Chapter 1. java programming language overview

Java Programming
Language Overview

Bok, Jong Soon
Jongsoon.bok@gmail.com
www.javaexpert.co.kr

What is Java Technology?

Is a programming language.
Is a platform.

Java Programming Language
Is one of today’s most popular software-
development languages.
Is used not only for Web programming, but also for
developing standalone applications across
platforms on servers, desktops, and mobile devices,
even control the robotic rover that rolled on Mars.
Is a high-level language.

The Java Platform
Platform : The hardware or software environment in
which a program runs.
Has two components:
The Java Virtual Machine
The Java Application Programming Interface (API)

From : [Java Pocket Guide], Robert
Liguori ; Patricia Liguori, O’Reilly, 2008,
978-0-59-651419-8, p191

The Java Platform (Cont.) - JRE

Java Runtime Environment
Provides the backbone for running Java application.
Is a collection of software.
Allows a computer system to run a Java application.
Consists of
JVMs, Java Virtual Machines, interpret Java bytecode into
machine code.
Standard class libraries
User interface toolkits
A variety of utilities.

The Java Platform (Cont.) - JDK

Java Development Kit
Provides all of the components and necessary
resources to develop Java applications.
Is a programming environment for compiling,
debugging, and running Java applets, applications,
and Java Beans.
Includes the JRE, Java Programming language,
development tools and tool APIs.
Supports Linux, Solaris, and Microsoft Windows.
Refer to http://java-virtual-machine.net/other.html

The Java Platform (Cont.) - JDK
Download the most recent version at
http://java.sun.com
Download older versions at
http://java.sun.com/products/archive
Java Development Kits Codename Release
Java SE 6 with JDK 1.6.0 Mustang 2006
Java 2 SE 5.0 with JDK 1.5.0 Tiger 2004
Java 2 SE with SDK 1.4.0 Merlin 2002
Java 2 SE with SDK 1.3 Kestrel 2000
Java 2 with SDK 1.2 Playground 1998
Table 1-1. Java Development Kits

Java SE Code Names
Version Code Name Release Date
JDK 1.1.4 Sparkler 1997. 10. 11
JDK 1.1.5 Pumpkin 1997. 11. 03
JDK 1.1.6 Abigail 1998. 04. 24
JDK 1.1.7 Brutus 1998. 09. 28
JDK 1.1.8 Chelsea 1999. 04. 08
J2SE 1.2 Playground 1998. 11 04
J2SE 1.2.1 (none) 1999. 03. 30
J2SE 1.2.2 Cricket 1999. 07. 08
J2SE 1.3 Kestrel 2000. 08. 05
J2SE 1.3.1 Ladybird 2001. 05. 17
J2SE 1.4.0 Merlin 2002. 02. 13
J2SE 1.4.1 Hopper 2002. 09. 16
J2SE 1.4.2 Mantis 2003. 06. 26
Java SE 5.0(1.5.0) Tiger 2004. 09. 29
Java SE 6.0(1.6.0) Mustang 2005. 11. 20
Java SE 7.0(1.7.0) Dolphin yet

The Origin of the Java Programming
Language
Originally named Oak, designed in 1991.
Main team members : Bill Joy, Patrick Naughton, Mike
Sheridan, James Gosling.
Original goal : use in embedded consumer electronic
appliances.
In 1994, team realized Oak was perfect for Internet.
In 1995, renamed Java, was redesigned for developing
Internet applications.
Announced in May 23 in 1995 at SunWorld’95.
First non-beta release January 23 in 1996.
Refer to http://java.sun.com/features/2000/06/time-
line.html
See also
http://java.sun.com/features/1998/05/birthday.html

Java Language Features

• Simple • Architecture neutral
• Object-Oriented • Portable
• Distributed • High performance
• Multithreaded • Robust
• Dynamic • Secure
• Write Once, Run AnywhereTM
• http://java.sun.com/docs/white/langenv/

Figure 1.1 J2SE vs. J2EE vs. J2ME

Figure 1.2 Java SE 6 Platform at a Glance

※ http://java.sun.com/javase/technologies/index.jsp

Programming the First Java code

To write your first program, you need:
The JavaTM 6 Platform, Standard Edition.
Download the JDK, not the JRE.
Download API Specifications & Documentation.
Consult the installation instructions .
A Text Editor.
IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
tools - Option

Downloading JDK 6 Update 23 for
Windows Platform
Connect to http://java.sun.com/

Configuring JDK Environment (Cont.)

Testing JDK Environment (Cont.)
Connect to http://java.com/ko/download/installed.jsp

Downloading SDK Documentation
Connect to
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html

Downloading SDK Documentation
(Cont.)

Registering SDK Documentation on
Windows XP

Registering SDK Documentation on
Windows XP (Cont.)

Downloading JDK 6 Update 23 for
Linux Platform

JDK , API Specifications

Java Software Development Kit (JDK)
J2SE 6.0
J2SE 5.0
J2SE 1.4.2
API Specifications
J2SE 6.0
J2SE 5.0
J2SE 1.4.2

Text Editor - UltraEdit
UltraEdit-32 v15.10 (http://www.ultraedit.com/) –
shareware, 14.64MB

Text Editor - AcroEdit

AcroEdit v0.9.20.92 – (http://www.acrosoft.pe.kr/) –
Freeware, 4.08MB

Text Editor - EditPlus
EditPlus v3.11 – (http://www.editplus.com/) –
Shareware, 1.00MB

Java Text Editor - JavaEditor
Java-Editor v9.00
(http://lernen.bildung.hessen.de/informatik/javaedito
r/index.htm )

Java Text Editor – JCreator

JCreator Pro v4.50 (http://www.jcreator.com/)

Java Text Editor - eclipse
Eclipse v3.5 (http://www.eclipse.org/)

Java Text Editor - IntelliJ
IntelliJ IDEA 7.0 (http://www.jetbrains.com/)

IDE Tools - NetBeans
NetBeans IDE 6.5 (http://www.netbeans.org/)

IDE Tools - JBuilder

JBuilder 2008 (http://www.borland.com/)

IDE Tools - JDeveloper
Jdeveloper 11g
(http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/jdev/index.html/)

Etc Tools

Code Warrior by Metrowerks :
http://www.metrowerks.com
TextPad Editor : http://www.textpad.com
JEdit : http://www.jedit.org
JGrasp : http://www.jgrasp.org
BlueJ : http://www.bluej.org
DrJava : http://drjava.sourceforge.net

Java Programming Development
Process

Java Programming Development
Process (Cont.)
1. Create a source file
2. Compile the source file into a bytecode file
3. Run the program contained in the
bytecode file

Creating a Source Code –
HelloWorld.java

Compiling the Source Code –
HelloWorld.java

Java Compiler – javac.exe

Interpreting the bytecode –
HelloWorld.class
Java Interpreter – java.exe

Command Line Tools

JDK provides several command-line tools.
Commonly used tools is a compiler,
launcher/interpreter, archiver, documenter.
Refer to
http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/tools

Command Line Tools - Compiler
Translates Java source files into Java bytecode.
Creates a bytecode file with the same name as the
source file but with the .class extension.
javac [-options] [source files]
javac HelloWorld.java
javac –cp ./dir/classes/ HelloWorld.java
javac –d ./opt/hwapp/classes HelloWorld.java
javac –source 1.4 HelloWorld.java
javac –version
javac –help
Refer to http://www.javaexpert.co.kr/entry/22
Refer to
http://pllab.kw.ac.kr/j2seAPIs/tooldocs/windows/java.html

Command Line Tools - Interpreter
Handles the program execution, including launching
the application.
java [-options] class [arguments…] or
java [-options] –jar jarfile [arguments…]
java HelloWorld
java –cp .:./dir/Classes HelloWorld
java –ea HelloWorld
java –version
java –help
javaw <classname>
Refer to http://javaexpert.co.kr/entry/23
Refer to
http://pllab.kw.ac.kr/j2seAPIs/tooldocs/windows/java.html

Command Line Tools - Packager
JAR, Java Archive, utility is an archiving and compression
tool.
Used to combine multiple files into a single file called a JAR
file.
JAR consists of a ZIP archive containing a manifest file (JAR
content describer) and optional signature files (for security).
jar [options] [jar-file] [manifest-files]
[entry-point] [-C dir] files…
jar cf files.jar HelloWorld.java kr/co/javaexpert/HelloWorld.class
jar tfv files.jar
jar xf files.jar
Refer to
http://pllab.kw.ac.kr/j2seAPIs/tooldocs/windows/jar.html

Command Line Tools – JAR
Execution
Can be created to be executable.
Specifies the file within the JAR where the ‘main’
class resides.
1. Compile .java file with package option.
2. Create a file Manifest.txt using editor.
3. Create a JAR file that adds the Manifest.txt contents
to the manifest file, MANIFEST.MF.
4. Display the contents of the JAR file.
5. Execute the JAR file using java –jar option.

Figure 1.3. shows an examples of this basic
communication.

Applications: Text editor Browser
Operating system
Hardware

Figure 1.4. Computer Communication
Problem

Applications: Text editor Browser Other apps
Operating system
Hardware

How Java Technology Solves the
Communication Problem
Uses compiling and interpretation.
A little slower than compiled programs, but runs on
any operating system.
Compiles source code to bytecode.
Uses Java virtual machine (JVMTM), interprets
bytecode.
Uses a different JVM for every operating system.

Figure 1.5. How the JVM Interacts With the
Operating System and Java Applets

Applets Java apps
Applications: Text editor JVM Browser JVM
Operating system
Hardware

Java API Documentation

Detailed information API
Very valuable resource: download,or view online at:
http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/index.html

Figure 1.6. Java 2 Platform Specification,
java.lang Package, Boolean Class

Additional Resource

Java Technology : An Early History
http://java.sun.com/features/1998/05/birthday.html

Java Technology In The Real World
http://java.sun.com/nav/used/index.html

Chapter 1. java programming language overview

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