Computer Programming - if Statements & Relational Operators

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If statements and relational operators allow programmers to control program flow based on conditions. There are three types of if statements: if, if-else, and if-else-if. Relational operators like ==, <, > are used to form conditions. The if statement executes code if the condition is true, while if-else executes one block if true and another if false. Boolean logic and data type bool can be used to build more complex conditional expressions. Examples demonstrate using if statements and relational operators to check values, qualify ages to vote, and determine positive/negative numbers.

PROGRAMMING
IF STATEMENTS &
RELATIONAL
OPERATORS
By: John Paul Espino
De La Salle University – Dasmarinas
Facebook.com/Johnpaul.dss

Computer Programming - if Statements & Relational Operators

CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
• A conditional statement allows us to control whether a program segment is executed or not.
• Two constructs
• if statement
• if
• if-else
• if-else-if
• switch statement

THE BASIC IF STATEMENT
• Syntax
if(condition)
action
• if the condition is true then
execute the action.
• action is either a single
statement or a group of
statements within braces.
condition
action
true
false

CHOICE (IF)
 Put multiple action statements
within braces
if (it's raining){
printf(“take umbrella”);
printf(“wear raincoat”);
}

ABSOLUTE VALUE
// program to read number & print its absolute value
#include <stdio.h>
main(){
int value;
printf("Enter integer: “);
scanf(“%d”,&value);
if(value < 0)
value = -value;
printf("The absolute value is %d “,value);
getch();
}

RELATIONAL OPERATORS
Relational operators are used to compare two values to form a
condition.
Math C Plain English
= == equals [example: if(a==b) ]
[ (a=b) means put the value of b into a ]
< < less than
 <= less than or equal to
> > greater than
 >= greater than or equal to
 != not equal to

CONDITIONS
Examples:
Number_of_Students < 200
10 > 20
20 * j == 10 + i

THE BOOLEAN TYPE
• C contains a type named bool for conditions.
• A condition can have one of two values:
• true (corresponds to a non-zero value)
• false (corresponds to zero value)
• Boolean operators can be used to form more complex conditional
expressions.
• The and operator is &&
• The or operator is ||
• The not operator is !

THE BOOLEAN TYPE
• Truth table for "&&" (AND):
Operand1 Operand2 Operand1 &&
Operand2
true true true
true false false
false true false
false false false

THE BOOLEAN TYPE
• Truth table for “||" (OR):
Operand1 Operand2 Operand1 ||
Operand2
true true true
true false true
false true true
false false false

THE BOOLEAN TYPE
• Truth table for "!" (NOT):
Operand !Operand
true false
false true

A BOOLEAN TYPE
• Assignments to bool type variables
bool P = true;
bool Q = false;
bool R = true;
bool S = P && Q;
bool T = !Q || R;
bool U = !(R && !Q);

“IF” WITH A BLOCK OF STATEMENTS
if (aValue <= 10)
{
printf("Answer is %.2fn", aValue);
countB++;
}

POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE
#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
int number;
clrscr();
printf(“Enter a number”);
scanf(“%d”,&number);
if (number>0)
printf(“It is Positive”);
getch();
}

SYNTAX OF IF-ELSE STATEMENT
if ( condition)
statement;
else
statement;

IF – ELSE WITH A BLOCK OF STATEMENTS
if (aValue <= 10)
{
printf("Answer is %.2fn", aValue);
countB++;
} End if
else
{
printf("Error occurredn");
countC++;
} End else

TO VOTE OR NOT TO VOTE
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int age;
clrscr();
printf(“Enter your age”);
scanf(“%d”,&age);
if (age>=18)
printf(“You are qualified to vote”);
else
printf(“Not qualified to vote”);
getch();
}

POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE
#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
int number;
clrscr();
printf(“Enter a number”);
scanf(“%d”,&number);
if (number>0)
printf(“Positive number”);
else
printf(“Negative number”);
getch();
}

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The document discusses the aesthetic attitude and the sublime. It provides background on key thinkers in aesthetics like Edward Bullough, who introduced the concept of "psychical distance" in aesthetic experience. Bullough viewed the aesthetic attitude as a state of mind that allows one to view experiences in an artistic or appreciative way. The document also discusses the sublime in nature, such as mighty waterfalls, which impress through sheer power rather than beauty. Key concepts of contemplation and distance are elements of the aesthetic attitude.

Philosophy - the aestheic attidude and the sublimeJohn Paul Espino

This document discusses the aesthetic attitude and the sublime. It explains that the aesthetic attitude, according to Bullough, locates aesthetic experience primarily with the observer rather than the object itself. It involves viewing something with a distinctive attitude that allows contemplation and psychical distance. The document also discusses the sublime in nature, such as a mighty waterfall, which impresses through its sheer power rather than beauty. Key figures discussed include Bullough, who introduced the concept of psychical distance, and Kant, who was interested in natural rather than artistic beauty.

Information literacy - effects of social networking to students thesis presen...John Paul Espino

This document discusses a study on the effects of social networking sites on students' lives. It begins by introducing the growing popularity of sites like Facebook and Twitter, particularly among young people and students. The study aims to understand both the benefits and harmful effects of social networking use. It outlines a theoretical framework drawing from Carl Rogers' interpersonal relationship theory. The methodology section describes using a descriptive research design with cluster random sampling of students from De La Salle University. Survey results found most students use Facebook the most, spending 1-2 hours daily on social sites, and benefits included feeling connection while potential harms require further investigation.

Fundamentals of Accounting - Posting & Trial BalanceJohn Paul Espino

1. The document discusses the accounting cycle and posting procedures for the general ledger and subsidiary ledgers. 2. It provides examples of accounts that would appear in a chart of accounts, including asset, liability, equity, revenue and expense accounts. 3. It also shows how to open and post transactions to general ledger accounts, with debits and credits, to keep track of account balances.

Fundamentals of accounting - manufacturingJohn Paul Espino

This document provides an overview of fundamentals of accounting for manufacturing businesses. It defines manufacturing as making products and then selling them. The key costs in manufacturing include direct materials, direct labor, and factory overhead. Direct materials are raw materials used to make the product, direct labor is labor directly involved in production, and factory overhead includes other manufacturing expenses. The document contrasts merchandising and manufacturing businesses and explains how cost of goods sold is calculated differently for each.

Fundamentals of accounting - cost value profit (cvp)John Paul Espino

The document discusses cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis and its key concepts. It defines variable costs, fixed costs, and mixed costs. It also explains contribution margin, break-even point, and how to use contribution margin to determine the volume needed to achieve a target profit level. Sample calculations are provided to illustrate computing contribution margin, contribution margin ratio, unit contribution margin, and using unit contribution margin to calculate break-even point.

Ethics - nicomachean ethics section 7 - 9 John Paul Espino

This document summarizes key sections from Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics regarding virtues and vices. It includes a table outlining Aristotle's spheres of virtues and their excess, mean, and deficiency. The document then summarizes sections 7-9, focusing on the virtues of truthfulness and wittiness, and their opposing vices of boastfulness, self-deprecation, buffoonery, and boorishness. It concludes with a summary of shamelessness versus shame.

Ethics - aristotle's ethicsJohn Paul Espino

This document provides an overview of Aristotle's views on ethics and virtue. It discusses that for Aristotle, happiness is the highest good that is pursued for its own sake. Living well and flourishing requires developing moral virtues like courage, generosity, and honesty through consistent habits of acting virtuously. Virtues are excellences that involve moderation between deficiencies and excesses of emotions and actions. Practical wisdom is needed to determine the virtuous mean in different situations. An act is right if a virtuous person would tend to do it, where virtue involves acting for the right reason at the right time in the right way.

Environmental engineering - oxygen cycleJohn Paul Espino

The oxygen cycle describes the movement of oxygen between the atmosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere. Oxygen is involved in key processes like photosynthesis, respiration, combustion, and decomposition. Photosynthesis produces oxygen from carbon dioxide and water, while respiration, combustion, and decomposition consume oxygen to produce carbon dioxide. The document outlines the importance of oxygen for life on Earth and in the different spheres, as well as how oxygen levels have changed over time due to biological and geological processes.