CPU Architecture - Basic
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The CPU contains several key components that work together to process instructions. The control unit decodes instructions and controls the order of operations. It contains an instruction register that stores the current instruction and a program counter that tracks the computer's position in its instruction set. The arithmetic logic unit performs arithmetic and logical operations and contains an accumulator to store results. Other components include registers for temporary storage, buses for transmitting data, and caches for faster access to frequently used instructions and data.
![CPU Architecture -
Basic
Yong Heui Cho @ Mokwon University
Some of slides are referred to:
[1] The CPU, slideshare.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/6-151016025242-lva1-app6891/85/CPU-Architecture-Basic-1-320.jpg)
CPU Architecture - Basic
- 1. CPU Architecture - Basic Yong Heui Cho @ Mokwon University Some of slides are referred to: [1] The CPU, slideshare.
- 2. Basic Computer Design 4. Combinational Logic Circuit 5. Sequential Logic Circuit 6. CPU Architecture - Basic 7. CPU Architecture - Advanced
- 3. CPU? 3 □ Courtesy to The CPU, slideshare. • The CPU is short for the Central Processing Unit. • It is the main part of the computer where instructions ar e processed. • The central processing unit includes the main memory. • Now a day’s most computers have more than one CPU to provide better speed.
- 4. Microprocessor 4 • Small computerised devices such as washing mac hines have small specialised CPUs known as micr oprocessors. • It is an integrated circuit as a single unit which i ncludes all that the CPU needs excluding main m emory. □ Courtesy to The CPU, slideshare.
- 5. Components of CPU 5 • The CPU is made up of many components such as 1. Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) 2. Control unit (CU) 3. Registers (Program Counter and Instruction Register) 4. Cashes 5. Buses □ Courtesy to The CPU, slideshare.
- 6. 6□ Courtesy to The CPU, slideshare.
- 7. Control Unit (CU) 7 • The CU is considered the manager of the CPU • The CU’s jobs 1. decode instructions within a computer 2. plan the reading and writing of data 3. control the order in which instructions are executed 4. control the operations performed by the ALU • In the CU you will fine two registers; 1. Instruction Register: stores a copy of the current instruction being performed 2. Program Counter □ Courtesy to The CPU, slideshare.
- 8. Arithmetic Logic Unit 8 • The ALU is that part in the CPU where arithmetic and logic op erations are carried out in other words all mathematical calcul ations. The result of the calculations are sent to the main mem ory. • The ALU is capable of performing: 1. Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division 2. Greater Than (>), Smaller Than (<)’ Equal (=),Greater Than or Equ al To (>=), Smaller Than or Equal To (<=), Not Equal (<>) 3. AND, OR, NOT • Within the ALU we will find the register known as the Accum ulator. The accumulator stores the result of the current calcula tion. □ Courtesy to The CPU, slideshare.
- 9. Program Counter 9 • The program counter is sometimes known as the instruction p ointer. • The PC indicates where the computer is in its instruction set. If the instruction set has 5 steps the PC will point to which step t he computer has arrived. • Depending on the device the PC could hold 1. the address of the instruction being executed 2. the address of the next instruction to be executed • The program counter is automatically incremented (increased by 1) after each step (instruction cycle). □ Courtesy to The CPU, slideshare.
- 10. Instruction Register 10 • The instruction register (IR) is also found with t he control unit • The IR is used to store a copy of the current inst ruction being performed • This instruction is stored in the for of operator and operand (covered later on) □ Courtesy to The CPU, slideshare.
- 11. Buses 11 • All data traffic with the CPU takes place across the computer’s bus • A computer bus is a set of parallel electrical tracks connecting components within a computer • The width of the data bus determines the word length • The width of the address bus determines how many addresses t he computer can send at a time □ Courtesy to The CPU, slideshare.
- 12. Simplified Architecture 12□ Courtesy to The CPU, slideshare. IR data Control Unit (CU) ALU