Build your own embedded linux distributions by yocto project
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The document discusses the Yocto Project, an open-source collaboration project that provides templates, tools, and methods for creating custom Linux-based systems for embedded products. It provides an overview of the key components of Yocto including Poky, BitBake, and metadata. It also summarizes how to get started with Yocto including downloading Poky, setting up the build environment, and building a minimal image that can be run in QEMU for testing purposes.
![• Execute the runqemu command
Emulation the image you build
coldnew@Sara ~/poky/build $ runqemu qemux86 core-image-minimal nographic
Assuming core-image-minimal really means ~/poky/build/tmp/deploy/images/
qemux86/core-image-minimal-qemux86.ext4
Continuing with the following parameters:
KERNEL: [~/poky/build/tmp/deploy/images/qemux86/bzImage-qemux86.bin]
ROOTFS: [~/poky/build/tmp/deploy/im
...
Poky (Yocto Project Reference Distro) 1.8+snapshot-20150813 qemux86 /dev/
ttyS0
qemux86 login: root
root@qemux86:~#
Examples:
runqemu qemuarm
runqemu qemux86-64 core-image-sato ext4
runqemu path/to/bzImage-qemux86.bin path/to/nfsrootdir/ serial
runqemu qemux86 ramfs
runqemu qemux86 iso
runqemu qemux86 qemuparams="-m 256"
runqemu qemux86 bootparams="psplash=false"
runqemu path/to/<image>-<machine>.vmdk
• More examples](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/buildyourownembeddedlinuxdistributionsbyyoctoproject-150815032816-lva1-app6892/85/Build-your-own-embedded-linux-distributions-by-yocto-project-26-320.jpg)
![• Create your layer by yocto-layer command
• Or use yocto-bsp create <machine> <architecute> create bsp
layer
Create your own layers
coldnew@Sara ~/poky $ yocto-layer create coscup
Please enter the layer priority you'd like to use for the layer: [default: 6]
Would you like to have an example recipe created? (y/n) [default: n] n
Would you like to have an example bbappend file created? (y/n) [default: n] n
New layer created in meta-coscup.
Don't forget to add it to your BBLAYERS (for details see meta-coscupREADME).
coldnew@Sara ~/poky/meta-coscup $ tree .
.
!"" conf
$ #"" layer.conf
!"" COPYING.MIT
#"" README
1 directory, 3 files](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/buildyourownembeddedlinuxdistributionsbyyoctoproject-150815032816-lva1-app6892/85/Build-your-own-embedded-linux-distributions-by-yocto-project-37-320.jpg)
![Example: openjpeg
DESCRIPTION = "OpenJPEG library is an open-source JPEG 2000 codec"
HOMEPAGE = "http://www.openjpeg.org/index.php?menu=main"
LICENSE = "BSD"
LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://LICENSE;md5=c648878b4840d7babaade1303e7f108c"
SRC_URI = "${SOURCEFORGE_MIRROR}/project/${BPN}.mirror/${PV}/${BPN}-${PV}.tar.gz"
SRC_URI[md5sum] = "f6419fcc233df84f9a81eb36633c6db6"
SRC_URI[sha256sum] = "1232bb814fd88d8ed314c94f0bfebb03de8559583a33abbe8c64ef3fc0a8ff03"
inherit cmake
DEPENDS = "libpng tiff lcms"
# standard path for *.cmake
EXTRA_OECMAKE += "-DOPENJPEG_INSTALL_PACKAGE_DIR=${baselib}/cmake
-DOPENJPEG_INSTALL_LIB_DIR:PATH=${libdir}"
FILES_${PN}-dev += "${libdir}/cmake/*.cmake"
meta-openembedded/meta-oe/recipes-graphics/openjpeg/openjpeg_2.1.0.bb](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/buildyourownembeddedlinuxdistributionsbyyoctoproject-150815032816-lva1-app6892/85/Build-your-own-embedded-linux-distributions-by-yocto-project-49-320.jpg)
![Example: hveged
SUMMARY = "haveged - A simple entropy daemon"
DESCRIPTION = “...”
HOMEPAGE = "http://www.issihosts.com/haveged/index.html"
LICENSE = "GPLv3"
LIC_FILES_CHKSUM="file://COPYING;md5=d32239bcb673463ab874e80d47fae504"
SRC_URI = "http://www.issihosts.com/haveged/haveged-${PV}.tar.gz
file://remove-systemd-unit-503.patch"
SRC_URI[md5sum] = "015ff58cd10607db0e0de60aeca2f5f8"
SRC_URI[sha256sum] = "9c2363ed9542a6784ff08e247182137e71f2ddb79e8e6c1ac4ad50d21ced3715"
inherit autotools systemd
EXTRA_OECONF = "
--enable-init=service.redhat
--enable-nistest=yes
--enable-olt=yes
--enable-threads=no "
SYSTEMD_PACKAGES = "${PN}"
SYSTEMD_SERVICE_${PN} = "haveged.service"
do_install_append() {
mkdir -p ${D}${systemd_unitdir}/system
install -p -m644 ${B}/init.d/haveged.service ${D}${systemd_unitdir}/system
}
meta-openembedded/meta-oe/recipes-extended/haveged/haveged_1.9.1.bb](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/buildyourownembeddedlinuxdistributionsbyyoctoproject-150815032816-lva1-app6892/85/Build-your-own-embedded-linux-distributions-by-yocto-project-50-320.jpg)
![Example: qtbase
# separate some parts of PACKAGECONFIG which are often changed
# be aware that you need to add icu to build qtwebkit, default
# PACKAGECONFIG is kept rather minimal for people who don't need
# stuff like webkit (and it's easier to add options than remove)
PACKAGECONFIG_GL ?= "${@base_contains('DISTRO_FEATURES', 'opengl', 'gl', '', d)}"
PACKAGECONFIG ?= "
${PACKAGECONFIG_SYSTEM}
${PACKAGECONFIG_MULTIMEDIA}
${PACKAGECONFIG_DISTRO}
"
# use either system freetype or bundled freetype, if you disable freetype completely
# fontdatabases/basic/qbasicfontdatabase.cpp will fail to build and system freetype
# works only together with fontconfig
PACKAGECONFIG[freetype] = "-system-freetype,-freetype,freetype"
PACKAGECONFIG[jpeg] = "-system-libjpeg,-no-libjpeg,jpeg"
PACKAGECONFIG[libpng] = "-system-libpng,-no-libpng,libpng"
PACKAGECONFIG[zlib] = "-system-zlib,-qt-zlib,zlib"
PACKAGECONFIG[pcre] = "-system-pcre,-qt-pcre,pcre"
meta-qt5/recipes-qt/qt5/qtbase_git.bb](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/buildyourownembeddedlinuxdistributionsbyyoctoproject-150815032816-lva1-app6892/85/Build-your-own-embedded-linux-distributions-by-yocto-project-51-320.jpg)
![Create the SDK
• Use populate_sdk to generate image’s SDK
coldnew@Sara ~/poky/build $ bitbake core-image-minimal -c populate_sdk
• The sdks is locate at tmp/deploy/sdk dir
coldnew@Sara ~/poky/build $ ls tmp/deploy/sdk
poky-glibc-i686-core-image-minimal-i586-toolchain-1.8+snapshot.host.manifest
poky-glibc-i686-core-image-minimal-i586-toolchain-1.8+snapshot.sh
poky-glibc-i686-core-image-minimal-i586-toolchain-1.8+snapshot.target.manifest
• Install sdk by execute it
./poky-glibc-i686-core-image-minimal-i586-toolchain-1.8+snapshot.sh
Poky (Yocto Project Reference Distro) SDK installer version 1.8+snapshot
===========================================================
Enter target directory for SDK (default: /opt/poky/1.8+snapshot):
You are about to install the SDK to "/opt/poky/1.8+snapshot". Proceed[Y/n]?y
Extracting SDK…
Setting it up...done
SDK has been successfully set up and is ready to be used.
Each time you wish to use the SDK in a new shell session, you need to source
the environment setup script e.g.
$ . /opt/poky/1.8+snapshot/environment-setup-i586-poky-linux](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/buildyourownembeddedlinuxdistributionsbyyoctoproject-150815032816-lva1-app6892/85/Build-your-own-embedded-linux-distributions-by-yocto-project-54-320.jpg)
![Use SDL instead of VNC when
runqemu
• If you don’t want to use vnc when execute runqemu
reference: [yocto] runqemu: vnc server running on ::1:5900
coldnew@Sara ~/coscup/build $ runqemu qemux86 core-image-sato
…
vnc server running on ::1:5900
#
# Qemu configuration
#
# By default qemu will build with a builtin VNC server where graphical output
# can be seen. The two lines below enable the SDL backend too. This assumes
# there is a libsdl library available on your build system.
PACKAGECONFIG_append_pn-qemu-native = " sdl"
PACKAGECONFIG_append_pn-nativesdk-qemu = " sdl"
ASSUME_PROVIDED += "libsdl-native"
• Add following to your local.conf
• Re-build qemu-native again
coldnew@Sara ~/coscup/build $ bitbake -c cleansstate qemu-native ;
bitbake qemu-native](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/buildyourownembeddedlinuxdistributionsbyyoctoproject-150815032816-lva1-app6892/85/Build-your-own-embedded-linux-distributions-by-yocto-project-59-320.jpg)
![Set default root password
• Add to your image’s bbappends
• ex: core-image-minimal.bbappend
inherit extrausers
ROOTPASSWORD = "123456789"
ROOTUSERNAME = "root"
EXTRA_USERS_PARAMS = "usermod -P ${ROOTPASSWORD} ${ROOTUSERNAME};"
inherit extrausers
ROOTPASSWORD = "123456789"
ROOTUSERNAME = "root"
pkg_postinst_${PN} () {
#!/bin/sh -e
# Note: Destination directory is available during boot
# process and unset at first boot
if [ -z $D ]; then
usermod -p ${ROOTPASSWORD} ${ROOTUSERNAME};
fi
}
or
reference: https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/FAQ:How_do_I_set_or_change_the_root_password](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/buildyourownembeddedlinuxdistributionsbyyoctoproject-150815032816-lva1-app6892/85/Build-your-own-embedded-linux-distributions-by-yocto-project-60-320.jpg)
![FATAL: kernel too old
• Building glibc need to specify kernel version
• configure --enable-kernel=2.6.32 when building glibc
• Add to your local.conf
• Since glibc 2.20 the minimal required kernel is 2.6.32
• You can’t use dizzy (1.7) or above if your kernel version is less
than 2.6.32
• For more info, please see here and here
OLDEST_KERNEL = “2.6.32"
reference: [yocto] Glibc kernel version depends](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/buildyourownembeddedlinuxdistributionsbyyoctoproject-150815032816-lva1-app6892/85/Build-your-own-embedded-linux-distributions-by-yocto-project-61-320.jpg)
![How to Send Patches
reference: see README in meta-qt5
Send pull requests to openembedded-devel@lists.openembedded.org with '[meta-qt5]' in the
subject'
When sending single patches, please using something like:
'git send-email -M -1 --to openembedded-devel@lists.openembedded.org —subject-prefix=meta-
qt5][PATCH'
coldnew@Sara ~/poky/meta-qt5 $ git send-email -M -1 --to openembedded-
devel@lists.openembedded.org —subject-prefix=meta-qt5][PATCH
• Take meta-qt5 as example
• After commit to local repo, use git-send-email to send patch](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/buildyourownembeddedlinuxdistributionsbyyoctoproject-150815032816-lva1-app6892/85/Build-your-own-embedded-linux-distributions-by-yocto-project-70-320.jpg)
![Example: hexedit
SUMMARY = "view and edit files in hexadecimal or in ASCII"
HOMEPAGE = "http://rigaux.org/hexedit.html"
SECTION = "console/utils"
LICENSE = "GPLv2+"
DEPENDS = "ncurses"
LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://COPYING;md5=0636e73ff0215e8d672dc4c32c317bb3"
SRC_URI = "http://rigaux.org/${BP}.src.tgz
file://0001-don-t-strip-when-installing.patch "
SRC_URI[md5sum] = "a5af1378d028512a9cad27a5ba3e15f9"
SRC_URI[sha256sum] = "6a126da30a77f5c0b08038aa7a881d910e3b65d13767fb54c58c983963b88dd7"
inherit autotools-brokensep
S = "${WORKDIR}/${BPN}"
reference: autotools-brokensep: Mark recipes with broken separate build dir support
meta-oe/recipes-extended/hexedit/hexedit_1.2.13.bb
BP = hexedit-1.2.13
BPN = 1.2.13
autotools-brokensep is for those which use autotools but don’t support a separate
build directory ( ${S} != ${B} )](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/buildyourownembeddedlinuxdistributionsbyyoctoproject-150815032816-lva1-app6892/85/Build-your-own-embedded-linux-distributions-by-yocto-project-75-320.jpg)
Build your own embedded linux distributions by yocto project
- 1. Build your own Embedded Linux distributions by Yocto project Yen-Chin, Lee <coldnew> 2015.08.15 中研院⼈人⽂文社會科學館 R2 10:00 ~ 10:40
- 2. • 李彥瑾 (Yen-Chin, Lee) • GitHub: coldnew • Gentoo Linux user • Embedded Linux developer • Clojure/Clojurescript developer on leisure time About Me
- 3. • The Yocto project is an open-source collaboration project. It provides templates, tools and methods to help you create custom Linux-based systems for embedded products regardless of hardware architecture. What’s Yocto Project It's not an embedded Linux distribution – it creates a custom one for yout
- 4. Create Linux rootfs is hard (1/2) python glibc apt-get busybox xwindow mir • Create your embedded linux roots from linux distros (TOP-DOWN) • Remove unneeded (be careful dependency issue) • Redo these step again when upgrade ? bash curl ethtool vim bc what we need what we want to remove
- 5. Create Linux rootfs is hard (2/2) • Create your embedded linux roots step by step (BOTTOM-UP) • It’s like what Linux From Scratch does • Hard to maintain glibc gcc busybox xwindow 1 2 3 4 libjpeg.so 5 6 libpng.so
- 6. • BuildRoot • OpenWrt • ltib • Scratchbox • OpenEmbedded Available system building tools
- 7. Yocto Project Overview • Poky • Build system used by the Yocto Project • BitBake • A task executor and scheduler • Metadata • Configuration (.conf) • global definitions of variables • Classes (.bbclass) • encapsulation and inheritance of build logic, packaging, etc • Recipes (.bb) • the logical units of software/images to build Poky = BitBake + metadata reference:Yocto Project Open Source Build System and Collaboration Initiative
- 9. • Toaster • web-based interface to OpenEmbedded and Bitbake • For more info, please see Toaster Manual What’s not cover in this slide
- 10. What’s not cover in this slide (cont’d) • ADT (Application Development Toolkit) • A series tools for develop with Eclipse IDE • tracing, profiling, debugging • For more info, please see Application Development Toolkit Manual
- 11. What’s not cover in this slide (cont’d) • How to create specific machine layer • you can use yocto-bsp command • How to build kernel/uboot
- 12. How to start ?
- 15. Yocto Project Quick Start
- 16. Wandboard (Freescale i.MX6) SAMA5D3 Xplained (ATMEL SAMA5D36 ) Edison (Intel Atom Z34XX) Books source: google image search beagleboard black (TI AM335x)
- 17. Quick Start
- 18. Yocto Project Release Versions code name version Release Date Current Version Support Level glibc/eglibc gcc TBD 1.9 Developmen t glibc-2.22 5.2 4.9.3 4.8 Fido 1.8 Apr 2015 1.8 Stable glibc-2.21 4.9 4.8 Dizzy 1.7 Oct 2014 1.7.2 Stable glibc-2.20 4.9 4.8 Daisy 1.6 Apr 2014 1.6.3 Community eglibc-2.19 4.8 Dora 1.5 Oct 2013 1.5.4 Community eglibc-2.18 eglibc-2.17 4.8 4.7 reference: https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/Releases
- 19. • Yocto support following Linux Distribution • ubuntu • fedora • openSUSE • CentOS • debian The Linux Distribution
- 20. Setup Environment • Ubuntu/Debian • CentOS • OpenSUSE • Fedora sudo apt-get install gawk wget git-core diffstat unzip texinfo gcc-multilib build-essential chrpath socat libsdl1.2-dev xterm sudo yum install gawk make wget tar bzip2 gzip python unzip perl patch diffutils diffstat git cpp gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel texinfo chrpath ccache perl-Data-Dumper perl-Text-ParseWords perl-Thread-Queue socat findutils which SDL-devel xterm sudo zypper install python gcc gcc-c++ git chrpath make wget python-xml diffstat makeinfo python-curses patch socat libSDL-devel xterm sudo yum install gawk make wget tar bzip2 gzip python unzip perl patch diffutils diffstat git cpp gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel texinfo chrpath socat SDL-devel xterm
- 21. • Download poky git clone http://git.yoctoproject.org/git/poky cd poky git checkout -b fido origin/fido Getting start with Yocto coldnew@Sara ~/poky $ tree . . !"" bitbake !"" build !"" documentation !"" LICENSE !"" meta !"" meta-selftest !"" meta-skeleton !"" meta-yocto !"" meta-yocto-bsp !"" oe-init-build-env !"" oe-init-build-env-memres !"" README !"" README.hardware #"" scripts 9 directories, 5 files
- 22. • You’ll at build dir after source the oe-init-build-env Build the minimal image for qemux86 coldnew@Sara ~/poky/build $ tree . . #"" conf !"" bblayers.conf !"" local.conf #"" templateconf.cfg 1 directory, 3 files • source the oe-init-build-env coldnew@Sara ~/poky $ source oe-init-build-env You can now run 'bitbake <target>' Common targets are: core-image-minimal core-image-sato
- 23. Build the minimal image for qemux86 coldnew@Sara ~/poky/build $ bitbake core-image-minimal WARNING: Host distribution "Gentoo" has not been validated with this version of the build system; you may possibly experience unexpected failures. It is recommended that you use a tested distribution. Loading cache: 100% |##############################| ETA: 00:00:00 Loaded 1286 entries from dependency cache. NOTE: Resolving any missing task queue dependencies Build Configuration: BB_VERSION = "1.26.0" BUILD_SYS = "x86_64-linux" NATIVELSBSTRING = "Gentoo" TARGET_SYS = "i586-poky-linux" MACHINE = "qemux86" DISTRO = "poky" DISTRO_VERSION = "1.8" TUNE_FEATURES = "m32 i586" TARGET_FPU = "" meta meta-yocto meta-yocto-bsp = "fido:08f9fbbc97909698b56200aa9be5fe50b99a44b2" NOTE: Preparing RunQueue NOTE: Executing SetScene Tasks NOTE: Executing RunQueue Tasks Currently 3 running tasks (161 of 1989): 0: gcc-source-4.9.2-r0 do_unpack (pid 26622)
- 24. What’s in the download dir ? coldnew@Sara ~/poky/build/downloads $ ls alsa-lib-1.0.27.2.tar.bz2 alsa-lib-1.0.27.2.tar.bz2.done atk-2.10.0.tar.xz atk-2.10.0.tar.xz.done ... bind9_9_5-CVE-2014-8500.patch.done bind-9.9.5.tar.gz bind-9.9.5.tar.gz.done binfmt-install.patch.done binutils-2.24.tar.bz2 binutils-2.24.tar.bz2.done binutils-armv5e.patch.done binutils_CVE-2014-8484.patch.done coldnew@Sara ~/poky/build $ tree -L 1 . . !"" bitbake.lock !"" cache !"" conf !"" downloads !"" sstate-cache #"" tmp 5 directories, 1 file
- 25. Find the generated files coldnew@Sara ~/poky/build $ tree -L 1 . . !"" bitbake.lock !"" cache !"" conf !"" downloads !"" sstate-cache #"" tmp 5 directories, 1 file coldnew@Sara ~/poky/build/tmp/deploy $ tree -L 2 . . !"" images $ #"" qemux86 !"" ipk $ !"" all $ !"" i586 $ !"" Packages $ #"" qemux86 #"" licenses !"" acl !"" acl-native !"" adwaita-icon-theme !"" alsa-lib ...
- 26. • Execute the runqemu command Emulation the image you build coldnew@Sara ~/poky/build $ runqemu qemux86 core-image-minimal nographic Assuming core-image-minimal really means ~/poky/build/tmp/deploy/images/ qemux86/core-image-minimal-qemux86.ext4 Continuing with the following parameters: KERNEL: [~/poky/build/tmp/deploy/images/qemux86/bzImage-qemux86.bin] ROOTFS: [~/poky/build/tmp/deploy/im ... Poky (Yocto Project Reference Distro) 1.8+snapshot-20150813 qemux86 /dev/ ttyS0 qemux86 login: root root@qemux86:~# Examples: runqemu qemuarm runqemu qemux86-64 core-image-sato ext4 runqemu path/to/bzImage-qemux86.bin path/to/nfsrootdir/ serial runqemu qemux86 ramfs runqemu qemux86 iso runqemu qemux86 qemuparams="-m 256" runqemu qemux86 bootparams="psplash=false" runqemu path/to/<image>-<machine>.vmdk • More examples
- 27. $ bitbake core-image-minimal *.conf*.conf*.conf local.conf bblayers.conf … parse core-image-minimal.bb reference: Poky meets Debian: Understanding How to Make an Embedded Linux by Using an Existing Distribution's Source Code glibc.bb busybox.bb udev.bb } build rootfs glibc udev busybox build gcc-cross.bb binutils-cross.bb }build gcc-cross binutils-cross target cross }build native xxx.bbxxx.bbxxx.bb xxxxxxxxx depend depend
- 28. operators • Various operators can be used to assign values to configuration variables: reference: Yocto project and open embedded training, p66 = expand the value then using the variable := immediately expand the value += append (with space) =+ prepend (with space) .= append (without space) =. prepend (without space) ?= assign if no other value was previously assigned ??= same as previous, with a lower precedence
- 29. operators • Avoid using +=, =+, .= and =. in conf/local.conf • if += is parsed before ?=, the latter will be discard. • Using _append unconditionally appends the value. reference: Yocto project and open embedded training, p67 DISTRO_FEATURES += "x11" DISTRO_FEATURES .= " x11” # same as above DISTRO_FEATURES_append = " x11" # same as above
- 30. conf/local.conf # # Machine Selection # # You need to select a specific machine to target the build with. There are a selection # of emulated machines available which can boot and run in the QEMU emulator: # #MACHINE ?= "qemuarm" #MACHINE ?= "qemuarm64" #MACHINE ?= "qemumips" #MACHINE ?= "qemuppc" #MACHINE ?= "qemux86" #MACHINE ?= "qemux86-64" # # There are also the following hardware board target machines included for # demonstration purposes: # #MACHINE ?= "beaglebone" #MACHINE ?= "genericx86" #MACHINE ?= "genericx86-64" #MACHINE ?= "mpc8315e-rdb" #MACHINE ?= "edgerouter" # # This sets the default machine to be qemux86 if no other machine is selected: MACHINE ??= "qemux86"
- 31. conf/local.conf # # Where to place downloads # # During a first build the system will download many different source code tarballs # from various upstream projects. This can take a while, particularly if your network # connection is slow. These are all stored in DL_DIR. When wiping and rebuilding you # can preserve this directory to speed up this part of subsequent builds. This directory # is safe to share between multiple builds on the same machine too. # # The default is a downloads directory under TOPDIR which is the build directory. # #DL_DIR ?= "${TOPDIR}/downloads" # # Where to place shared-state files # # BitBake has the capability to accelerate builds based on previously built output. # This is done using "shared state" files which can be thought of as cache objects # and this option determines where those files are placed. # # You can wipe out TMPDIR leaving this directory intact and the build would regenerate # from these files if no changes were made to the configuration. If changes were made # to the configuration, only shared state files where the state was still valid would # be used (done using checksums). # # The default is a sstate-cache directory under TOPDIR. # #SSTATE_DIR ?= "${TOPDIR}/sstate-cache"
- 32. conf/local.conf # # Default policy config # # The distribution setting controls which policy settings are used as defaults. # The default value is fine for general Yocto project use, at least initially. # Ultimately when creating custom policy, people will likely end up subclassing # these defaults. # DISTRO ?= "poky" # As an example of a subclass there is a "bleeding" edge policy configuration # where many versions are set to the absolute latest code from the upstream # source control systems. This is just mentioned here as an example, its not # useful to most new users. # DISTRO ?= "poky-bleeding" # # Package Management configuration # # This variable lists which packaging formats to enable. Multiple package backends # can be enabled at once and the first item listed in the variable will be used # to generate the root filesystems. # Options are: # - 'package_deb' for debian style deb files # - 'package_ipk' for ipk files are used by opkg (a debian style embedded package manager) # - 'package_rpm' for rpm style packages # E.g.: PACKAGE_CLASSES ?= "package_rpm package_deb package_ipk" # We default to rpm: PACKAGE_CLASSES ?= "package_rpm"
- 33. conf/local.conf # # Extra image configuration defaults # # The EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES variable allows extra packages to be added to the generated # images. Some of these options are added to certain image types automatically. The # variable can contain the following options: # "dbg-pkgs" - add -dbg packages for all installed packages # (adds symbol information for debugging/profiling) # "dev-pkgs" - add -dev packages for all installed packages # (useful if you want to develop against libs in the image) # "ptest-pkgs" - add -ptest packages for all ptest-enabled packages # (useful if you want to run the package test suites) # "tools-sdk" - add development tools (gcc, make, pkgconfig etc.) # "tools-debug" - add debugging tools (gdb, strace) # "eclipse-debug" - add Eclipse remote debugging support # "tools-profile" - add profiling tools (oprofile, exmap, lttng, valgrind) # "tools-testapps" - add useful testing tools (ts_print, aplay, arecord etc.) # "debug-tweaks" - make an image suitable for development # e.g. ssh root access has a blank password # There are other application targets that can be used here too, see # meta/classes/image.bbclass and meta/classes/core-image.bbclass for more details. # We default to enabling the debugging tweaks. EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES = "debug-tweaks"
- 34. conf/bblayers.conf # LAYER_CONF_VERSION is increased each time build/conf/bblayers.conf # changes incompatibly LCONF_VERSION = "6" BBPATH = "${TOPDIR}" BBFILES ?= "" BBLAYERS ?= " /Yocto/poky/meta /Yocto/poky/meta-yocto /Yocto/poky/meta-yocto-bsp " BBLAYERS_NON_REMOVABLE ?= " /Yocto/poky/meta /Yocto/poky/meta-yocto "
- 36. Create your own layers & recipes
- 37. • Create your layer by yocto-layer command • Or use yocto-bsp create <machine> <architecute> create bsp layer Create your own layers coldnew@Sara ~/poky $ yocto-layer create coscup Please enter the layer priority you'd like to use for the layer: [default: 6] Would you like to have an example recipe created? (y/n) [default: n] n Would you like to have an example bbappend file created? (y/n) [default: n] n New layer created in meta-coscup. Don't forget to add it to your BBLAYERS (for details see meta-coscupREADME). coldnew@Sara ~/poky/meta-coscup $ tree . . !"" conf $ #"" layer.conf !"" COPYING.MIT #"" README 1 directory, 3 files
- 38. • In conf/layer.conf Create your own layers coldnew@Sara ~/poky/meta-coscup $ tree . . !"" conf $ #"" layer.conf !"" COPYING.MIT #"" README 1 directory, 3 files # We have a conf and classes directory, add to BBPATH BBPATH .= ":${LAYERDIR}" # We have recipes-* directories, add to BBFILES BBFILES += "${LAYERDIR}/recipes-*/*/*.bb ${LAYERDIR}/recipes-*/*/*.bbappend" BBFILE_COLLECTIONS += "coscup" BBFILE_PATTERN_coscup = "^${LAYERDIR}/" BBFILE_PRIORITY_coscup = "6"
- 39. Layers (meta-*) Common recipes (meta, meta-yocto, meta-yocto-bsp) meta-qt5 BBFILE_PRIORITY_xxx meta-fsl-arm Override qtbase reference: Poky meets Debian: Understanding How to Make an Embedded Linux by Using an Existing Distribution's Source Code 5 6 7 meta-A meta-B meta-C A + B + C meta-X X 8
- 40. Add your layer in conf/bblayers.conf coldnew@Sara ~/poky/build $ vim conf/bblayers.conf # LAYER_CONF_VERSION is increased each time build/conf/bblayers.conf # changes incompatibly LCONF_VERSION = "6" BBPATH = "${TOPDIR}" BBFILES ?= "" BBLAYERS ?= " /Yocto/poky/meta /Yocto/poky/meta-yocto /Yocto/poky/meta-yocto-bsp /Yocto/poky/meta-coscup " BBLAYERS_NON_REMOVABLE ?= " /Yocto/poky/meta /Yocto/poky/meta-yocto " add your layers
- 42. Variables for writing recipes (1/2) • PN • Package Name (ex: glibc, busybox) • PV • Package Version (ex: 2.11.2, 1.1.0) • PR • Package Revision (r0, r1, r2 …) • WORKDIR • Top of the build directory • tmp/work/$ARCH/${PN}-${PV}-${PR} • S • Source code directory path used by do_unpack* and do_patch* • B • Build directory path used by do_configure and do_compile • D • Destination directory path used by do_install reference: Poky meets Debian: Understanding How to Make an Embedded Linux by Using an Existing Distribution's Source Code, p82 Bitbake Cheat Sheet
- 43. • ${prefix} • /usr • ${base_bindir} • /bin • ${base_sbindir} • /sbin • ${base_libdir} • /lib • ${datadir} • /usr/share • ${sysconfdir} • /etc • ${sbindir} • /usr/sbin • ${bindir} • /usr/bin reference: OE variable glossary • ${libdir} • /usr/lib • ${includedir} • /usr/include Variables for writing recipes (2/2)
- 44. bitbake Task Execution Package A do_fetch do_unpack do_patch do_configure do_compile do_install do_populate_sysroot do_package do_package_write_(type) do_package_write 1 2
- 45. Example: hello_0.1.bb (1/2) DESCRIPTION = "Simple helloworld application" SECTION = "examples" LICENSE = "MIT" LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://${COMMON_LICENSE_DIR}/MIT;md5=0835ade698e0bcf8506ecda2f7b4f302" PR = "r0" SRC_URI = "file://helloworld.c" S = "${WORKDIR}" do_compile() { ${CC} helloworld.c -o helloworld } do_install() { install -d ${D}${bindir} install -m 0755 helloworld ${D}${bindir} } coldnew@Sara ~/poky/meta-coscup $ mkdir -p recipes-example/hello coldnew@Sara ~/poky/meta-coscup $ vim recipes-example/hello/hello_0.1.bb coldnew@Sara ~/poky/meta-coscup/recipes-example $ tree -L 2 hello hello/ !"" hello-0.1 $ #"" helloworld.c #"" hello_0.1.bb 1 directory, 3 files
- 46. Example: hello_0.1.bb (2/2) DESCRIPTION = "Simple helloworld application" SECTION = "examples" LICENSE = "MIT" LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://${COMMON_LICENSE_DIR}/MIT;md5=0835ade698e0bcf8506ecda2f7b4f302" SRCBRANCH ??= "master" SRCREV ?= "6f833f8b94a02511f73263bc40d605c6f4ff018b" SRC_URI = "git://github.com/coldnew/COSCUP2015_yocto.git;protocol=ssh;branch=${SRCBRANCH}" S = "${WORKDIR}/git/example/hello" do_compile() { ${CC} hello.c -o hello } do_install() { install -d ${D}${bindir} install -m 0755 hello ${D}${bindir} } tmp/deploy/ipk/i586/hello_0.1-r0.4_i586.ipk tmp/deploy/ipk/i586/hello-dev_0.1-r0.4_i586.ipk tmp/deploy/ipk/i586/hello-dbg_0.1-r0.4_i586.ipk
- 47. Use bbappend to add patch/modify recipes • It’s not recommend to modify upstreams recipes directly • use *.bbappend instead • take hello_0.1.bb for example coldnew@Sara ~/poky/meta-coscup/recipes-example/hello $ tree -L 2 . . !"" hello-0.1 $ #"" 0001-hello-coscup.patch !"" hello_0.1.bb #"" hello_0.1.bbappend 1 directory, 3 files
- 48. Use bbappend to add patch/modify recipes (cont’d) Index: 0.1-r0/hello.c =================================================================== --- 0.1-r0.orig/hello.c +++ 0.1-r0/hello.c @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) { - printf("Hello world!n"); + printf("Hello COSCUP!n"); return 0; } FILESEXTRAPATHS_prepend := "${THISDIR}/${PN}-${PV}:" # Change "Hello World!" to "Hello COSCUP!" SRC_URI += "file://0001-hello-coscup.patch" • hello-0.1/0001-hello-coscup.patch • hello-0.1/0001-hello-coscup.patch
- 49. Example: openjpeg DESCRIPTION = "OpenJPEG library is an open-source JPEG 2000 codec" HOMEPAGE = "http://www.openjpeg.org/index.php?menu=main" LICENSE = "BSD" LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://LICENSE;md5=c648878b4840d7babaade1303e7f108c" SRC_URI = "${SOURCEFORGE_MIRROR}/project/${BPN}.mirror/${PV}/${BPN}-${PV}.tar.gz" SRC_URI[md5sum] = "f6419fcc233df84f9a81eb36633c6db6" SRC_URI[sha256sum] = "1232bb814fd88d8ed314c94f0bfebb03de8559583a33abbe8c64ef3fc0a8ff03" inherit cmake DEPENDS = "libpng tiff lcms" # standard path for *.cmake EXTRA_OECMAKE += "-DOPENJPEG_INSTALL_PACKAGE_DIR=${baselib}/cmake -DOPENJPEG_INSTALL_LIB_DIR:PATH=${libdir}" FILES_${PN}-dev += "${libdir}/cmake/*.cmake" meta-openembedded/meta-oe/recipes-graphics/openjpeg/openjpeg_2.1.0.bb
- 50. Example: hveged SUMMARY = "haveged - A simple entropy daemon" DESCRIPTION = “...” HOMEPAGE = "http://www.issihosts.com/haveged/index.html" LICENSE = "GPLv3" LIC_FILES_CHKSUM="file://COPYING;md5=d32239bcb673463ab874e80d47fae504" SRC_URI = "http://www.issihosts.com/haveged/haveged-${PV}.tar.gz file://remove-systemd-unit-503.patch" SRC_URI[md5sum] = "015ff58cd10607db0e0de60aeca2f5f8" SRC_URI[sha256sum] = "9c2363ed9542a6784ff08e247182137e71f2ddb79e8e6c1ac4ad50d21ced3715" inherit autotools systemd EXTRA_OECONF = " --enable-init=service.redhat --enable-nistest=yes --enable-olt=yes --enable-threads=no " SYSTEMD_PACKAGES = "${PN}" SYSTEMD_SERVICE_${PN} = "haveged.service" do_install_append() { mkdir -p ${D}${systemd_unitdir}/system install -p -m644 ${B}/init.d/haveged.service ${D}${systemd_unitdir}/system } meta-openembedded/meta-oe/recipes-extended/haveged/haveged_1.9.1.bb
- 51. Example: qtbase # separate some parts of PACKAGECONFIG which are often changed # be aware that you need to add icu to build qtwebkit, default # PACKAGECONFIG is kept rather minimal for people who don't need # stuff like webkit (and it's easier to add options than remove) PACKAGECONFIG_GL ?= "${@base_contains('DISTRO_FEATURES', 'opengl', 'gl', '', d)}" PACKAGECONFIG ?= " ${PACKAGECONFIG_SYSTEM} ${PACKAGECONFIG_MULTIMEDIA} ${PACKAGECONFIG_DISTRO} " # use either system freetype or bundled freetype, if you disable freetype completely # fontdatabases/basic/qbasicfontdatabase.cpp will fail to build and system freetype # works only together with fontconfig PACKAGECONFIG[freetype] = "-system-freetype,-freetype,freetype" PACKAGECONFIG[jpeg] = "-system-libjpeg,-no-libjpeg,jpeg" PACKAGECONFIG[libpng] = "-system-libpng,-no-libpng,libpng" PACKAGECONFIG[zlib] = "-system-zlib,-qt-zlib,zlib" PACKAGECONFIG[pcre] = "-system-pcre,-qt-pcre,pcre" meta-qt5/recipes-qt/qt5/qtbase_git.bb
- 52. Example: qtbase bbappend FILESEXTRAPATHS_prepend := "${THISDIR}/${PN}:" # Add support to accessibility, qtquickcontrol need this PACKAGECONFIG_append = " accessibility " # We use fontconfig (depends on glib) PACKAGECONFIG_append = " glib fontconfig freetype " # Use gles2 for non X11 build PACKAGECONFIG_append = " ${@base_contains('DISTRO_FEATURES', 'x11', '', 'gles2', d)} " # Our UI team use sqlite PACKAGECONFIG_append = " sql-sqlite " meta-coscup/recipes-qt/qt5/qtbase_%.bbappend
- 53. Add package to your image • The easiest way is add following to your local.conf IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " hello" • Or create your own image, ex: coscup-image-minimal coldnew@Sara ~/poky/meta-coscup $ mkdir -p recipes-core/image coldnew@Sara ~/poky/meta-coscup $ vim recipes-core/image/coscup-image-minimal.bb SUMMARY = "A console-only image for COSCUP2015" LICENSE = "MIT" LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://${COMMON_LICENSE_DIR}/MIT;md5=0835ade698e0bcf8506ecda2f7b4f302" # This image is based on core-image-minimal include recipes-core/images/core-image-minimal.bb IMAGE_INSTALL_append_qemux86 = " hello" IMAGE_INSTALL_append_raspberrypi = "" IMAGE_INSTALL += “ vim strace ” # Add package-manager support IMAGE_FEATURES += " package-management" # Add ssh server support, or add ssh-server-dropbear here. IMAGE_FEATURES += "ssh-server-openssh"
- 54. Create the SDK • Use populate_sdk to generate image’s SDK coldnew@Sara ~/poky/build $ bitbake core-image-minimal -c populate_sdk • The sdks is locate at tmp/deploy/sdk dir coldnew@Sara ~/poky/build $ ls tmp/deploy/sdk poky-glibc-i686-core-image-minimal-i586-toolchain-1.8+snapshot.host.manifest poky-glibc-i686-core-image-minimal-i586-toolchain-1.8+snapshot.sh poky-glibc-i686-core-image-minimal-i586-toolchain-1.8+snapshot.target.manifest • Install sdk by execute it ./poky-glibc-i686-core-image-minimal-i586-toolchain-1.8+snapshot.sh Poky (Yocto Project Reference Distro) SDK installer version 1.8+snapshot =========================================================== Enter target directory for SDK (default: /opt/poky/1.8+snapshot): You are about to install the SDK to "/opt/poky/1.8+snapshot". Proceed[Y/n]?y Extracting SDK… Setting it up...done SDK has been successfully set up and is ready to be used. Each time you wish to use the SDK in a new shell session, you need to source the environment setup script e.g. $ . /opt/poky/1.8+snapshot/environment-setup-i586-poky-linux
- 55. • Remember to change the DISTRO variable in local.conf Create your distro to make local.conf more distributable • It’s useful to distribute changes that have been made in local.conf coldnew@Sara ~/poky/meta-coscup $ mkdir -p conf/distro coldnew@Sara ~/poky/meta-coscup $ vim conf/distro/coscup.conf # base on poky require conf/distro/poky.conf DISTRO = "coscup" DISTRO_NAME = "Coscup (Example distro)" DISTRO_VERSION = "1.0" # Many config in local.conf can move here DISTRO_FEATURES_append = " wayland" # Use systemd as our runtime services VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_init_manager ?= "systemd" VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_initscripts ?= "" DISTRO_FEATURES_append = " systemd" DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED = "sysvinit" # Uncomment this for use uclibc instead of glibc # TCLIBC = "uclibc" DISTRO = "coscup"
- 57. Package Management • Enable package management by IMAGE_FEATURES reference: http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/1.8/mega-manual/mega-manual.html#runtime-package-management-build IMAGE_FEATURES += " package-management" # PACKAGE_CLASSES ?= "package_rpm package_deb package_ipk" # We default to rpm: PACKAGE_CLASSES ?= "package_rpm" coldnew@Sara ~/coscup/build/tmp/deploy $ python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8000 PACKAGE_FEED_URIS = "http://10.0.2.15:8000" • Make sure you build the deb, rpm or ipk package in local.conf • Add feed url in your local.conf • Start http-server in your deploy dir
- 58. Package Management (cont’d) • apt-get (.deb) reference: http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/1.8/mega-manual/mega-manual.html#runtime-package-management-build • smart (.rpm) • opkg (.ipk) root@qemux86:~# opkg update root@qemux86:~# opkg install hexedit • Refresh your package index coldnew@Sara ~/coscup/build $ bitbake package-index root@qemux86:~# smart update root@qemux86:~# smart install hexedit root@qemux86:~# apt-get update root@qemux86:~# apt-get install hexedit
- 59. Use SDL instead of VNC when runqemu • If you don’t want to use vnc when execute runqemu reference: [yocto] runqemu: vnc server running on ::1:5900 coldnew@Sara ~/coscup/build $ runqemu qemux86 core-image-sato … vnc server running on ::1:5900 # # Qemu configuration # # By default qemu will build with a builtin VNC server where graphical output # can be seen. The two lines below enable the SDL backend too. This assumes # there is a libsdl library available on your build system. PACKAGECONFIG_append_pn-qemu-native = " sdl" PACKAGECONFIG_append_pn-nativesdk-qemu = " sdl" ASSUME_PROVIDED += "libsdl-native" • Add following to your local.conf • Re-build qemu-native again coldnew@Sara ~/coscup/build $ bitbake -c cleansstate qemu-native ; bitbake qemu-native
- 60. Set default root password • Add to your image’s bbappends • ex: core-image-minimal.bbappend inherit extrausers ROOTPASSWORD = "123456789" ROOTUSERNAME = "root" EXTRA_USERS_PARAMS = "usermod -P ${ROOTPASSWORD} ${ROOTUSERNAME};" inherit extrausers ROOTPASSWORD = "123456789" ROOTUSERNAME = "root" pkg_postinst_${PN} () { #!/bin/sh -e # Note: Destination directory is available during boot # process and unset at first boot if [ -z $D ]; then usermod -p ${ROOTPASSWORD} ${ROOTUSERNAME}; fi } or reference: https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/FAQ:How_do_I_set_or_change_the_root_password
- 61. FATAL: kernel too old • Building glibc need to specify kernel version • configure --enable-kernel=2.6.32 when building glibc • Add to your local.conf • Since glibc 2.20 the minimal required kernel is 2.6.32 • You can’t use dizzy (1.7) or above if your kernel version is less than 2.6.32 • For more info, please see here and here OLDEST_KERNEL = “2.6.32" reference: [yocto] Glibc kernel version depends
- 62. PR-Service • Add to your local.conf to enable PR-Service locally # Enable prservice to auto incremental PR value # see: https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/PR_Service PRSERV_HOST = "localhost:0" • It’s annoying to upgrade PR variable when change recipes • How to share current package PR version across different build host ? • Use PR-Service to solve these issue (not enable by default) • Start PR server (server ip: 192.168.1.123, port: 9090) # Enable prservice to auto incremental PR value # see: https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/PR_Service PRSERV_HOST = “192.168.1.123:9090” coldnew@Sara ~/poky/build $ bitbake-prserv —host <server ip> —port <port> --start • In local.conf
- 63. Misc • Add to your local.conf to set default timezone DEFAULT_TIMEZONE="Asia/Taipei" • Add to your local.conf to save disk spaces # Uncomment this to delete work files as the build progresses rather than # keeping them around, which saves a lot of disk space. However, if any # problems arise it can be useful to have the work files to examine, which # is why it is off by default. INHERIT += "rm_work" PREFERRED_VERSION_hello = “0.1” PREFERRED_VERSION_lighttpd = "1.4.35" • Lock package version
- 64. Buildhistory • Add following to your local.conf INHERIT += "buildhistory" BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT = "1" • You can use buildhistory-diff see changes in different build coldnew@Sara ~/poky/build $ buildhistory-diff • You can use buildhistory-diff see changes in different build coldnew@Sara ~/poky/build/buildhistory $ tree -L 2 . . !"" images $ #"" qemux86 !"" metadata-revs #"" packages !"" all-poky-linux !"" i586-poky-linux !"" qemux86-poky-linux #"" x86_64-linux 7 directories, 1 file
- 65. Buildhistory (cont’d) coldnew@Sara ~/poky/build/buildhistory $ ls build-id.txt files-in-image.txt depends.dot image-files depends-nokernel.dot image-info.txt depends-nokernel-nolibc.dot installed-package-names.txt depends-nokernel-nolibc-noupdate.dot installed-package-sizes.txt depends-nokernel-nolibc-noupdate-nomodules.dot installed-packages.txt digraph depends { node [shapeplaintext "udev" -> "libblkid1"; "udev" -> "libc6"; "udev" -> "libkmod2"; "udev" -> "udev-cache" [styledotted; "udev" -> "update-rcd" [styledotted; "udev-cache" -> "update-rcd" [styledotted; "v86d" -> "kernel-module-uvesafb" [styledotted; "v86d" -> "libc6"; "v86d" -> "update-rcd" [styledotted; } • See dependencies in depends.dot
- 66. Buildhistory (cont’d) coldnew@Sara ~/poky/build/buildhistory $ ls build-id.txt files-in-image.txt depends.dot image-files depends-nokernel.dot image-info.txt depends-nokernel-nolibc.dot installed-package-names.txt depends-nokernel-nolibc-noupdate.dot installed-package-sizes.txt depends-nokernel-nolibc-noupdate-nomodules.dot installed-packages.txt lrwxrwxrwx root root 19 ./bin/usleep -> /bin/busybox.nosuid lrwxrwxrwx root root 19 ./bin/vi -> /bin/busybox.nosuid lrwxrwxrwx root root 19 ./bin/watch -> /bin/busybox.nosuid lrwxrwxrwx root root 19 ./bin/zcat -> /bin/busybox.nosuid drwxr-xr-x root root 4096 ./boot drwxr-xr-x root root 4096 ./dev drwxr-xr-x root root 4096 ./etc -rw-r--r-- root root 2276 ./etc/busybox.links.nosuid -rw-r--r-- root root 91 ./etc/busybox.links.suid drwxr-xr-x root root 4096 ./etc/default • See all files in files-in-image.txt
- 67. Buildhistory (cont’d) coldnew@Sara ~/poky/build/buildhistory $ ls build-id.txt files-in-image.txt depends.dot image-files depends-nokernel.dot image-info.txt depends-nokernel-nolibc.dot installed-package-names.txt depends-nokernel-nolibc-noupdate.dot installed-package-sizes.txt depends-nokernel-nolibc-noupdate-nomodules.dot installed-packages.txt 3104 KiB libc6 612 KiB udev 537 KiB busybox 283 KiB libblkid1 135 KiB sysvinit 126 KiB v86d 90 KiB libkmod2 89 KiB libz1 32 KiB kernel-module-uvesafb 25 KiB initscripts 23 KiB netbase • See all package size in installed-package-sizes.txt
- 68. Mailing Lists • Yocto Project Discussions (yocto) • Discussion with Yocto Project developers - start here with general questions. • Yocto Project Announcements (yocto-announce) • Announcements of project developments and milestones. Low traffic. • Builds (yocto-builds) • Automated feed for autobuilder results. • OpenEmbedded Core Developers • Developer discussions about the openembedded-core layer. * reference: https://www.yoctoproject.org/tools-resources/community/mailing-lists
- 69. Where to Send Patches reference: see README in poky Where to Send Patches ===================== As Poky is an integration repository (built using a tool called combo-layer), patches against the various components should be sent to their respective upstreams: bitbake: Git repository: http://git.openembedded.org/bitbake/ Mailing list: [email protected] documentation: Git repository: http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/yocto-docs/ Mailing list: [email protected] meta-yocto(-bsp): Git repository: http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/meta-yocto(-bsp) Mailing list: [email protected] Everything else should be sent to the OpenEmbedded Core mailing list. If in doubt, check the oe-core git repository for the content you intend to modify. Before sending, be sure the patches apply cleanly to the current oe-core git repository. Git repository: http://git.openembedded.org/openembedded-core/ Mailing list: [email protected] Note: The scripts directory should be treated with extra care as it is a mix of oe-core and poky-specific files.
- 70. How to Send Patches reference: see README in meta-qt5 Send pull requests to [email protected] with '[meta-qt5]' in the subject' When sending single patches, please using something like: 'git send-email -M -1 --to [email protected] —subject-prefix=meta- qt5][PATCH' coldnew@Sara ~/poky/meta-qt5 $ git send-email -M -1 --to openembedded- [email protected] —subject-prefix=meta-qt5][PATCH • Take meta-qt5 as example • After commit to local repo, use git-send-email to send patch
- 71. Want to Learn More ? • Yocto project and open embedded training • Poky meets Debian: Understanding How to Make an Embedded Linux by Using an Existing Distribution's Source Code
- 72. Q & A
- 73. Backup Slides
- 74. Example: hello_0.1.bb DESCRIPTION = "Simple helloworld application" SECTION = "examples" LICENSE = "MIT" LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://${COMMON_LICENSE_DIR}/MIT;md5=0835ade698e0bcf8506ecda2f7b4f302" PR = "r0" SRC_URI = "file://helloworld.c" S = "${WORKDIR}" do_compile() { ${CC} helloworld.c -o helloworld } do_install() { install -d ${D}${bindir} install -m 0755 helloworld ${D}${bindir} } BBCLASSEXTEND = "native nativesdk" coldnew@Sara ~/coscup/build $ bitbake hello coldnew@Sara ~/coscup/build $ bitbake hello-native coldnew@Sara ~/coscup/build $ bitbake nativesdk-hello
- 75. Example: hexedit SUMMARY = "view and edit files in hexadecimal or in ASCII" HOMEPAGE = "http://rigaux.org/hexedit.html" SECTION = "console/utils" LICENSE = "GPLv2+" DEPENDS = "ncurses" LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://COPYING;md5=0636e73ff0215e8d672dc4c32c317bb3" SRC_URI = "http://rigaux.org/${BP}.src.tgz file://0001-don-t-strip-when-installing.patch " SRC_URI[md5sum] = "a5af1378d028512a9cad27a5ba3e15f9" SRC_URI[sha256sum] = "6a126da30a77f5c0b08038aa7a881d910e3b65d13767fb54c58c983963b88dd7" inherit autotools-brokensep S = "${WORKDIR}/${BPN}" reference: autotools-brokensep: Mark recipes with broken separate build dir support meta-oe/recipes-extended/hexedit/hexedit_1.2.13.bb BP = hexedit-1.2.13 BPN = 1.2.13 autotools-brokensep is for those which use autotools but don’t support a separate build directory ( ${S} != ${B} )
- 76. • Add to your local.conf Customizing the Image • Add EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES = “<feature>” Option description dbg-pkgs -dbg packages for all installed packages dev-pkgs -dev packages for all installed packages tools-sdk Development tools such as gcc, make tools-debug Debugging tools such as gdb and strace tools-testapps Testing tools such as ts_print, aplay debug-tweaks Makes an image suitable for development, ex: no password EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES = " debug-tweaks dev-pkgs"