UNIX - Class3 - Programming Constructs

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The document provides an overview of Unix programming constructs, particularly focusing on nested if-else statements, loops, and case statements. It showcases various examples of these constructs in shell scripting, including their syntax and usage for different scenarios. Additionally, it highlights useful shell commands such as break, continue, and exit.

Technology

UNIX

Programming Construct

Presentation By

Nihar R Paital

Nested ifs
 You can write the entire if-else construct within either the body of the if statement of
the body of an else statement. This is called the nesting of ifs.
 Ex :
chos=0
echo "1. Unix (Sun Os)"
echo "2. Linux (Red Hat)"

echo -n "Select your os choice [1 or 2]? "
read chos

if [ $chos -eq 1 ] ; then
echo "You Pick up Unix (Sun Os)"
else
if [ $chos -eq 2 ] ; then
echo "You Pick up Linux (Red Hat)"
else
echo "What you don't like Unix/Linux OS."
fi
fi
Nihar R Paital

Multilevel if-then-else
#!/bin/ksh
echo Enter a number :
read n
if [ $n -gt 0 ]; then
echo "$n is positive"
elif [ $n -lt 0 ]
then
echo "$n is negative"
elif [ $n -eq 0 ]
then
echo "$n is zero"
else
echo "Opps! $n is not number, give number"
fi Nihar R Paital

Loops in Shell Scripts
Bash supports:

– for loop
– while loop

In each and every loop,

(e) First, the variable used in loop condition must be initialized, then execution of
the loop begins.

(b) A test (condition) is made at the beginning of each iteration.

(c) The body of loop ends with a statement that modifies the value of the test
(condition) variable.

Nihar R Paital

for Loop

 1) for x in 10 20 30 40 50
do
echo $x
done
 2) Ex: Arrays with for loop
#!/bin/ksh
y="shell scripting Training"
for x in ${y[*]}
do
echo $x
done

Nihar R Paital

Ex: for statement

 3) for x in `ls`
do
echo $x
done

 4) for x in `ls` `cat forloop`
do
echo $x
done

Nihar R Paital

while loop
 Syntax:

while [ condition ]
do
command1
command2
command3
..
....
done

Nihar R Paital

Ex: while statement.

x=1
while [ $x -lt 10 ]
do
echo $x
x=`expr $x + 1`
done

Nihar R Paital

until statement
Syntax:
until control command
do
<commands>
Done
Ex:
x=1
until [ $x -gt 10 ]
do
echo $x
x=`expr $x + 1`
done

Nihar R Paital

case statement.
The case statement is good alternative to Multilevel if-then-else-fi
statement. It enable you to match several values against one variable.
Its easier to read and write.
Syntax:

case $variable-name in
choice1) commands ;;
choice2) commands ;;
....
....
Esac

The $variable-name is compared against the cases until a match is found. The
shell then executes all the statements up to the two semicolons that are next to
each other. The default is *) and its executed if no match is found. For e.g. write
script as follows:
Nihar R Paital

Ex: case statement
echo enter value for x
read x
case $x in
1)ls;;
2)cal;;
3)date;;
*)echo invalid
esac

Nihar R Paital

Useful Shell Scripting commands.
 break
– To come out of a loop.
 continue
– To jump to the start of loop.
 exit
– To prematurely terminate a program.
 #
– To interpret the rest of line as comments.

Nihar R Paital

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UNIX - Class3 - Programming Constructs

1. UNIX Programming Construct Presentation By Nihar R Paital

2. Nested ifs  You can write the entire if-else construct within either the body of the if statement of the body of an else statement. This is called the nesting of ifs.  Ex : chos=0 echo "1. Unix (Sun Os)" echo "2. Linux (Red Hat)" echo -n "Select your os choice [1 or 2]? " read chos if [ $chos -eq 1 ] ; then echo "You Pick up Unix (Sun Os)" else if [ $chos -eq 2 ] ; then echo "You Pick up Linux (Red Hat)" else echo "What you don't like Unix/Linux OS." fi fi Nihar R Paital

3. Multilevel if-then-else #!/bin/ksh echo Enter a number : read n if [ $n -gt 0 ]; then echo "$n is positive" elif [ $n -lt 0 ] then echo "$n is negative" elif [ $n -eq 0 ] then echo "$n is zero" else echo "Opps! $n is not number, give number" fi Nihar R Paital

4. Loops in Shell Scripts Bash supports: – for loop – while loop In each and every loop, (e) First, the variable used in loop condition must be initialized, then execution of the loop begins. (b) A test (condition) is made at the beginning of each iteration. (c) The body of loop ends with a statement that modifies the value of the test (condition) variable. Nihar R Paital

5. for Loop  1) for x in 10 20 30 40 50 do echo $x done  2) Ex: Arrays with for loop #!/bin/ksh y="shell scripting Training" for x in ${y[*]} do echo $x done Nihar R Paital

6. Ex: for statement  3) for x in `ls` do echo $x done  4) for x in `ls` `cat forloop` do echo $x done Nihar R Paital

7. while loop  Syntax: while [ condition ] do command1 command2 command3 .. .... done Nihar R Paital

8. Ex: while statement. x=1 while [ $x -lt 10 ] do echo $x x=`expr $x + 1` done Nihar R Paital

9. until statement Syntax: until control command do <commands> Done Ex: x=1 until [ $x -gt 10 ] do echo $x x=`expr $x + 1` done Nihar R Paital

10. case statement. The case statement is good alternative to Multilevel if-then-else-fi statement. It enable you to match several values against one variable. Its easier to read and write. Syntax: case $variable-name in choice1) commands ;; choice2) commands ;; .... .... Esac The $variable-name is compared against the cases until a match is found. The shell then executes all the statements up to the two semicolons that are next to each other. The default is *) and its executed if no match is found. For e.g. write script as follows: Nihar R Paital

11. Ex: case statement echo enter value for x read x case $x in 1)ls;; 2)cal;; 3)date;; *)echo invalid esac Nihar R Paital

12. Useful Shell Scripting commands.  break – To come out of a loop.  continue – To jump to the start of loop.  exit – To prematurely terminate a program.  # – To interpret the rest of line as comments. Nihar R Paital

13. Nihar R Paital

UNIX - Class3 - Programming Constructs

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