Concurrent Programming in Python

Apr 16, 20170 likes379 views

This document discusses concurrent programming in Python. It covers threading, processes, subprocesses, and concurrent frameworks. Threading uses thread-local data, locks, and events to coordinate between threads. Processes allow spawning child processes and interprocess communication. Subprocesses run other scripts. Concurrent frameworks like Curio use futures to allow asynchronous function programming. The document provides examples of using processes and subprocesses in Python and recommends concurrent frameworks for all but simple applications.

@adam_englander
Concurrent Programming in
Python
Programming the multi-verse

@adam_englander
Threading
• Thread-Local can be used for global data only accessible by a
single thread.
• Semaphores and locks prevent simultaneous access of memory.
Python’s with statement makes it a lot cleaner than many languages.
• Events and Barriers allow for easy interprocess coordination.

@adam_englander
Processes
• Process class allows for spawning and forking of processes from a
parent process.
• Popular for multi-tasking in scripts as you are simply executing a
command rather Threading which runs code.
• Provides pipes, queues, shared memory, and server processes for
interprocess communication.
• Allows for worker pools to manage resource utilization.

@adam_englander
Subprocesses
• Run other scripts from a main script
• Uses popen to open other scripts
• Allows for better error handling of subscripts
• Allows for waiting on the subscript to complete

@adam_englander
Concurrent
• Uses Futures
• Can use Thread Pools or Process Pools
• Allows for asynchronous function programming
• Works just like any other language with Futures/Promises

@adam_englander
Suggestions
• For scripts, uses Subprocess
• For all but the simplest of applications, use a concurrent framework
like curio, Tornado, Twisted, etc.

@adam_englander
Process Example
from multiprocessing import Process 
import os 
from random import randint 
from time import sleep 
 
 
def start(): 
print("Hello from pid", os.getpid()) 
sleep(randint(1, 3)) 
print("Goodbye from pid", os.getpid()) 
exit() 
 
print("Hello from master pid", os.getpid()) 
for i in range(1, 5): 
p = Process(target=start) 
p.start() 
print("Goodbye from master pid", os.getpid())

@adam_englander
Subprocess Example
import subprocess 
 
print("nnManaged exec error") 
p = subprocess.Popen(
[“/not/a/valid/script"],
shell=True,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE) 
p.wait() 
print(p.returncode, p.stderr.read())

@adam_englander
Curio
• High concurrency framework with no asynchronous I/O
• Utilizes core asynchronous and concurrency libraries available in
Python 3.5+
• Simpliﬁes concurrent programming
• Highly performant

@adam_englander
Resources
• http://curio.readthedocs.io/
• https://docs.python.org/3/library/concurrency.html

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