Caldera Learn - LoopConf WP API + Angular FTW Workshop

WORDPRESS REST API AND
ANGULARJS
FTW!
Roy Sivan and Josh Pollock
CalderaLearn.com

CalderaLabs.org
Join our Slack
LoopConf Slack: #workshop-wpapi
We will be posting links, taking
questions, and communicating
throughout the day via Slack

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Hi I'm Josh
Lead Developer: Caldera Labs
I make WordPress plugins
I teach about WordPress
I wrote a book about the WordPress REST API
I am a core contributor to WordPress
I am a member of The WP Crowd

CalderaLearn.com
Hi, I'm Roy
Senior Software Engineer:
The Walt Disney Company
I am a member of The WP Crowd
I blog on roysivan.com
I teach on Lynda.com & CalderaLearn
People say Hi to me a lot

What We're Covering Today
REST API 101
Building Custom REST APIs
Unit Testing Custom REST APIs
LUNCH BREAK
AngularJS (1.x) Basics
Building Decoupled Front-ends
Building Plugin Admin Screens

Educational Philosophy
All code is or is based on real world projects
We will show different ways of doing the same
thing.
Please ask why it's different
◇ we may give you a good answer
Stop us and ask questions

Structure For Today
foreach ( $sections as $section ) :
Concepts / Lecture
Example Code Walkthrough (you will be cloning locally)
Hands-on
DIY Group
Walk Through Code Group
endforeach;

WARNING
This workshop is to help you understand the basics
and some advanced technologies. Nothing will be
production ready code.

What you need for today
IDE or text editor (PHPStorm, Sublime, etc.)
Local WP install (VVV, DesktopServer, etc.)
npm
PHPUnit (optional, included in VVV)
Composer (optional)
AngularJS Batarang Chrome Extension
https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/angularjs-batarang/ighdmehid
hipcmcojjgiloacoafjmpfk?hl=en

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0.
WordPress REST API?
Do we even need it?

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NO
But you can build cool stuff with it.

It’s all about the Data
Data!
Data!
Data!

“
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The API allows you to take WP data and put it in a
bucket. What you do with that bucket is up to you.
-- Morten Rand Hendriksen
@mor10

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What can we
build with it?
Facebooks? Myspaces?

API Powered Stuff
Things you can build that are powered by the API
Phone apps
Custom UI widgets on your site
Why use feed of another site, when you can API
Custom Dashboards in the admin
Custom WP Dashboard (YAS!)
User role based dashboard

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1.
Custom REST APIs
With The WordPress REST API

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Modify Default Routes

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WordPress Gives Us
Routes
Which We Can Extend

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Create Your Own Routes

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Or We Can Make Our Own
With The Same Tools

How The REST API Works
WP_REST_Server ??WP_REST_Request WP_REST_Response

How The REST API Works
WP_REST_Server
Route
Callback
WP_REST_Request WP_REST_Response
ERROR!
ERROR!

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Let's Talk About The
Orange Box
The Route Callback

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Extending Defaults
Adding Post Type
Support

add_action( 'init', 'my_book_cpt' );
function my_book_cpt() {
$labels = array(...);
$args = array(
...
'rest_controller_class' => 'WP_REST_Posts_Controller',
'show_in_rest' => true,
'rest_base' => 'books-api',
);
register_post_type( 'book', $args );
}
Add REST API Support To Post Type Registration

add_action( 'init', 'my_custom_post_type_rest_support', 25 );
function my_custom_post_type_rest_support() {
global $wp_post_types;
$post_type_name = 'book';
if( isset( $wp_post_types[ $post_type_name ] ) ) {
$wp_post_types[$post_type_name]->show_in_rest = true;
$wp_post_types[$post_type_name]->rest_base = $post_type_name;
$wp_post_types[$post_type_name]->rest_controller_class =
'WP_REST_Posts_Controller';
}
}
Add REST API Support To An Existing Post Type

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Extending Defaults
Adding A Custom Field

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Custom Field Is Any Data
Not just meta fields

add_action( 'rest_api_init', 'slug_register_spaceship' );
function slug_register_spaceship() {
register_api_field( 'post',
'starship',
array(
'get_callback' => 'slug_get_meta_field',
'update_callback' => 'slug_update_meta_field',
)
);
}
Adding Custom Fields To A Response: Registration

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Making Custom REST
APIs
The Basics
How It Works

add_action( 'rest_api_init', function () {
register_rest_route( 'myplugin/v1', '/author/(?P<id>d+)', array(
'methods' => 'GET',
'callback' => 'route_callback',
) );
} );
Registering A Route

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Creating Callback Class
Register Route(s)

class my_simple_route {
public function register_routes(){
$namespace = 'my-api/v1';
register_rest_route( $namespace, '/items', [
'methods' => 'GET',
'callback' => [ $this, 'get_items' ],
'permissions_callback' => [ $this, 'get_items_permissions' ]
] );
...
}
}
Registering Route(s)

class my_simple_route {
public function register_routes(){
...
register_rest_route( $namespace, '/items/(?P<id>d+)', [
'methods' => 'GET',
'callback' => [ $this, 'get_item' ],
'permissions_callback' => [ $this,
'get_item_permissions' ]
] );
}
}
Registering Route(s)

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Defining Route Fields

register_rest_route( $this->namespace, '/items/(?P<id>d+)', [
...
'args' => [
'type' => [
'required' => true,
'validate_callback' => [ $this, 'validate_type' ]
],
'number' => [
'default' => 5,
'sanitize_callback' => 'absint'
]
]
] );
Registering Route(s) : Defining Fields

Registering Route(s) : Field Sanitization Callback
Use to ensure data is safe.
Defined using a callable.
Change data to a safe value.
Return prepared value

Registering Route(s) : Field Validation Callback
Use to ensure data is correct.
Defined using a callable.
Used to reject invalid requests
Return true or false

Registering Route(s) : Field Validation Callback
public function validate_type( $value ){
if( !in_array( $value, [ 'big', 'small',
'very-small' ] ) ){
return false;
}
return true;
}

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Permissions Callback

Registering Route(s) : Permissions Callback
Determine if user is authorized.
Return true or false

Example: Make require login.
public function get_items_permissions(){
if( is_user_logged_in() ){
return true;
}
return false;
}

Example: Limit To Admins
if( current_user_can( 'manage_options' ) ){
return true;
}
return false;
}

Example: Allow Always
return true;
}

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Route Callback Function

Registering Route(s) : Callback
Do something with the request
Gets an object of WP_REST_Request
Should return WP_REST_Response or WP_Error

WP_Rest_Response
Represents current request
Contains:
◇ Parameters
◇ Headers
No need to access $_GET, $_POST, $_REQUEST
Implements Arrayaccess
$request->param( 'field_name' );
$request[ 'field_name' ];

Registering Route(s) : Callback
public function get_item( WP_REST_Request $request ){
$id = $request[ 'id' ];
$item = slug_crud_get( $id );
if( ! empty( $item ) && ! is_wp_error( $item ) ){
return rest_ensure_response( $item );
}elseif ( is_wp_error( $item ) ){
return $item;
}else{
$response = new WP_REST_Response( 'No items found', 404 );
return $response;
}
}

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Initializing The Class
The rest_api_init action

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rest_api_init
Use To Load Code Only
Needed In REST API Requests

Registering Route(s) : Initializing
add_action( 'rest_api_init', function(){
$route = new my_simple_route();
$route->register_routes();
});

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2.
Unit Testing Custom
REST APIs
Subtitle

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Goal
Only Test Our Endpoints

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PHPUnit +
WP_UnitTestCase

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Setting Up
Prepare To Test

Unit Testing 101
Make Sure Things Return What They Should Return
$this->assertEquals( 42, function_that_returns_42() );
$this->assertSame( '42', function_that_returns_42() );
$this->assertArrayHasKey( 'roy', array( 'roy' => 'hi' ) );
Google: "Pippin Williamson Unit Tests for WordPress Plugins"

Install PHPUnit
wget https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit.phar
chmod +x phpunit.phar
mv phpunit.phar /usr/local/bin/phpunit
wget https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit.phar
php phpunit.phar

Install WP CLI
curl -O
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wp-cli/builds/gh-pages/
phar/wp-cli.phar
php wp-cli.phar --info
chmod +x wp-cli.phar
sudo mv wp-cli.phar /usr/local/bin/wp

Initialize Unit Tests
wp scaffold plugin-tests

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Writing Tests
Testing!

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Mock
Requests

An Example
public function test_get_items_author_query() {
$this->factory->post->create( array( 'post_author' => 4 ) );
$this->factory->post->create( array( 'post_author' => 2 );
$request = new WP_REST_Request( 'GET', '/wp/v2/posts' );
$response = $this->server->dispatch( $request );
$this->assertEquals( 200, $response->get_status() );
$this->assertEquals( 3, count( $response->get_data() ) );
}

An Example
public function test_get_items_author_query() {
$this->factory->post->create( array( 'post_author' => 2 );
$request = new WP_REST_Request( 'GET', '/wp/v2/posts' );
$request->set_param( 'author', 4 );
$this->assertEquals( 2, count( $response->get_data() ) );
}

Unit Test Case For REST API Endpoints
Create a reusable class that:
Create Instance of WP_REST_Server
Boot routes
Make sure route is booted

Test Case Outline
class Test_API extends WP_UnitTestCase {
/** @var WP_REST_Server*/
protected $server;
protected $namespaced_route = 'caldera-forms/v1';
public function setUp() {}
public function test_register_route() {}
public function test_endpoints() {}
}

Test Case: Set Up
protected $server;
public function setUp() {
parent::setUp();
/** @var WP_REST_Server $wp_rest_server */
global $wp_rest_server;
$this->server = $wp_rest_server = new WP_REST_Server;
do_action( 'rest_api_init' );
}

Test Case: Test Route Is Registered
public function test_register_route() {
$routes = $this->server->get_routes();
$this->assertArrayHasKey( $this->namespaced_route,
$routes );
}

Test Case: Test Endpoints Exist
public function test_endpoints() {
$the_route = $this->namespaced_route;
$routes = $this->server->get_routes();
foreach( $routes as $route => $route_config ) {
if( 0 === strpos( $the_route, $route ) ) {
$this->assertTrue( is_array( $route_config ) );
foreach( $route_config as $i => $endpoint ) {
$this->assertArrayHasKey( 'callback', $endpoint );
$this->assertArrayHasKey( 0, $endpoint[ 'callback' ], get_class( $this ) );
$this->assertArrayHasKey( 1, $endpoint[ 'callback' ], get_class( $this ) );
$this->assertTrue( is_callable( array( $endpoint[ 'callback' ][0], $endpoint[ 'callbac
][1] ) ) );
}
}
}

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Testing
Custom Routes

Test Your API Only!!!
Test internal logic elsewhere
Test control of that logic
Test response format
Trust core

Example Route Test
class Test_Hi extends Test_API {
protected $namespace = '/hi-api/v1/names';
public function test_list() {
$request = new WP_REST_Request( 'GET', $this->namespace );
$data = $response->get_data();
$this->assertArrayHasKey( 'name', $data[0] );
$this->assertEquals( 'shawn', $data[0][ 'name' ] );
$this->assertArrayHasKey( 'name', $data[1] );
$this->assertEquals( 'roy', $data[1][ 'name' ] );
}
}

Example Route Test
class Test_Hi extends Test_API {
protected $namespace = '/hi-api/v1/names';
public function test_single(){
$request = new WP_REST_Request( 'GET', $this->namespace . '/roy' );
$data = $response->get_data();
$this->assertArrayHasKey( 'name', $data );
$this->assertEquals( 'roy', $data[ 'name' ] );
}
}

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3.
Getting Started With
AngularJS 1.x
Controllers, Templates, Services & Factories

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3 con’t
Why Angular?
You know it’s in the title of the workshop, right?

“
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AngularJS is the best JavaScript Framework.
-- Roy Sivan
Senior WordPress Engineer at Disney (so you know he is legit)

Not WordPress
To get you through the basics of
AngularJS we will be using
sample data, not WP
Our First Project
No npm or gulp
We aren’t using any build tools,
this is a pure sample
https://github.com/caldera-learn/angularjs-intro

Quicker & Easier
Quicker to get going to show
overall concepts.
Honest Truth
We already have a few projects
built in it that are ready to go
Why 1.x? 2 is in RC!
Roy is lazy
I am not lazy, but didn’t have
time to learn it deeply enough
yet to give a full workshop on it.
Josh Switched Teams
He used to be team NG1.
Now he is team VueJS.

HTML powered JavaScript
With Angular 1.x you can use
HTML to do most things reserved
for PHP.
Get the data using JS, template
with HTML. No PHP needed.

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Step 1
Setup the APP

Setting up the app
All functionality lives within 1 app
We use ng-app to encapsulate the app in the DOM, it can be used on
any element including HTML.
Using it on the HTML encapsulates the whole DOM

Sample Data JSON
data.json
This file is going to be a sample of data, that we are going to use to build out
a simple Angular App, we will then replace it with the WordPress REST API

Injectables
Injectables are objects which can be injected and used in
controllers, directives, etc.
We will be creating our own later...

AngularJS Controllers
Controller is all about $scope
A Controller is defined by a JavaScript constructor function that is used to
augment the AngularJS Scope. When a Controller is attached to the DOM via
the ng-controller directive, AngularJS will instantiate a new Controller
object, using the specified Controller's constructor function
All new data to be used must be stored within $scope.your_key
ng-controller

All Together - JS
wpNG = {};
wpNG.app = ( function( app ){
console.log( 'initializing..' );
// define our app
app = angular.module('wpAngularApp', [])
.controller( 'listView', ['$scope', '$http', function( $scope, $http ) {
…
}]);
return app;
}(wpNG.app || {});

All Together - HTML
<div ng-app="wpAngularApp" id="app-container">
<div ng-controller="listView">

</div>
</div>

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Step 2
HTML! Looping through the data

First we must get data
$http is a jQuery AJAX wrapper & returns a promise
$http({method: ‘’, url: ‘’})
$http.get(url)
$http.post(url)
Because it returns a promise we use .then()

Say hello to JSON
JSON is the JavaScript Object Notation.
We display JSON with curly brackets
We work with JSON similar to PHP arrays
{{Object.key}} displays that key value
In PHP that would be $object[‘key’];

The loop HTML
<div ng-controller="listView">
<h2>Posts</h2>

<article ng-repeat="post in posts">
<h2>{{post.title}}</h2>
</article>
</div>

Add more data
<article ng-repeat="post in posts">
<img ng-src="{{post.image}}" />
<h2>{{post.title}}</h2>
<div
class="post-content"
ng-bind-html="post.content | to_trusted">
</div>
</article>

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4.
Decoupled Front-ends
With AngularJS
A site has no WordPress

Decoupled Front End
Decouple front end is a front end app that doesn’t live within
WordPress at all.
Your website: myawesomesite.com
Decoupled: myawesomeapp.com - but running on the same
data!
How cool is that!

Decoupled Use Cases
Phone App
Piece of functionality that communicates with WP data
Advanced, Unique UI
Combine with other APIs
Different Stack (decoupled app doesn’t need to be PHP)

Our decoupled App
npm
gulp
REST url that is publicly accessible (we will give you one)
Tacos, you always need tacos.
What you will need:
https://github.com/caldera-learn/decoupled-app

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What About CORS?
Cross-Origin Resource Sharing

CORS
Allows browsers to make requests across
domains.
IS NOT SECURITY!!
By default WordPress REST API is same-origin
only.
Set at rest_pre_serve_request hook

Allow All Domains For All Methods
add_action( 'rest_api_init', function() {
remove_filter( 'rest_pre_serve_request', 'rest_send_cors_headers' );
add_filter( 'rest_pre_serve_request', function( $value ) {
header( 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *' );
header( 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS, PUT,
DELETE' );
header( 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true' );
return $value;
});
}, 15 );

Only Allow GET Requests
$origin = get_http_origin();
if ( $origin ) {
header( 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin: ' . esc_url_raw( $origin ) );
}
header( 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin: ' . esc_url_raw( site_url() ) );
header( 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods: GET' );
return $value;
});
}, 15 );

Allows From Certain Origins
$origin = get_http_origin();
if ( $origin && in_array( $origin, array(
'https://hiroy.club'
) ) ) {
header( 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin: ' . esc_url_raw( $origin ) );
header( 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS, PUT, DELETE' );
header( 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true' );
}
return $value;
});
}, 15 );

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Factories, Storage,
UI-Router, and
Templates
All the things!

AngularJS Factories
Factories allow you to create injectable objects.
Inject $resource into the factory it to create an object that can automatically handle REST calls.
app.factory('Posts',function($resource){
return $resource( ngWP.config.api + ‘/:post_type/:ID?per_page=:per_page’, {
post_type: 'posts',
ID:'@id',
per_page: ngWP.config.posts_per_page,
});
})

AngularJS Factories cont’d
Posts.get()
Posts.query() - like get, but expects array
Posts.save()
Posts.delete()
Posts.remove()
Unlike $http these do not return promises

Local Storage
https://github.com/grevory/angular-local-storage
An AngularJS module that gives you access to the browser’s local storage with
cookie fallback.
Local storage is a key/value store which we call on. In our example the regular posts (blog) will check for
local storage first, before hitting the API.

UI-Router
https://github.com/angular-ui/ui-router
The Angular-UI project adds modules and functionality to Angular (think WP plugins for WP)
State Driven Routing
& a lot of other functionality we won’t need.
Shows its true power when you have 1 view within another (post.detail within post.list)

Templates
Separating out templates into templates directory
Cleaner code
Separation of views
1 controller can have 1 template
1 template can be powered by multiple controllers
Pure HTML (with JSON)

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Now Entering
The Danger Zone

First thing is first
Clone the repo
You will need to run npm install and gulp

The config file
Create a file called config.js in /assets/js
var ngWP = ngWP || {};
ngWP.config = {
api: 'https://calderaforms.com/wp-json/',
posts_per_page: 5
// Not needed for our menu: 'app'
};

Stepping through the code
Main APP file
UI Router Definitions
Small controllers live here
Templates
Blog/Author List
Blog Detail
Product List

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5.
Plugin Admin Screens
With AngularJS
The UI Router
Making Mini-Apps To Make WordPress Better

Very Similar To
Regular NG App

Basic
Use add_admin_menu() to print basic HTML
Use ui-router to switch routes inside admin
page.
Use wp_localize_script() for config

Questions?
Use PHP or HTML files for templates?
How to handle translations?
wp_localize_script()
PHP templates

What’s Next?
Angular 2 Theme currently in development
github.com/royboy789/Angular-Wordpress-Theme/tree/v7
Vue.JS - The new simple JS framework
ReactJS - What everyone else wants you to learn
Admin Theme Boilerplate
github.com/WordPress-Admin-JavaScript-Boilerplate/ReactJS-Boilerplate

Want more Roy & Josh teachings?
Caldera Learn teaches through 4-week live classroom
style webinars. Teachers are Josh and/or Roy with future
guest teachers

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Josh Pollock
JoshPress.net
CalderaForms.com
CalderaLearn.com
CalderaLabs.org
@Josh412

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Roy Sivan
theWPCrowd.com
RoySivan.com
Lynda.com
CaldraLearn.com
@royboy789

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Want To Learn More?
Coming Very Soon
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Caldera Learn - LoopConf WP API + Angular FTW Workshop

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