OOPS with C++ | Concepts of OOPS | Introduction

Module-1 Concepts of OOP Krishna Engineering College, Ghaziabad 1
Mr. Aditya Tandon
8750006999
aditya.tandon@krishnacollege.ac.in
CSE III Year
Object Oriented
Programming with C++
Module-1
Concepts of
OOP
www.krishnacollege.ac.in

Concepts of OOP
• Introduction to OOP
• Procedural Vs. Object Oriented Programming
• Principles of OOP
• Benefits and applications of OOP

Introduction to OOP
 OOP is a design philosophy. It stands for Object Oriented
Programming.
 C++ was founded in (1983)
Bjarne Stroustrup

Introduction to OOP
 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) uses a different set of
programming languages than old procedural programming
languages like (C, Pascal, etc.).
 Everything in OOP is grouped as self sustainable "objects".

What is Object?
Pen Board Laptop
Bench Student Projector
Physical objects…

What is Object?
Logical objects…
Result Account
Bank Account

Attributes and operations
Attributes:
Name
Age
Weight
Operations:
Eat
Sleep
Walk
Attributes:
Company
Model
Weight
Operations:
Drive
Stop
FillFuel
Attributes:
AccountNo
HolderName
Balance
Operations:
Deposit
Withdraw
Transfer
Write down 5 objects with their attributes and operations

What is Object ?
Properties (Describe)
Manufacturer
Model
Color
Year
Price
Methods (Actions)
Start
Drive
Park
Events
On_Start
On_Parked
On_Brake
OBJECT: CAR

Classes…
Class: Blueprint (template) for object.
Object: Instance of class.

Class

Applications of OOP
 Real Time Systems Design
 Simulation and Modeling System
 Object Oriented Database
 Client-Server System
 Neural Networking and Parallel Programming
 Decision Support and Office Automation Systems
 CIM/CAD/CAM Systems
 AI and Expert Systems

Procedural Vs. Object Oriented Programming
POP OOP
Emphasis is on doing things not on
data, means it is function driven
Emphasis is on data rather than
procedure, means object driven
Main focus is on the function and
procedures that operate on data
Main focus is on the data that is
being operated
Top Down approach in program
design
Bottom Up approach in program
design
Large programs are divided into
smaller programs known as
functions
Large programs are divided into
classes and objects
Most of the functions share global
data
Data is tied together with function in
the data structure

Procedural Vs. Object Oriented Programming
Data moves openly in the system
from one function to another
function
Data is hidden and cannot be
accessed by external functions
POP OOP
Adding of data and function is
difficult
Adding of data and function is easy
We cannot declare namespace
directly
We can use name space directly,
Ex: using namespace std;
Concepts like inheritance,
polymorphism, data encapsulation,
abstraction, access specifiers are not
available.
Concepts like inheritance,
polymorphism, data encapsulation,
abstraction, access specifiers are
available and can be used easily
Examples: C, Fortran, Pascal, etc… Examples: C++, Java, C#, etc…

Principles of OOP (A.E.I.P)
 There are mainly four OOP Principles
Abstraction
Encapsulation
Inheritance
Polymorphism

Abstraction
 Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features
without including the background details or explanations.
 Abstraction provides you a generalized view of your classes or
object by providing relevant information.
 Abstraction is the process of hiding the working style of an object,
and showing the information of an object in understandable
manner.

Abstraction Example
Nokia 1400
Features:
Nokia 2700
Features:
FM Radio
MP3
Camera
Blackberry
Features:
FM Radio
MP3
Camera
Video Recording
Reading E-mails
Abstract information (Necessary and
Common Information) for the object
“Mobile Phone” is make a call to any
number and can send SMS.”

Abstraction Example
 Example:
If somebody in your college tells you to fill application form,
you will fill your details like name, address, data of birth, which
semester, percentage you have got etc.
 If some doctor gives you an application to fill the details, you
will fill the details like name, address, date of birth, blood group,
height and weight.
 See in the above example what is the common thing?
Age, name, address so you can create the class which consist of
common thing that is called abstract class.
That class is not complete and it can inherit by other class.

Encapsulation
 The wrapping up of data and functions into a single unit is known
as encapsulation
 The insulation of the data from direct access by the program is
called data hiding or information hiding.
 It is the process of enclosing one or more details from outside
world through access right.

Encapsulation
• Abstraction is a process where you show
only “relevant” data and “hide”
unnecessary details of an object from the
user.
• Consider your mobile phone, you just
need to know what buttons are to be
pressed to send a message or make a call,
What happens when you press a button,
how your messages are sent, how your
calls are connected is all abstracted away
from the user.
• Encapsulation is the process of combining
data and functions into a single unit called
class. In Encapsulation, the data is not
accessed directly; it is accessed through
the functions present inside the class.
• Users are unaware about working of
circuitry and hardware devices.

Abstraction Vs Encapsulation
 Abstraction says what details to be made visible & Encapsulation
provides the level of access right to that visible details.
Example:
 When we switch on the Bluetooth, we are able to connect another
mobile but unable to access the other mobile features like dialling
a number, accessing inbox etc. This is because, Bluetooth feature
is given some level of abstraction.

Abstraction Vs Encapsulation
 When mobile A is connected with mobile B via Bluetooth whereas
mobile B is already connected to mobile C then A is not allowed to
connect C via B. This is because of accessibility restriction.
B
A
C

Inheritance
 Inheritance is the process by which objects of one class acquire
the properties of objects of another class.
 Here Vehicle class can have properties like Chassis no. , Engine,
Colour etc.
 All these properties inherited by sub classes of vehicle class.
Vehicle
Water
Land Air
Bus Car Ship Boat Aero plane Helicopter

Polymorphism
 Polymorphism means ability to take more than one form.
 For example the operation addition.
 For two numbers the operation will generate a sum.
 If the operands are strings, then the operation would produce a
third string by concatenation.

Thank You

OOPS with C++ | Concepts of OOPS | Introduction

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