Creating a full stack web app with python, npm, webpack and react

CREATING A FULL STACK WEB APP WITH
PYTHON, NPM, WEBPACK AND REACT
by Angela Branaes

THE STRUCTURE OF A WEB APP
➤ Separated into front and back end.
➤ Multiple technologies.
➤ Front end is:
➤ Look and feel.
➤ User interaction.
➤ Back end is:
➤ Long running operations.
➤ Data, and data processing.
➤ Application logic.

INITIAL PROJECT SETUP
➤ Create the following directory structure
.
├── README.md
└── fullstack_template/
├── server/
└── static/
├── css/
├── dist/
├── images/
└── js/
$ cd fullstack_template/static

WE’RE GOING TO NEED A JAVASCRIPT PACKAGE MANAGER
➤ Using a package manager makes it painless to:

➤ Keep your project dependencies up to date.

➤ Fetch and install new packages.

➤ Similar to brew, pip, pacman etc.

NPM = NODE PACKAGE MANAGER
➤ Automatically included with Node.js

➤ Easy to use

➤ well documented

➤ nearly 500 000 packages available

➤ Initialise NPM:

$ npm init
➤ This creates a ﬁle called package.json

OUR UPDATED DIRECTORY TREE
.
├── README.md
├── server/
└── static/
├── css/
├── dist/
├── images/
├── js/
└── package.json

THE PURPOSE OF PACKAGE.JSON
1. Keeps track of dependencies and versions.

2. Informs other developers about your project.

3. Makes installing, running and updating a project automatic and reproducible

THIS IS MY PACKAGE.JSON
{
"name": "FullStackTemplate",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "Fullstack Template",
"main": "index.jsx",
"scripts": {
"test": "echo "Error: no test specified" && exit 1",
},
"keywords": [
"python",
"react",
"npm",
"webpack"
],
"author": "Angela Branaes",
"license": "MIT",
"devDependencies": {
"webpack": "^3.0.0"
}
}

WHY WE NEED A MODULE BUNDLER
➤ Minimises the number of <script> tags in your HTML
➤ This means faster loading, and less hassle.
➤ Don’t need to worry about bundle import ordering!
➤ Don’t have to use globals or namespacing.
➤ Lazy module loading.
➤ We will be using Webpack.

WEBPACK
➤ Only understands JavaScript.
➤ Everything else needs a loader or plugin.
➤ Everything is a module.
➤ You can require() JavaScript, React, CSS or images.
➤ Creates a dependency tree of all your required modules, and packages those into
bundles.
➤ Easy to get started with, if you only need JavaScript.
➤ Minor learning curve for css/less and image loading.
➤ Lets you split your bundles and load them asynchronously and lazily.
➤ Integrates seamlessly with npm.

INSTALL & CONFIGURE WEBPACK
➤ Install webpack:
$ npm i webpack --save-dev
➤ Add a ﬁle named webpack.conﬁg.js:
const webpack = require(‘webpack');
const config = {
entry: __dirname + '/js/index.jsx',
output: {
path: __dirname + '/dist',
filename: 'bundle.js',
},
resolve: {
extensions: ['.js', '.jsx', '.css']
},
};
module.exports = config;

.
├── README.md
├── server/
└── static/
├── css/
├── dist/
├── images/
├── js/
├── package.json
└── webpack.config.js

SINGLE VS MULTI PAGE APPLICATIONS
➤ I mostly use Webpack for single page applications.
➤ You can also use webpack for multi page applications:
entry: { 
“indexPage”: __dirname + “js/index.jsx”, 
“aboutPage”: __dirname + “js/about.jsx”
},
output: {
path: __dirname + “/dist”, 
filename: “[name].js” //e.g. aboutPage.js
}

.
├── README.md
├── server/
└── static/
├── css/
├── dist/
│ └── bundle.js
├── images/
├── js/
│ └── index.jsx
├── index.html

CREATE INDEX.HTML
➤ A really simple index.html is all you need.
➤ The index.html just loads your JavaScript bundle
<body>
<div id="content" />
<script src="dist/bundle.js" type=“text/javascript”>
</script>
</body>
➤ All the layout and behaviour live in the JS/React ﬁles!

CREATE INDEX.JSX
➤ Just 1 line of Plain Old JavaScript
alert(“Hello World!”);

BUILDING YOUR APPLICATION
➤ Create run commands to simplify building your code.
➤ Run commands are just aliases.
➤ Example from my package.json:
“scripts": {
"watch": "webpack --progress -d --config webpack.config.js —watch"
}
➤ Makes the dev process more ﬂuid.
➤ I always add the following:
➤ build
➤ dev-build
➤ watch

START THE WATCH COMMAND
➤ Any changes get built automatically
$ npm run watch
➤ Open index.html….

THE BENEFITS OF USING REACT
➤ Easy to build UIs composed of small, distinct components.
➤ Encourages design of reusable UI components.
➤ Easier to understand what’s going on when markup lives with the code (JSX).
➤ Automatic re-rendering of components on change.
➤ Easy to maintain.

INSTALL REACT
$ npm i react react-dom —save-dev

REACTIFY INDEX.JSX
import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import App from “./App";
ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById("content"));

ADD A REACT “APP” CLASS
➤ Remember to export your react classes!
// App.jsx
import React from “react”;
export default class App extends React.Component {
render () {
return <p> Hello React!</p>;
}
}

.
├── README.md
├── server/
└── static/
├── css/
├── dist/
├── images/
├── js/
│ ├── index.jsx
│ └── App.jsx

WHAT IS JSX?
➤ Syntax extension to JavaScript.
➤ Optimised on compilation, so faster than JavaScript.
➤ Statically typed and mostly type-safe. JavaScript is not.
➤ Lets you write HTML tags in your JavaScript functions:
<Hello name=“Rimini” />
instead of
React.createElement(Hello, {name: “Rimini}, null)
➤ Recognises upper-case element-types as written in React. E.g. <Hello />
➤ How do we make our browser understand JSX?

INTRODUCING BABEL
Write next-generation javascript right now!
Transform JSX to JS.

ADD BABEL
➤ Install Babel
➤ Add the Babel presets to the package.json:
“babel”: {
“presets”: [
“es2015”,
“react”
]
},

ADD A BABEL-LOADER RULE TO THE WEBPACK CONFIG:
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /.jsx?/,
exclude: /node_modules/,
use: 'babel-loader'
}
]
}

OPEN INDEX.HTML IN YOUR BROWSER
➤ This should now show the “Hello React” paragraph we added in our new React
App.jsx ﬁle.

PYTHON
➤ Go to the server folder
➤ Ensure you’re in a Python virtualenv
$ mkvirtualenv fullstack
➤ Install Flask
(fullstack)$ pip install flask
➤ Create a ﬁle called server.py in the server folder

.
├── README.md
├── server/
│ └── server.py
└── static/
├── css/
├── dist/
├── images/
├── js/
│ └── App.jsx

SERVER.PY
from flask import Flask, render_template
app = Flask(__name__, static_folder=“../static/dist",
template_folder="../static")
@app.route("/")
def index():
return render_template("index.html")
@app.route("/hello")
def hello():
return "Hello World!”
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run()

START THE SERVER
➤ Go to: http://localhost:5000/
$ python server.py

REQUEST INFO FROM THE SERVER
var $ = require(‘jquery');
getPythonHello() {
$.get(window.location.href + 'hello', (data) => {
console.log(data);
this.personaliseGreeting(data);
});
}

MAKE PYTHON DO SOMETHING MORE INTERESTING
➤ We call get_hello() whenever we hit the /hello endpoint
def get_hello():
greeting_list = ['Ciao', 'Hei', 'Salut', 'Hola', 'Hallo', 'Hej']
return random.choice(greeting_list)

SAY HI TO SOMEONE SPECIAL
➤ There should be a class for that!

➤ Change the App.jsx render method to the following:

render () {
return (
<PageHeader>
<div className='header-contents'>
<Hello name='Rimini' />
</div>
</PageHeader>
);
)

.
├── README.md
├── server/
└── static/
├── css/
├── dist/
├── images/
├── js/
│ ├── App.jsx
│ └── Hello.jsx

CREATE THE HELLO CLASS
export default class Hello extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
// greeting is now “Hello Rimini”
this.state = {greeting: 'Hello ' + this.props.name};
// This binding is necessary to make `this`
// work in the button callback
this.getPythonHello = this.getPythonHello.bind(this);
}
}

➤ Add this function to the Hello class:
➤ This will re-render the greeting on our website to a new one when called.
personaliseGreeting(greeting) {
this.setState({greeting: greeting + ' ' + this.props.name + '!'});
}

LET’S FINALLY RENDER OUR HELLO!
render () {
return (
<h1>{this.state.greeting}</h1>
<hr/>
<Button onClick={this.getPythonHello}>
Say Hello!
</Button>
);
}

CREATE A NICE LAYOUT WITH CSS
➤ Webpack ONLY understands JavaScript.
➤ Install the following loaders and plugins:
➤ style-loader
➤ css-loader
➤ extract-text-webpack-plugin
➤ Add a plugin to the webpack conﬁg:
plugins: [
new ExtractTextPlugin('styles.css'),
]

.
├── README.md
├── server/
└── static/
├── css/
│ └── fullstack.css
├── dist/
│ ├── bundle.js
│ └── styles.css
├── images/
├── js/

➤ Add fullstack.css to the css folder
➤ Add a few css rules for our header
➤ require fullstack.css in App.jsx:
require(‘../css/fullstack.css');
➤ Add the bundled css to the index.html:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="dist/styles.css">

.
├── README.md
├── server/
└── static/
├── css/
│ └── fullstack.css
├── dist/
│ ├── bundle.js
│ └── styles.css
├── images/
│ └── header.png
├── js/

ADD A NICE BACKGROUND IMAGE
1. Add the ﬁle-loader loader
2. Add an image to your images/ folder
3. Set the image to be your header background in the fullstack.css ﬁle
background-image: url(‘../images/header.jpg’);
4. NOTE: you have to load the image in your React app for it to show up!

IN APP.JSX
import HeaderBackgroundImage from ‘../images/header.jpg’;
➤ Add this fn to your class:
addHeaderImg() {
let headerBg = new Image();
headerBg.src = HeaderBackgroundImage;
}
➤ And this to your render():
{this.addHeaderImg()}

THANK YOU! ANY QUESTIONS?
@angineering
@angineering - The code is on GitHub:
https://github.com/angineering/FullStackTemplate
@angineering - This talk is also a blogpost

Creating a full stack web app with python, npm, webpack and react

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