_OSC_ompimization_cyber_cocnpts.pptsonawaneabhishek69

OS-20210426203801.pptLadyChristianneBucsi

OS-20210426203801.pptROLANDOMORALES28

The document provides an introduction to operating systems (OS) and describes some of their key functions. It discusses what an OS is, popular OS types, and basics of UNIX/Windows. Some key points made include: - An OS acts as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware, executing programs and making hardware resources available to users. - OS functions include process management, memory management, file management, and I/O management like controlling hardware devices. - When a computer boots up, the BIOS initializes basic hardware then loads the bootloader from disk which loads the OS kernel into memory to take over control of the system.

File Management in Operating Systemsvampugani

Record storage and primary file organizationJafar Nesargi

m+storeMemory storageOwen Funnell

AOS Lab 9: File system -- Of buffers, logs, and blocksZubair Nabi

Cache Memory.pptRaihanAhmed65

Database Indexing and Tuning.pdf DDBMSderntean5

Cache memory IndrajaMeghavathula

Cache coherence pptArendraSingh2

CS 6413 OPERATING SYSTEM LABORATORY.pptxsnehapriya84

kerch04.pptKalimuthuVelappan

Root file systemBindu U

Introduction to filesystems and computer forensicsMayank Chaudhari

Cache memoryAnuj Modi

Disk Architecture.pptxManishaPatil932723

Ch11 file system implementationWelly Dian Astika

Operating system.pptxAshmitKashyap1

Abhishek_OSC_ompimization_cyber_cocnpts.pptsonawaneabhishek69

OS-20210426203801.pptLadyChristianneBucsi

OS-20210426203801.pptROLANDOMORALES28

More from Sowmya Jyothi (20)

Stacks IN DATA STRUCTURESSowmya Jyothi

1) Stacks are linear data structures that follow the LIFO (last-in, first-out) principle. Elements can only be inserted or removed from one end called the top of the stack. 2) The basic stack operations are push, which adds an element to the top of the stack, and pop, which removes an element from the top. 3) Stacks have many applications including evaluating arithmetic expressions by converting them to postfix notation and implementing the backtracking technique in recursive backtracking problems like tower of Hanoi.

Functions in c mrs.sowmya jyothiSowmya Jyothi

This document discusses user-defined functions in C programming. It defines user-defined functions as functions created by the user as opposed to library functions. It covers the necessary elements of user-defined functions including function definition, function call, and function declaration. Function definition includes the function header with name, type, and parameters and the function body. Function calls invoke the function. Function declarations notify the program of functions that will be used. The document provides examples and discusses nesting of functions and recursive functions.

Strings in c mrs.sowmya jyothiSowmya Jyothi

This document discusses handling character strings in C. It covers: 1. How strings are stored in memory as ASCII codes appended with a null terminator. 2. Common string operations like reading, comparing, concatenating and copying strings. 3. How to initialize, declare, read and write strings. 4. Useful string handling functions like strlen(), strcpy(), strcat(), strcmp() etc to perform various operations on strings.

Arrays in c unit iii chapter 1 mrs.sowmya jyothiSowmya Jyothi

1. Arrays allow storing multiple values of the same data type under a single variable name. There are one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and multidimensional arrays. 2. One-dimensional arrays use a single subscript to store elements, two-dimensional arrays use two subscripts for rows and columns, and multidimensional arrays can have three or more dimensions. 3. Arrays can be initialized at compile-time by providing initial values, or at run-time by assigning values with a for loop or other method.

Bca data structures linked list mrs.sowmya jyothiSowmya Jyothi

1. Linked lists are a linear data structure where each element contains a data field and a pointer to the next element. This allows flexible insertion and deletion compared to arrays. 2. Each node of a singly linked list contains a data field and a next pointer. Traversal follows the next pointers from head to tail. Doubly linked lists add a back pointer for bidirectional traversal. 3. Common operations on linked lists include traversal, search, insertion at head/specific point, and deletion by adjusting pointers. Memory for new nodes comes from a free list, and deleted nodes return there.

BCA DATA STRUCTURES LINEAR ARRAYS MRS.SOWMYA JYOTHISowmya Jyothi

1) The document discusses linear arrays and their representation in memory. A linear array stores elements in consecutive memory locations. 2) The number of elements in an array is given by the length formula: Length = Upper Bound - Lower Bound + 1. The address of each element can be calculated using the base address of the array. 3) Common array operations like traversing, inserting, and deleting elements are discussed along with algorithms to perform each operation. Representing polynomials and sparse matrices using arrays is also covered.

BCA DATA STRUCTURES SEARCHING AND SORTING MRS.SOWMYA JYOTHISowmya Jyothi

1. The document discusses various searching and sorting algorithms. It describes linear search, which compares each element to find a match, and binary search, which eliminates half the elements after each comparison in a sorted array. 2. It also explains bubble sort, which bubbles larger values up and smaller values down through multiple passes. Radix sort sorts elements based on individual digits or characters. 3. Selection sort and merge sort are also summarized. Merge sort divides the array into single elements and then merges the sorted sublists, while selection sort finds the minimum element and swaps it into place in each pass.

BCA DATA STRUCTURES ALGORITHMS AND PRELIMINARIES MRS SOWMYA JYOTHISowmya Jyothi

This document discusses algorithms and their notations. It defines an algorithm as a well-defined computational procedure that takes inputs and produces outputs. Algorithms use three main types of logic: sequential flow, conditional flow, and repetitive flow. Conditional flow uses if structures like single alternative (if/then), double alternative (if/then else), and multiple alternative (if/else if/else). Repetitive flow uses repeat structures like repeat-for (with an index from start to end) and repeat-while (with a condition). Proper comments, variable names, assignments, inputs/outputs, and procedures are also discussed for writing clear algorithms.

BCA DATA STRUCTURES INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW SOWMYA JYOTHISowmya Jyothi

This document introduces basic data structure concepts and terminology. It defines data, data items, entities, records, and files. It classifies data structures as primitive and non-primitive, with arrays, linked lists, stacks, and queues as examples of linear data structures and trees and graphs as examples of non-linear data structures. It describes common operations on data structures like traversing, searching, inserting, deleting, sorting, and merging.

HARDWARE AND PC MAINTENANCE -THE COMPLETE PC-MRS SOWMYA JYOTHI REFERENCE-MIKE...Sowmya Jyothi

This document provides information about hardware and PC maintenance. It discusses the typical components of a PC including the system unit, monitor, keyboard, mouse, and other peripherals. It describes the common connection types including USB, FireWire, serial ports, parallel ports, video ports, audio ports, network ports, and expansion slots. It covers installing and connecting various internal and external hardware devices such as network interface cards, sound cards, video cards, and storage devices. It also discusses setting up user accounts and local area networks.

Unit II chapter 4 Loops in CSowmya Jyothi

This document summarizes different types of loops in C programming: for loops, while loops, and do-while loops. It explains the basic structure of each loop type, including where the initialization, test condition, and updating of the loop variable occurs. It also distinguishes between entry controlled loops (for and while) and exit controlled loops (do-while). Additional loop concepts covered include break and continue statements, and sentinel controlled loops. Examples are provided to illustrate usage of each loop type.

Unit ii chapter 2 Decision making and Branching in CSowmya Jyothi

The document discusses decision making and branching in C programming, focusing on control statements or decision-making statements that alter the flow of program execution. Key components include various forms of the if statement, the switch statement, conditional operators, and the goto statement for managing program logic. It provides examples illustrating the use of these statements to execute different sections of code based on conditions.

Unit ii chapter 1 operator and expressions in cSowmya Jyothi

The document provides a comprehensive overview of operators and expressions in the C programming language, categorizing them into arithmetic, relational, logical, assignment, increment/decrement, conditional, bitwise, and special operators. It explains the usage and examples of these operators, detailing how arithmetic operations can differ between integers and floating-point numbers, and covers concepts such as operator precedence and type conversion. Additionally, it introduces mathematical functions prevalent in C programming and their applications.

Overview of C Mrs Sowmya JyothiSowmya Jyothi

The document provides an overview of the C programming language. It discusses the history and development of C, which originated from programming languages like ALGOL and BCPL. C was created by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs in 1972 and is strongly associated with UNIX. The document also covers basic C programming concepts like data types, functions, header files, and the structure of a C program. It provides examples of simple C programs and discusses programming style and executing a C program.

NETWORK AND DATABASE CONCEPTS UNIT 1 CHAPTER 2 MRS.SOWMYA JYOTHISowmya Jyothi

Computer networks allow computers to communicate and share resources. A network connects individual computers called nodes through various topologies like bus, star, ring, and mesh. It provides advantages like data sharing, resource sharing, backup capabilities, and flexible remote access. Common network services include file sharing, printer sharing, email, directories, and databases. The way nodes connect forms the network topology. Popular topologies are bus, star, ring, and mesh. A network operating system manages overall network operations and provides services like file sharing, printing, messaging, and applications. Computer networks can be peer-to-peer or client-server based. The Internet is a worldwide network that connects networks globally and allows communication, information sharing, and entertainment.

Introduction to computers MRS. SOWMYA JYOTHISowmya Jyothi

The document provides an introduction to computers including: - A computer is defined as an electronic device that processes data under programmed instructions to produce information. - The main components of a computer are the input, output, storage, and central processing units. The CPU contains the control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and memory unit. - Computers can be classified based on their construction (analog, digital, hybrid), application (general purpose, special purpose), and size/speed (supercomputer, mainframe, mini computer, workstation, microcomputer). - Software includes system software like operating systems and application software for specific tasks. Hardware refers to the physical and electronic components of a computer system.

Introduction to graphicsSowmya Jyothi

1. The document introduces computer graphics and its various applications and elements. It discusses how computer graphics involves the display, manipulation, and storage of images and data for visualization using computers. 2. Key elements of computer graphics include raster/bitmap graphics which use a grid of pixels and vector graphics which use mathematical formulas to define shapes. Common display devices include CRT, LCD, and plasma displays. 3. Applications of computer graphics include CAD, presentation graphics, computer art, entertainment, education and training, visualization, image processing, and graphical user interfaces.

Inter Process Communication PPTSowmya Jyothi

The document discusses different methods of inter-process communication (IPC) in Unix systems. It describes process tracing which allows a debugger process to control the execution of a traced process using the ptrace system call. It also describes the three main IPC mechanisms in Unix - messages, shared memory, and semaphores. Messages allow processes to exchange data streams using message queues. Shared memory allows processes to share parts of virtual memory. Semaphores allow processes to synchronize using integer values.

Internal representation of file chapter 4 Sowmya JyothiSowmya Jyothi

The document discusses the internal representation of files in Unix-like operating systems. It covers the following key points: - Inodes store metadata about files, including file type, permissions, size, and locations of data blocks. Disk inodes are stored on disk while in-core inodes are read into memory. - The superblock stores metadata about the entire file system, including the number of free blocks and inodes. - Regular files store data in direct, indirect, double-indirect, and triple-indirect blocks referenced by the inode. Directories are represented as files containing name-inode pair entries. - Other file types include pipes, block devices, and character devices. Pipes use

Introduction to the Kernel Chapter 2 Mrs.Sowmya JyothiSowmya Jyothi

This document provides an overview of the Unix kernel architecture. It describes three levels - user, kernel, and hardware. The two main components of the kernel are the file subsystem and process control subsystem. The file subsystem manages files and interacts with devices via buffering and drivers. The process control subsystem handles inter-process communication, memory management, and scheduling processes. Administrative processes have special privileges to perform system maintenance tasks.

Stacks IN DATA STRUCTURESSowmya Jyothi

Functions in c mrs.sowmya jyothiSowmya Jyothi

Strings in c mrs.sowmya jyothiSowmya Jyothi

Arrays in c unit iii chapter 1 mrs.sowmya jyothiSowmya Jyothi

Bca data structures linked list mrs.sowmya jyothiSowmya Jyothi

BCA DATA STRUCTURES LINEAR ARRAYS MRS.SOWMYA JYOTHISowmya Jyothi

BCA DATA STRUCTURES SEARCHING AND SORTING MRS.SOWMYA JYOTHISowmya Jyothi

BCA DATA STRUCTURES ALGORITHMS AND PRELIMINARIES MRS SOWMYA JYOTHISowmya Jyothi

BCA DATA STRUCTURES INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW SOWMYA JYOTHISowmya Jyothi

HARDWARE AND PC MAINTENANCE -THE COMPLETE PC-MRS SOWMYA JYOTHI REFERENCE-MIKE...Sowmya Jyothi

Unit II chapter 4 Loops in CSowmya Jyothi

Unit ii chapter 2 Decision making and Branching in CSowmya Jyothi

Unit ii chapter 1 operator and expressions in cSowmya Jyothi

Overview of C Mrs Sowmya JyothiSowmya Jyothi

NETWORK AND DATABASE CONCEPTS UNIT 1 CHAPTER 2 MRS.SOWMYA JYOTHISowmya Jyothi

Introduction to computers MRS. SOWMYA JYOTHISowmya Jyothi

Introduction to graphicsSowmya Jyothi

Inter Process Communication PPTSowmya Jyothi

Internal representation of file chapter 4 Sowmya JyothiSowmya Jyothi

Introduction to the Kernel Chapter 2 Mrs.Sowmya JyothiSowmya Jyothi

Recently uploaded (20)

English 3 Quarter 1_LEwithLAS_Week 1.pdfDeAsisAlyanajaneH

June 2025 Progress Update With Board Call_In process.pptxInternational Society of Service Innovation Professionals

--- June 25 ISSIP Event - slides in process 20250618 PPre-Event Presentation Summary - Progress Update with Board Series June 25 ISSIP Website Upcoming Events Description: https://issip.org/event/semi-annual-issip-progress-call/ Register here (even if you cannot attend live online, all who register will get link to recording and slides post-event): https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdThrop1rafOCo4PQkYiS2XApclJuMjYONEHRMGBsceRdcQqg/viewform This pre-event presentation: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/june-2025-progress-update-with-board-call_in-process-pptx/280718770 This pre-event recording: https://youtu.be/Shjgd5o488o ---

A Visual Introduction to the Prophet JeremiahSteve Thomason

How to Customize Quotation Layouts in Odoo 18Celine George

Aprendendo Arquitetura Framework Salesforce - Dia 02Mauricio Alexandre Silva

LAZY SUNDAY QUIZ "A GENERAL QUIZ" JUNE 2025 SMC QUIZ CLUB, SILCHAR MEDICAL CO...Ultimatewinner0342

🧠 Lazy Sunday Quiz | General Knowledge Trivia by SMC Quiz Club – Silchar Medical College Presenting the Lazy Sunday Quiz, a fun and thought-provoking general knowledge quiz created by the SMC Quiz Club of Silchar Medical College & Hospital (SMCH). This quiz is designed for casual learners, quiz enthusiasts, and competitive teams looking for a diverse, engaging set of questions with clean visuals and smart clues. 🎯 What is the Lazy Sunday Quiz? The Lazy Sunday Quiz is a light-hearted yet intellectually rewarding quiz session held under the SMC Quiz Club banner. It’s a general quiz covering a mix of current affairs, pop culture, history, India, sports, medicine, science, and more. Whether you’re hosting a quiz event, preparing a session for students, or just looking for quality trivia to enjoy with friends, this PowerPoint deck is perfect for you. 📋 Quiz Format & Structure Total Questions: ~50 Types: MCQs, one-liners, image-based, visual connects, lateral thinking Rounds: Warm-up, Main Quiz, Visual Round, Connects (optional bonus) Design: Simple, clear slides with answer explanations included Tools Needed: Just a projector or screen – ready to use! 🧠 Who Is It For? College quiz clubs School or medical students Teachers or faculty for classroom engagement Event organizers needing quiz content Quizzers preparing for competitions Freelancers building quiz portfolios 💡 Why Use This Quiz? Ready-made, high-quality content Curated with lateral thinking and storytelling in mind Covers both academic and pop culture topics Designed by a quizzer with real event experience Usable in inter-college fests, informal quizzes, or Sunday brain workouts 📚 About the Creators This quiz has been created by Rana Mayank Pratap, an MBBS student and quizmaster at SMC Quiz Club, Silchar Medical College. The club aims to promote a culture of curiosity and smart thinking through weekly and monthly quiz events. 🔍 SEO Tags: quiz, general knowledge quiz, trivia quiz, SlideShare quiz, college quiz, fun quiz, medical college quiz, India quiz, pop culture quiz, visual quiz, MCQ quiz, connect quiz, science quiz, current affairs quiz, SMC Quiz Club, Silchar Medical College 📣 Reuse & Credit You’re free to use or adapt this quiz for your own events or sessions with credit to: SMC Quiz Club – Silchar Medical College & Hospital Curated by: Rana Mayank Pratap

Code Profiling in Odoo 18 - Odoo 18 SlidesCeline George

Birnagar High School Platinum Jubilee Quiz.pptxSourav Kr Podder

INDUCTIVE EFFECT slide for first prof pharamacy studentsSHABNAM FAIZ

IIT KGP Quiz Week 2024 Sports Quiz (Prelims + Finals)IIT Kharagpur Quiz Club

M&A5 Q1 1 differentiate evolving early Philippine conventional and contempora...ErlizaRosete

List View Components in Odoo 18 - Odoo SlidesCeline George

VCE Literature Section A Exam Response Guidejpinnuck

This practical guide shows students of Unit 3&4 VCE Literature how to write responses to Section A of the exam. Including a range of examples writing about different types of texts, this guide: *Breaks down and explains what Q1 and Q2 tasks involve and expect *Breaks down example responses for each question *Explains and scaffolds students to write responses for each question *Includes a comprehensive range of sentence starters and vocabulary for responding to each question *Includes critical theory vocabulary lists to support Q2 responses

Gladiolous Cultivation practices by AKL.pdfkushallamichhame

THE PSYCHOANALYTIC OF THE BLACK CAT BY EDGAR ALLAN POE (1).pdfnabilahk908

Psychoanalytic Analysis of The Black Cat by Edgar Allan Poe explores the deep psychological dimensions of the narrator’s disturbed mind through the lens of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. According to Freud (1923), the human psyche is structured into three components: the Id, which contains primitive and unconscious desires; the Ego, which operates on the reality principle and mediates between the Id and the external world; and the Superego, which reflects internalized moral standards. In this story, Poe presents a narrator who experiences a psychological breakdown triggered by repressed guilt, aggression, and internal conflict. This analysis focuses not only on the gothic horror elements of the narrative but also on the narrator’s mental instability and emotional repression, demonstrating how the imbalance of these three psychic forces contributes to his downfall.

F-BLOCK ELEMENTS POWER POINT PRESENTATIONSmprpgcwa2024

F-block elements are a group of elements in the periodic table that have partially filled f-orbitals. They are also known as inner transition elements. F-block elements are divided into two series: 1.Lanthanides (La- Lu) These elements are also known as rare earth elements. 2.Actinides (Ac- Lr): These elements are radioactive and have complex electronic configurations. F-block elements exhibit multiple oxidation states due to the availability of f-orbitals. 2. Many f-block compounds are colored due to f-f transitions. 3. F-block elements often exhibit paramagnetic or ferromagnetic behavior.4. Actinides are radioactive. F-block elements are used as catalysts in various industrial processes. Actinides are used in nuclear reactors and nuclear medicine. F-block elements are used in lasers and phosphors due to their luminescent properties. F-block elements have unique electronic and magnetic properties.

NSUMD_M1 Library Orientation_June 11, 2025.pptxJulie Sarpy

Vitamin and Nutritional Deficiencies.pptxVishal Chanalia

Vitamin and nutritional deficiency occurs when the body does not receive enough essential nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, needed for proper functioning. This can lead to various health problems, including weakened immunity, stunted growth, fatigue, poor wound healing, cognitive issues, and increased susceptibility to infections and diseases. Long-term deficiencies can cause serious and sometimes irreversible health complications.

ENGLISH-5 Q1 Lesson 1.pptx - Story ElementsMayvel Nadal

Paper 107 | From Watchdog to Lapdog: Ishiguro’s Fiction and the Rise of “Godi...Rajdeep Bavaliya

Dive into a captivating analysis where Kazuo Ishiguro’s nuanced fiction meets the stark realities of post‑2014 Indian journalism. Uncover how “Godi Media” turned from watchdog to lapdog, echoing the moral compromises of Ishiguro’s protagonists. We’ll draw parallels between restrained narrative silences and sensationalist headlines—are our media heroes or traitors? Don’t forget to follow for more deep dives! M.A. Sem - 2 | Presentation Presentation Season - 2 Paper - 107: The Twentieth Century Literature: From World War II to the End of the Century Submitted Date: April 4, 2025 Paper Name: The Twentieth Century Literature: From World War II to the End of the Century Topic: From Watchdog to Lapdog: Ishiguro’s Fiction and the Rise of “Godi Media” in Post-2014 Indian Journalism [Please copy the link and paste it into any web browser to access the content.] Video Link: https://youtu.be/kIEqwzhHJ54 For a more in-depth discussion of this presentation, please visit the full blog post at the following link: https://rajdeepbavaliya2.blogspot.com/2025/04/from-watchdog-to-lapdog-ishiguro-s-fiction-and-the-rise-of-godi-media-in-post-2014-indian-journalism.html Please visit this blog to explore additional presentations from this season: Hashtags: #GodiMedia #Ishiguro #MediaEthics #WatchdogVsLapdog #IndianJournalism #PressFreedom #LiteraryCritique #AnArtistOfTheFloatingWorld #MediaCapture #KazuoIshiguro Keyword Tags: Godi Media, Ishiguro fiction, post-2014 Indian journalism, media capture, Kazuo Ishiguro analysis, watchdog to lapdog, press freedom India, media ethics, literature and media, An Artist of the Floating World

English 3 Quarter 1_LEwithLAS_Week 1.pdfDeAsisAlyanajaneH

June 2025 Progress Update With Board Call_In process.pptxInternational Society of Service Innovation Professionals

A Visual Introduction to the Prophet JeremiahSteve Thomason

How to Customize Quotation Layouts in Odoo 18Celine George

Aprendendo Arquitetura Framework Salesforce - Dia 02Mauricio Alexandre Silva

LAZY SUNDAY QUIZ "A GENERAL QUIZ" JUNE 2025 SMC QUIZ CLUB, SILCHAR MEDICAL CO...Ultimatewinner0342

Code Profiling in Odoo 18 - Odoo 18 SlidesCeline George

Birnagar High School Platinum Jubilee Quiz.pptxSourav Kr Podder

INDUCTIVE EFFECT slide for first prof pharamacy studentsSHABNAM FAIZ

IIT KGP Quiz Week 2024 Sports Quiz (Prelims + Finals)IIT Kharagpur Quiz Club

M&A5 Q1 1 differentiate evolving early Philippine conventional and contempora...ErlizaRosete

List View Components in Odoo 18 - Odoo SlidesCeline George

VCE Literature Section A Exam Response Guidejpinnuck

Gladiolous Cultivation practices by AKL.pdfkushallamichhame

THE PSYCHOANALYTIC OF THE BLACK CAT BY EDGAR ALLAN POE (1).pdfnabilahk908

F-BLOCK ELEMENTS POWER POINT PRESENTATIONSmprpgcwa2024

NSUMD_M1 Library Orientation_June 11, 2025.pptxJulie Sarpy

Vitamin and Nutritional Deficiencies.pptxVishal Chanalia

ENGLISH-5 Q1 Lesson 1.pptx - Story ElementsMayvel Nadal

Paper 107 | From Watchdog to Lapdog: Ishiguro’s Fiction and the Rise of “Godi...Rajdeep Bavaliya

Buffer cache unix ppt Mrs.Sowmya Jyothi

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to Buffer cache unix ppt Mrs.Sowmya Jyothi (20)

More from Sowmya Jyothi (20)

Recently uploaded (20)