creating objects and Class methods

Object-Oriented Programming.
Class and Object
Creating Objects
Class Methods

Definition:
Procedural programming is about writing
procedures or functions that perform
operations on the data, while object-
oriented programming is about creating
objects that contain both data and
functions.

Advantages:
OOP is faster and easier to execute
OOP provides a clear structure for the
programs
OOP helps to keep the C++ code DRY
"Don't Repeat Yourself", and makes the
code easier to maintain, modify and debug
OOP makes it possible to create full
reusable applications with less code and
shorter development time

Classes/Objects
Everything in C++ is associated with
classes and objects, along with its
attributes and methods. For example: in
real life, a car is an object. The car
has attributes, such as weight and color,
and methods, such as drive and brake.

Attributes and methods are basically
variables and functions that belongs to
the class. These are often referred to as
"class members".
A class is a user-defined data type that we
can use in our program, and it works as an
object constructor, or a "blueprint" for
creating objects.

Create a Class
To create a class, use the class keyword:
Example:
Create a class called "MyClass":
class MyClass { // The class
public: // Access specifier
int myNum; // Attribute (int
variable)
string myString; // Attribute (string
variable)
};

Example explained
The class keyword is used to create a
class called MyClass.
The public keyword is an access
specifier, which specifies that members
(attributes and methods) of the class are
accessible from outside the class. You will
learn more about access specifier later.

Example explained
Inside the class, there is an integer
variable myNum and a string
variable myString. When variables are
declared within a class, they are
called attributes.
At last, end the class definition with a
semicolon ;.

Create an Object
In C++, an object is created from a class.
We have already created the class
named MyClass, so now we can use this
to create objects.
To create an object of MyClass, specify
the class name, followed by the object
name.
To access the class attributes
(myNum and myString), use the dot
syntax (.) on the object:

Example
Create an object called "myObj" and
access the attributes:
int myNum; // Attribute (int variable)
string myString; // Attribute (string
variable)
};

int main() {
MyClass myObj; // Create an object of
MyClass
// Access attributes and set values
myObj.myNum = 15;
myObj.myString = "Some text";
// Print attribute values
cout << myObj.myNum << "n";
cout << myObj.myString;
return 0;
}

Class Methods
Methods are functions that belongs to
the class.
There are two ways to define functions
that belongs to a class:
1) Inside class definition
2) Outside class definition
In the following example, we define a
function inside the class, and we name it
"myMethod".

Inside Example
void myMethod() { // Method/function
defined inside the class
cout << "Hello World!";
}
};
int main() {
MyClass
myObj.myMethod(); // Call the method
return 0;}

To define a function outside the class
definition, you have to declare it inside the
class and then define it outside of the
class. This is done by specifying the name
of the class, followed the scope
resolution :: operator, followed by the
name of the function:

Outside Example
void myMethod(); // Method/function
declaration
};
// Method/function definition outside the
class
void MyClass::myMethod() {
cout << "Hello World!";
}

int main() {
MyClass
myObj.myMethod(); // Call the method
return 0;
}

creating objects and Class methods

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