chameleon chip
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The document discusses the Chameleon Chip, a reconfigurable processor that can rewire itself dynamically to adapt to different software tasks. It contains reconfigurable processing fabric divided into slices that can be reconfigured independently. Algorithms are loaded sequentially onto the fabric for high performance. The chip architecture includes an ARC processor, memory controller, PCI controller, and programmable I/O. Its applications include wireless base stations, wireless local loops, and software-defined radio.
chameleon chip
- 1. Chameleon Chip PRESENTED BY:- NAME:- Sucharita Bohidar ROLL NO:-10031016 BRANCH:- 1 st Semester MCA
- 2. CONTENTS 1.Introduction 2.Multifunction Implementation 3.The General Architecture Of Reconfigurable Processor 4.Architecture of Chameleon Chip 5.Reconfigurable Processing Fabric 6.Programmable I/O 7.Technologies Used In Chip 8.Design Process 9.Comparison With Other Technologies 10.Advantages 11.Disadvantages 12.Applications 13.Conclusion
- 3. A reconfigurable processor is a microprocessor with erasable hardware that can rewire itself dynamically. This allows the chip to adapt effectively to the programming tasks demanded by the particular software they are interfacing with at any given time. Reconfigurable processor chip usually contains several parallel processing computational units known as functional blocks. While reconfiguring the chip, the connections inside the functional blocks and the connections in between the functional blocks are changing, that means when a particular software is loaded the present hardware design is erased and a new hardware design is generated by making a particular number of connections active while making others idle. 1.Introduction
- 4. This will define the optimum hardware configuration for that particular software. It takes just 20 microseconds to reconfigure the entire processing array. Reconfigurable processors are currently available from Chameleon Systems, Billions of Operations (BOPS), and PACT (Parallel Array Computing Technology). Among those only Chameleon is providing a design environment, which allows customers to convert their algorithms to hardware configuration by themselves.
- 5. 2.Multifunction Implementation In a conventional ASIC or FPGA, multiple algorithms are implemented as separate hardware modules. Four algorithms would divide the chip into four functional areas. With Reconfigurable Technology, the four algorithms are loaded into the entire reconfigurable Fabric one at a time. First, the entire Fabric is dedicated to algorithm 1; during this processing time, algorithm 2 is loaded into the background place. In a single clock cycle, the entire Fabric is swapped to algorithm 2; during this processing time, algorithm 3 is loaded into the background plane. The entire reconfigurable fabric is dedicated to just one algorithm at a time. So finally the result is: much higher performance, lower cost and lower power consumption
- 7. Machine design supposes that some pins are considered as the configuration inputs and another as data or control inputs and outputs. The most important parts are the logic circuits, which configure function blocks according to data in the configuration memory. The various possible connections between functional blocks are encoded to bits known as Configuration bits. Resulting configuration stream is downloaded into configuration memory through configuration inputs. Thus, a new Reconfigurable machine is established. 3.The General Architecture Of Reconfigurable Processor
- 8. 4.Architecture Components: 32-bit ARC processor 64 bit memory controller 32 bit PCI controller reconfigurable processing fabric (RPF) high speed system bus programmable I/O (160 pins) DMA Subsystem Configuration Subsystem
- 10. 5.Reconfigurable Processing Fabric(RPF) The Fabric provides unmatched algorithmic computation power to Chameleon Chip. It consists of 84,32-bit Data path Units and 24, 16×24-bit Multipliers,Operating at 125Mhz, they provide up to 3,000 16-bit Million Multiply-Accumulates Per Second and 24,000 16-bit Million Operations Per Second. The fabric is divided into Slices, the basic unit of reconfiguration. The CS2112 has 4 Slices with 3 Tiles in each. Each tile can be reconfigured at runtime Tiles contain : Datapath Units Local Store Memories 16x24 multipliers Control Logic Unit
- 11. The high-performance 32bit Data path Unit (DPU ): The Tile includes seven Data path Units. The DPU is a data processing module that directly supports all C and Verilog operations.
- 12. 6.Programmable I/O RCP includes banks of Programmable I/O (PIO) pins which provide tremendous bandwidth. Each PIO bank of 40 PIO pins delivers 0.5 GBytes/sec I/O bandwidth. 7.Technologies Used In Chip 1. eCONFIGURABLE™ TECHNOLOGY: This technology reconfigures fabric in one clock cycle and increases voice/data/video channels per chip. As mentioned earlier, each Slice can be configured independently. Loading the Background Plane from external memory requires just 3 µsec per Slice; this operation does not interfere with active processing on the Fabric. Swapping the Background Plane into the Active Plane requires just one clock cycle. with eConfigurable Technology; the four algorithms are loaded into the entire reconfigurable processing Fabric one at a time.
- 13. 2. C~SIDE Development Tools : With this software development tool , Chameleon Systems are providing the ability for the customers to do the programming themselves thus keeping the secrecy of their algorithms. The Chameleon Systems Integrated Development Environment (C~SIDE) is a complete toolkit for designing, debugging and verifying RCP designs. C~Side uses a combined C language and Verilog flow to map algorithms into the chip’s reconfigurable processing fabric (RPF). 3. eBIOS: It provides a interface between the Embedded Processor System and the Fabric. eBIOS provides resource allocation, configuration management and DMA services. The eBIOS calls are automatically generated at compile time, but can be edited for precise control of any function.
- 14. 8. DESIGN PROCESS eBIOS C SOURCE CODE VERILOG SOURCE CODE LIBRARY C COMPILER SYNTHESISER OBJECT CODE LAYOUT LINKER CHAMELEON EXECUTABLE CONFIGURATION BITS HARDWARE CHANGE
- 15. 9.Comparison With Other Technologies Today’s system architects have at their disposal an arsenal of highly integrated, high-performance semiconductor technologies, such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), digital signal processors (DSPs), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). However, system architects continue to struggle with the requirement that communication systems deliver both performance and flexibility. Enter the reconfigurable processor, an entirely new category of semiconductor solution that serves as a system-level platform for a broad range of applications.
- 16. COMPARISON WITH OTHER TECHNOLOGIES(tabular representation) RCP ASIC FPGA FLEXIBILITY HIGH LOW HIGH COST LOW LOW HIGH PERFORMANCE HIGH HIGH MEDIUM TIME-TO-MARKET MEDIUM LONG MEDIUM
- 17. 10.Advantages can create customized communications signal processors increased performance and channel count can more quickly adapt to new requirements and standards lower development costs and reduce risk. Reducing power Reducing manufacturing cost. 11.Disadvantages Inertia – Engineers slow to change Inertia is the worst problem facing reconfigurable computing RCP designs requires comprehensive set of tools 'Learning curve' for designers unfamiliar with reconfigurable logic
- 18. 12.Applications Wireless Base stations The reconfigurable technology mainly focuses on base stations and their unpredictable combination of voice and data traffic.Base-station infrastructure will have to be adaptive enough to accommodate those requirements. With a fixed processor the channels must be able to support both simple voice calls and high-bandwidth data connections Wireless Local Loop (WLL) Reconfigurable technology is widely applied in Wireless Local Loops also because of their high processing power, bandwidth and reconfigurable nature. High-Performance DSL (Digital Subscriber Line Technology) DSL technology brings high Bandwidth to homely users. Software-Defined Radio (SDR) SDR concept is applied in Cell phone Technology
- 19. 13.Conclusion These new chips called chameleon chips are able to rewire themselves on the fly to create the exact hardware needed to run a piece of software at the outmost speed. Its applications are in, data-intensive Internet,DSP,wireless basestations, voice compression, software-defined radio. Its advantages are that it can create customized communications signal processors ,it has increased performance and channel count, and it can more quickly adapt to new requirements and standards and it has lower development costs and reduce risk.