Buffer Overflow Attacks

Jul 7, 2009Download as ppt, pdf

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Buffer overflow attacks can exploit vulnerabilities in C library functions like strcpy() that do not perform bounds checking on buffers. By passing in a string longer than the buffer size, an attacker can overwrite adjacent memory, such as the return address on the stack, allowing them to execute arbitrary code. Defenses include using type-safe languages, marking the stack as non-executable, static source code analysis, and runtime checks.

What are buffer overflows?
• Suppose a web server contains a function:
void func(char *str) {
char buf[128];
strcpy(buf, str);
do-something(buf);
}
• } When the function is invoked the stack looks like:

• What if *str is 136 bytes long? After strcpy

2

Basic stack exploit

o Main problem: no range checking in strcpy().
o Suppose *str is such that after strcpy stack looks like:

o When func() exits, the user will be given a shell !!
o Note: attack code runs in stack.
o To determine ret guess position of stack when func() is
called.

3

Some unsafe C lib functions

o strcpy (char *dest, const char *src)

o strcat (char *dest, const char *src)

o gets (char *s)

o scanf ( const char *format, … )

o printf (conts char *format, … )

4

Exploiting buffer overflows

Suppose web server calls func() with given URL.
Attacker can create a 200 byte URL to obtain shell
on web server.

Some complications:
o Program P should not contain the ‘0’ character.
o Overflow should not crash program before func()
exits.

Sample buffer overflow of this type:
o Overflow in MIME type field in MS Outlook.
5

Causing program to exec attack
code
o Stack smashing attack:
o Override return address in stack activation
record by overflowing a local
buffer variable.
o Function pointers: (used in attack on Linux)

o Overflowing buf will override function
pointer.
o Longjmp buffers: longjmp(pos) (used in
attack on Perl 5.003) 6

Finding buffer overflows

Hackers find buffer overflows as follows:
o Run web server on local machine.
o Issue requests with long tags.
o All long tags end with “$$$$$”.
o If web server crashes,
o search core dump for “$$$$$” to find
o overflow location.
o Some automated tools exist. (eEye Retina,
ISIC).

7

Preventing buf overflow attacks

o Main problem:
o strcpy(), strcat(), sprintf() have no range checking.
o “Safe” versions strncpy(), strncat() are misleading
o – strncpy() may leave buffer unterminated.
o – strncpy(), strncat() encourage off by 1 bugs.

o Defenses:
o Type safe languages (Java, ML). Legacy code?
o Mark stack as non-execute. Random stack location.
o Static source code analysis.
o Run time checking: StackGuard, Libsafe, SafeC,
(Purify).
o Black box testing (e.g. eEye Retina, ISIC ).
8

Marking stack as non-execute

o Basic stack exploit can be prevented by marking
o stack segment as non-executable or
o randomizing stack location.
o Code patches exist for Linux and Solaris.
o Problems:
o Does not block more general overflow exploits:
o – Overflow on heap: overflow buffer next to func
pointer.
o Some apps need executable stack (e.g. LISP
interpreters).

9

Static source code analysis

Statically check source to detect buffer overflows.
Several consulting companies.

Several tools exist:
o @stake (l0pht.com): SLINT (designed for UNIX)
o its4. Scans function calls.
o Wagner. Test constraint violations.
o Engler. Test trust inconsistency.

Find lots of bugs.

10

Recent Attacks

o RealPlayer, Helix Player, KM Player vulnerable to
attack.

o Exploit code released for Adobe Photoshop flaw.
News - Security - ZDNet
Australia_files

11

Buffer overflows occur when a program writes more data to a buffer than it is configured to hold. This can overwrite adjacent memory and compromise the program. Common types of buffer overflows include stack overflows, heap overflows, and format string vulnerabilities. Buffer overflows have been exploited by major computer worms to spread, including the Morris worm in 1988 and the SQL Slammer worm in 2003. Techniques like canaries can help detect buffer overflows by placing check values between buffers and control data. Programming best practices like bounds checking and safe string functions can prevent buffer overflows.

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For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2025/06/why-its-critical-to-have-an-integrated-development-methodology-for-edge-ai-a-presentation-from-lattice-semiconductor/ Sreepada Hegade, Director of ML Systems and Software at Lattice Semiconductor, presents the “Why It’s Critical to Have an Integrated Development Methodology for Edge AI” tutorial at the May 2025 Embedded Vision Summit. The deployment of neural networks near sensors brings well-known advantages such as lower latency, privacy and reduced overall system cost—but also brings significant challenges that complicate development. These challenges can be addressed effectively by choosing the right solution and design methodology. The low-power FPGAs from Lattice are well poised to enable efficient edge implementation of models, while Lattice’s proven development methodology helps to mitigate the challenges and risks associated with edge model deployment. In this presentation, Hegade explains the importance of an integrated framework that tightly consolidates different aspects of edge AI development, including training, quantization of networks for edge deployment, integration with sensors and inferencing. He also illustrates how Lattice’s simplified tool flow helps to achieve the best trade-off between power, performance and efficiency using low-power FPGAs for edge deployment of various AI workloads.

Bridging the divide: A conversation on tariffs today in the book industry - T...BookNet Canada

A collaboration-focused conversation on the recently imposed US and Canadian tariffs where speakers shared insights into the current legislative landscape, ongoing advocacy efforts, and recommended next steps. This event was presented in partnership with the Book Industry Study Group. Link to accompanying resource: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/bridging-the-divide-a-conversation-on-tariffs-today-in-the-book-industry/ Presented by BookNet Canada and the Book Industry Study Group on May 29, 2025 with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.

Raman Bhaumik - Passionate Tech EnthusiastRaman Bhaumik

Artificial Intelligence in the Nonprofit Boardroom.pdfOnBoard

Creating Inclusive Digital Learning with AI: A Smarter, Fairer FutureImpelsys Inc.

Have you ever struggled to read a tiny label on a medicine box or tried to navigate a confusing website? Now imagine if every learning experience felt that way—every single day. For millions of people living with disabilities, poorly designed content isn’t just frustrating. It’s a barrier to growth. Inclusive learning is about fixing that. And today, AI is helping us build digital learning that’s smarter, kinder, and accessible to everyone. Accessible learning increases engagement, retention, performance, and inclusivity for everyone. Inclusive design is simply better design.

The State of Web3 Industry- Industry ReportLiveplex

Web3 is poised for mainstream integration by 2030, with decentralized applications potentially reaching billions of users through improved scalability, user-friendly wallets, and regulatory clarity. Many forecasts project trillions of dollars in tokenized assets by 2030 , integration of AI, IoT, and Web3 (e.g. autonomous agents and decentralized physical infrastructure), and the possible emergence of global interoperability standards. Key challenges going forward include ensuring security at scale, preserving decentralization principles under regulatory oversight, and demonstrating tangible consumer value to sustain adoption beyond speculative cycles.

Kubernetes Security Act Now Before It’s Too LateMichael Furman

In today's cloud-native landscape, Kubernetes has become the de facto standard for orchestrating containerized applications, but its inherent complexity introduces unique security challenges. Are you one YAML away from disaster? This presentation, "Kubernetes Security: Act Now Before It’s Too Late," is your essential guide to understanding and mitigating the critical security risks within your Kubernetes environments. This presentation dives deep into the OWASP Kubernetes Top Ten, providing actionable insights to harden your clusters. We will cover: The fundamental architecture of Kubernetes and why its security is paramount. In-depth strategies for protecting your Kubernetes Control Plane, including kube-apiserver and etcd. Crucial best practices for securing your workloads and nodes, covering topics like privileged containers, root filesystem security, and the essential role of Pod Security Admission. Don't wait for a breach. Learn how to identify, prevent, and respond to Kubernetes security threats effectively. It's time to act now before it's too late!

TrustArc Webinar - 2025 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc

How does your privacy program compare to your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2025? In the sixth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on privacy inside and outside their organizations. The annual report provides a 360-degree view of various industries' priorities, attitudes, and trends. See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe. This webinar features an expert panel discussion and data-driven insights to help you navigate the shifting privacy landscape. Whether you are a privacy officer, legal professional, compliance specialist, or security expert, this session will provide actionable takeaways to strengthen your privacy strategy. This webinar will review: - The emerging trends in data protection, compliance, and risk - The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2025 - The impact of evolving regulations and the crossroads with new technology, like AI Predictions for the future of privacy in 2025 and beyond

AI vs Human Writing: Can You Tell the Difference?Shashi Sathyanarayana, Ph.D

“Key Requirements to Successfully Implement Generative AI in Edge Devices—Opt...Edge AI and Vision Alliance

For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2025/06/key-requirements-to-successfully-implement-generative-ai-in-edge-devices-optimized-mapping-to-the-enhanced-npx6-neural-processing-unit-ip-a-presentation-from-synopsys/ Gordon Cooper, Principal Product Manager at Synopsys, presents the “Key Requirements to Successfully Implement Generative AI in Edge Devices—Optimized Mapping to the Enhanced NPX6 Neural Processing Unit IP” tutorial at the May 2025 Embedded Vision Summit. In this talk, Cooper discusses emerging trends in generative AI for edge devices and the key role of transformer-based neural networks. He reviews the distinct attributes of transformers, their advantages over conventional convolutional neural networks and how they enable generative AI. Cooper then covers key requirements that must be met for neural processing units (NPU) to support transformers and generative AI in edge device applications. He uses transformer-based generative AI examples to illustrate the efficient mapping of these workloads onto the enhanced Synopsys ARC NPX NPU IP family.

Down the Rabbit Hole – Solving 5 Training RoadblocksRustici Software

Feeling stuck in the Matrix of your training technologies? You’re not alone. Managing your training catalog, wrangling LMSs and delivering content across different tools and audiences can feel like dodging digital bullets. At some point, you hit a fork in the road: Keep patching things up as issues pop up… or follow the rabbit hole to the root of the problems. Good news, we’ve already been down that rabbit hole. Peter Overton and Cameron Gray of Rustici Software are here to share what we found. In this webinar, we’ll break down 5 training roadblocks in delivery and management and show you how they’re easier to fix than you might think.

FIDO Seminar: Authentication for a Billion Consumers - Amazon.pptxFIDO Alliance

Crypto Super 500 - 14th Report - June2025.pdfStephen Perrenod

This OrionX's 14th semi-annual report on the state of the cryptocurrency mining market. The report focuses on Proof-of-Work cryptocurrencies since those use substantial supercomputer power to mint new coins and encode transactions on their blockchains. Only two make the cut this time, Bitcoin with $18 billion of annual economic value produced and Dogecoin with $1 billion. Bitcoin has now reached the Zettascale with typical hash rates of 0.9 Zettahashes per second. Bitcoin is powered by the world's largest decentralized supercomputer in a continuous winner take all lottery incentive network.