Database Management Systems ( Dbms )

Database Management Systems ( Dbms )
Data is at the centre of most today's businesses and businesses must pay close attention to how they
access, store and use data. One of the systems at the heart of current data management is different
database management system.
But as with most technology product out there, people have a wide range of database technologies
and systems to choose from. Picking out the most convenient for your business can be difficult.
This guide will hope to explain what database management systems are and what are the benefits for
using one. We'll also explain some of the most common distinctions between these technologies and
provide you a few tips on how to select the best system for your business.
Introduction to database management systems
What are database management systems (DBMS)? First, it's good to understand the different
components of DBMS. At the core of DBMS is database, which is essentially an organised
collection of data. The data in database is modelled in reality in a manner, which helps supports
processes that seek information.
Creating a database is simple, but you also need to be able to use the database for different
functions. This is where database management systems come to the rescue.
A DBMS is a computer software application, which helps to interact with the user of the database,
different applications, as well the database itself in order to gather and analyse data. A DBMS allows
interaction with the data, whether it is to create, analyse, delete or change
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Database And Knowledge Base Management System
Trident University
Rondia Riles
Module 1 Case Assignment
ITM 540: Database and Knowledge–Base Management
Dr. Ying Liu
August 16, 2013
Introduction Information and data have become the cornerstone of business enterprises today.
Financial services organizations rely on important trade and market data, retail business rely on
consumer and market data, and military organizations are concerned with classified and national
security–sensitive data. As these organizations continue spend more time, effort, and money into the
management of this data, data base management systems are gaining more attention in Information
Technology Enterprise. This paper will discuss the advantages of using an Object Database
Management System (ODBMS) as opposed to the older a less flexible Relational Based Data
Management Systems.
Overview of Object Oriented Database Management Systems
The 1990s saw the emergence of ODBMS as the dominant data modeling application software. It
began in the 1960s and continued during the 1980s as technologists were searching for a more
flexible and capable way of dealing with data that fundamentally changed the way applications were
being designed. Object technology depicted data in terms of "classes" instead of representing it in
the strict table format of relational databases. A class is defined as the structure and code provided
by the programmer. It includes a description of the type of data, how it is stored, and its code.
However,

Questions On Database Management System
1. Interpreting language:
Since the file–processing system can be built on any of the programming languages, this will be a
tedious task for other language developers to understand the actual logic behind the data storage and
build a new requirement. But Database Management System (DBMS) uses a Structured Query
Language (SQL) which will be used universally to insert, update or delete the data by all the
developers and this will act as a common language for all the developers/ end users to work with the
data.
2. Data redundancy and inconsistency.
In file processing system, many files are generated or created using different programming
languages by different developers in one particular project.
For example, let us consider the example of a Software project which consists of various teams/
developer teams.
a. Duplicate data:
In our software project example, if we have a particular person working on two technologies namely
.NET developer and as an Automation test developer, then the same person information (namely
employee id, email id, phone number) will be stored in both the files(namely .NET team file and the
Automation test developer file)
In DBMS, by using the normalization concepts on tables, we design the database in such a way that
the data is not duplicated.
b. Data Redundancy leads to higher storage and access cost.
As the same employee's data is stored in two different files, this leads to unnecessary usage of disk
space for the same employee data which will

An Object Relational Database Management System
INTRODUCTION An object–relational database management system (ORDMS) is a DBMS that
supports both relational and object–oriented functions. SQL:1999 seems like the most innovative
update to the language since its induction, largely because of the adoption of object–oriented related
upgrades. COLLECTION TYPES "A collection is an ordered group of elements, all of the same
type." (Oracle 2002) With this addition it became possible to use set operators which allows for a
single result from two queries. Operator Returns UNION All distinct rows selected by either query
UNION ALL All rows selected by either query, including all duplicates INTERSECT All distinct
rows selected by both queries MINUS All distinct rows selected by the first query ... Show more
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3. Varrays – this also uses sequential numbering as the key which makes its use ideal when trying to
access its contents in sequence. However, because varrays holds a fixed number of elements, the
method should be used when the amount of elements is predetermined. USER–DEFINED DATA
TYPES (UDT) UDTs have numerous ways of implementation. They act much like the typedefs in
the C language and can be used as defining a table, element, or even column type. Distinct user–
defined types of power allow the use of name equivalence instead of structural equivalence.
Compatible operations can be achieved by using the CAST operation. Structured user–defined types
allow for type inheritance which creates subtypes that inherit attributes and functions of their super
types or references types. "There are several reasons why UDT 's are useful within an object
database" (Burleson Consulting 2014): 1. Encapsulation – The existence of a complete entity. This
means once the data definitions, default values, and value constraints are defined uniformity and
consistency are guaranteed. Because of this, once nested UDTs will retain uniformity throughout the
database. 2. Reusability – Refers to the reuse of the hierarchy of common data structures which we
learned in a previous course saves coding time and insures uniformity. 3. Flexibility – This is
obvious in the name, User–Defined Data Type, as it allows great flexibility when creating

Database Management Systems
Question 1: Differentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by
focusing on their functionalities.
Database management system (DBMS) is an application which interacts with the database at some
point in its execution. While, the Information Retrieval System (IR) is the activity of gathering
information resources which related to information need from a collection of information resources.
Usually, we use metadata or full–text indexing in order to make a search on data requires.
Information Retrieval Systems are used to overcome what has been called as "information
overload". Many universities and public libraries use Information Retrieval System to provide
access to books, journals and other documents. For instance, Web search engines such as Google,
Yahoo and Bing, are the most visible IR applications.
There are several functions that DBMS performed to make sure the integrity of the data and data
consistency in the database such as data storage, retrieval and update, A user–Accessible catalogue,
transactional support, concurrency control services, recovery services, Authorization services,
support for data communication, integrity services, services to promote data independence and
utility services.
Meanwhile, an information retrieval process begins when a user enters a query into the system.
Queries are formal statements of information needs, for example search strings in web search
engines. In information retrieval a query does not

Annotated Bibliography On Database Management System
Abstract:
There are many restrictions on the write and read operations in database management system. These
restrictions show the measurable effect on the each and every transaction in the database
management system and which are due to some specific operations. The transactions are not only
read that data from database all the time but sometime some transaction need to delete the data items
from database and create the data items into database. Such type of transactions show high impact
on concurrency control. So, we are analyzing how those transaction bias the concurrency control in
database management system.
Introduction:
The basic problem of concurrency control is sharing the data in database at a time by many numbers
of users. Due to many users accessing data at a time which causes to produce the undesirable output
or system failure even the transaction is correct. This problem may not occur due to read operations.
This problem is due to manipulating data in database such that performing creates, modify and write
operations on data items. The delete operation has capability of deleting the data items which is
similar to modify operation. And the insert operation have able to create a new data items and assign
the values if data items are not exist before staring the transaction which is similar to the create and
write operation in database.
The delete operation can be performed on when the data items exists on database. If we perform the
delete operation

Description Of A Database Management System
A database is a collection of information sequenced and organized in such a way that the computer
may be able to source and access it on demand by the operator. Like any other management system,
a database management system is a collection of programs and protocols that enable the user to
enter, sequence, organize, retrieve and select data on demand. Thus, a database management system
(abbreviated as DBMS) can be defined as the cumulated system that helps the user to access and
make effective use of a database on proper authentication.
The company chosen for analysis of database management is Amazon Incorporated. Amazon is an
online shopping portal that is now listed as the 4th largest database holder, even above firms like
YouTube or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This operation does not require any human intervention and is the sole responsibility of the database
management system.
Since Amazon is an international company, the customer base to be kept track of is huge and as a
result, the data that is stored is also enormous. In addition to the authentication details of the user,
the company also collects the following data Geographic location Search history Phone identity
Online transaction information Frequency of
addition to the data requested optionally, the company stores the following data for optimal usage of
the relational database services it offers. Credit card details Address of the buyer Interests of the
buyer
These are stored in "graph formats" that is accessed by a "NoSQL" database developed by Amazon.
This makes the company to access and retrieve the data as soon as possible. Following the many
advantages the database had, the company even made the database available to companies in need in
pro–rata basis.
Security offered
The company uses a 128 bit secured encryption for all the data stored in their database. The
transmission of data is done through Secure sockets layer (commonly referred as SSL), which
enables high level protection against data theft or tamper.
Accessing data worldwide
Data management service for an international company also refers to the ability to transfer and
receive data in any geographic location provided it the recipient server is

Notes On Database Management Systems Essay
Enhancement in Database Management Systems By: – Nipun Jain Computer science department
Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
Abstract
This paper is based on the database systems. And will result in providing the whole new information
about that. Basically, database systems are the computer applications which interacts with the user
and help in maintaining the work by making them in synchronization and in a relative format
sometimes. Database systems are also help in keeping the records of utilities and securing them for
ages. This paper will tell you whole new achievements which can be done with the help of using the
database with its correct efficiencies.
Introduction
A database is an synchronized collection of the data. It is the collection of schemes, tables, queries,
reports, views and other objects. The data is typically organized to model aspects of reality in a way
that supports processes requiring information, such as modeling the availability of rooms in hotels in
a way that supports finding a hotel with vacancies.
A database management system (DBMS) is a computer software application that interacts with the
user, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. A general–purpose
DBMS is designed to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of
databases. Well–known DBMSs

Database Management System
Basith Shaik
Southern New Hampshire University
September 7, 2015
Abstract
The intent of this paper is to design and propose a database management system solution to
Grandfield College for tracking software installed. I have analyzed the organizational issues and
needs and developed conceptual, logical, and physical designs of DBMS solution. In order to
implement the solution, substantial research had been done on best practices in design, available
products, and the legal and ethical standards to which we must adhere during design. This paper
includes Business rules, Conceptual, Logical, and Physical database designs, Recommendations on
best DBMS required for Grandfield College, Data model, Legal ... Show more content on
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* Track requests of new software.
Issues with current system * Some of the information is recorded in notebooks and not entered in
spreadsheets * Reliable database is not available * People work in shifts to collect and preserve the
data * There is no security provided for the records to protect against threats
Highlights of Information provided * Installations are not entered until they have completed
successfully. * Some installations can be done from network drives. * Some installation require
media. * Instructors with administrative rights can check out software and do their own installations.
* Instructors with administrative rights must sign an agreement and are responsible for their own
support.
Solution
Looking at the requirements of Grandfield College, I have planned a solution with following steps
are Step 1. Data Gathering: This task consists of the gathering of spreadsheets currently used by the
software management team which includes the list of software, licensing of software, and all faculty
and staff computers and what software is installed on each. Also included is a list of software
requests. Step 2. Data Analysis: The data will be analyzed to determine database modeling. Step 3.
Database normalization: Fields and

Database Analysis : Database Management System Essay
Choosing A Database
Everyday the world progressively moves towards a digital future, and the use of physical data
storage, such as files in filing cabinets, are becoming obsolete. Most companies store their
information into databases to easily manage and share their data within the organization. A database
management system (DBMS) is needed to to create, use and maintain databases for the efficient
storage and retrieval of data.
Why Choose a Database?
Before one can begin to choose a database, it is first important to understand the goals and purposes
of the organization and their database needs. Databases are not a one size fits all, and need to be
thoroughly researched before moving forward.
To understand what an organization's database requirements may be, it is vital to discern what uses
can be had from a database. Databases are key in a business operation, they allow for the quick
access to company data, and help to quickly sort and deliver information when needed. A few
examples of the functions a database can provide for a business is the ability to track customers,
their inventory, and even employees.
Being able to manage customers in a database is one of the biggest assets a company can gain when
transitioning to a database. A customer is the 'lifeblood' of a business and using a database can help
to keep the customer's contact details, previous orders, and any other pertinent data that may apply.
Another benefit to keeping customers in a database is the

Database Management System Essay
CHAPTER 14: OLAP AND DATABASE ADMINISTRATION
14.1 LEARNING OBJECTIVE AND OUTCOMES The basics objective to create a well–designed
database using basic database commands. lt also provide how to manipulate the stored data and
return meaningful results to help analyze the data stored. Upon completion of this chapter, they will
be able to:
Create, read, update, and delete data using basic SQL commands.
Perform relational joins and transactions on SQL tables.
Aggregate data through functions and conditionals.
Perform sub queries and manipulate views.
Create stored procedures within SQL.
Summarize data using PIVOT and UNPIVOT.
Demonstrate knowledge of data indices and information schemas.
Create a full–fledged blog database. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is consider as a specialists that an OLAP system which contains an information on server that
allows quick access to data (atomic data and derived data) and facilities calculations. Because OLAP
tools work with multidimensional data models, perform complex analytical queries, ad hoc and has
a high processing speed, some scholars have suggested that they rather be called FASMI (Fast
Analysis of Shared Multidimensional Information) . Thus, Nigel and Richard Creeth Pendle, from
the idea that "18 or even 12 rules are too much "wanted to define the characteristics of OLAP
applications in a simple way and thus propose FASMI test, five key words:
1) Key word "speed" – users have earlier access to data at any time (basically the smooth running of
a company is assured of making correct decisions to be taken quickly based on data that is stored in
a warehouse data, the speed of access becomes a necessity). If simple analysis response time is one
second, and for more complex analysis, response time may be longer than 20 seconds;
2) key word "analysis" – OLAP system should provide the user to perform various tests with the
help of mathematical methods or statistical. Virtually, should provide the opportunity definition of
ad–hoc calculations making reports in any form without the use of professional programming
languages.
3) key word "shared" – allowing data to be accessed by many concurrent users

Database Management System ( Dbms )
A database management system or DBMS is a certain type of system software, which is used for the
creation, and management of databases. A DBMS serves for multiple purposes but is mainly used to
provide users and programmers with a systematic way to retrieve, create, manage, and update data.
A DBMS serves as an interface between data and its end user, making sure that data is consistently
organized and remains easily accessible to users. DBMS's are vital to several aspects of our
technological world and are responsible for the data organization of several thriving industries in
this world including banking, airlines, wealth management, manufacturers, credit card companies,
and telecommunications. A DBMS is useful for providing a view of data that can be accessed by
multiple users, from multiple locations at one time. A DBMS can act as a filter and can limit what a
user sees and also sets limits on how that user can view data. Users and programmers are free from
having to determine where the data is physically located or on what type of storage media it resides
because the DBMS simply deals with all requests. The DBMS can give both logical and physical
data independence, which means that it can protect its users or applications from needing to know
where data is stored. Although a DBMS benefits several sectors of the world, they are by far most
beneficial in business organizations. Thousands of companies depend on accurate recordings,
updates, and tracking of their data

Evolution Of Database Management Systems
EVOLUTION OF DBMS
1.INTRODUCTION
As technology is rapidly emerging and changing, organizations are quickly adapting to it, and with
this technology and software advancement includes database management systems. Database
management systems have become a crucial tool in every organization. It will be rather more
surprising to see a company not using DBMS in this age. As organizations emerge and grow by
years, they have numerous data sets to handle and database management systems is a software
application which helps organizations perform this mundane task easily. It collects, organizes the
databases and also stores and performs functions on the databases making it easier for users to
access. Now days, an organization wouldn't survive without data and information. The way this data
is important for an organization, to manage this data is equally important. Database management
systems has become a part of every field right from schools, libraries, medical centers, airlines,
chemical plants etcetera. With the effective use of database management systems software in
organizations, it comes with advantages and disadvantages which will be later explained in the
findings section of this paper.
The research would concentrate more on how database management system applications have
progressed since the past decade. The research objective is to study the evolution of DBMS and
learn about the emerging alternative applications for this traditional system. The positive and
negative effects

Database Management Systems Or Dbms
Database Management Systems or DBMS' are essential software's for databases that take in
information to be processed, organized, and analyzed. DBMS' play a significant role in many things
we interact with on the daily like the internet. DBMS' can be on a small scale for individual use or
on a larger scale for a company looking to keep track of all the data they collect.
Each database is custom designed for the company, or organization that will use it. Records are kept
in databases and each record is very unique in its own way having different fields for what it
pertains to. Each record has something that makes it unique that the other records don't have. Text,
number, dates, and amounts of money are all different computations for DBMS. All of this
information is separated into fields and this is how Big Data is sorted and accessible and
understandable. The data can be put in manually or sometimes it is computer assisted when it is
more efficient. For example: a program may catch on if you are doing monthly reports and create a
section for all 12 months after one is manually made.
The use of Database Management Systems can date back to 1966. The program was made by IBM
with the help of other companies for the Apollo Program. It was designed to keep track of the bill of
materials for space crafts and other things involving the trip to space. This database used a
hierarchical format which can be considered a tree like structure which is still used today. At the top
of the

Database Analysis : Database Management System
Summary:
Database Management System in easy terms we can say that set of data organized in a relative way.
It allows data for various entries, storage and retrieval of large quantity of information and provides
ways to manage how the information is stored. There is big number of database providers and each
different database has its own strength so while choosing a particular database we need to
understand what the business requirement is and match them with what DBMS can provide us to
make our data management conveniently and easily. Oracle Database has wide range of products
and services that they offer. The current recent version of oracle database is 12c in market. it has
multi–tenant architecture and it has very good resources to make it more efficient for users to use. It
has unlimited number of database size and user can take advantage of various functions in it like
data warehousing, big data architecture depending on the needs of the user organization.
Resource 2 Title and Reference:
DBMS – Microsoft SQL Server
Retrieved from:
Gravelle, R. (2014). An Overview of the MySQL Performance Schema – DatabaseJournal.com.
[online] Databasejournal.com. Available at: http://www.databasejournal.com/features/mysql/an–
overview–of–the–mysql–performance–schema.html Summary:
Database Management System is a kind of software used to manage complex and large data in a
related format. It allows us to pull the data from different sources, store and sort the data. It is a

Relational Database Management System ( Rdbms )
Background
This report provides analysis and evaluation of how Relational Database Management System
(RDBMS) can be applied to improve organization and business effectiveness. The method of
analysis includes basic information of Relational Database Management System and reference of
how database management can bring positive improvement on manage small or large amount of
information in the organization. Also, include a brief information of business those are successful in
their field's thanks of the application of database system in their organizations and recommendations
to apply Relational Database Management System to the company.
Analysis
Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is an engine/system based on the relational
model created by Edgar F. Codd in 1970. The major distinguish of this system is the ability to use
tables for data storage while maintain and enforce certain data relationship. Another aspect of this
system is that allow users to insert, update, retrieve, and delete specific content or contents storage
in the database. Also, RDBMS provides relational operator codes that enable the relationship
between two or more entities in a database (Dangerfield & Morris,1990). These system's
characteristics can be applied on business operations improving company management of small and
large amount of information from a specific department or workplace. Relational Database
Management allows monitoring all information flow from that specific department

Database Management System For A Company
A research database management system (RDBMS) is the most used database management system
for a company. Its roots date back to 1970, created by E.F. Codd at IBM. The database approach
involves the storage of data involving tables. Attributes of the tables involve rows, used as a record
of an entity. Columns, also attributes of the table, determine what will be recorded for that field.
Within a table one primary key will be found, this represents a unique column of the table. A table
may also have a foreign key, there can be more than one, and it identifies a primary key of another
table. Foreign keys allow for relationships between tables to be created.
The RDBMS is so widely used because of its simplicity to understand relationships between data.
The data can also be analyzed in many ways using queries, reports, etc. A database management
system covers all functions of the business and is essential for businesses to be run efficiently. Since
the introduction of this time of database management system in 1970 it has triumphed many former
types of widely used databases and fended off new types of databases to remain the most common
type. Times have changed in the information technology world since 1970 when IBM was running
the show and leading the world with improving and introducing new technology. I believe the top
five most used RDBMS used in the market today are Oracle, Microsoft SQL server, IBM DB2,
MySQL and PostgreSQL. Oracle database had its first

Databases are fundamentally containers for data. When data for any organization needs to be stored,
databases can be used. For example, let's say a public library stores books, we could say that the
library is a database of books. But specifically, databases are computer structures that save,
organize, safeguard and produce and/or deliver data. A database platform is essentially a database
management system (DBMS) which is a computer software application that interacts with the user,
other applications, and with the database itself to capture and analyze data. A general–purpose
DBMS is designed in a way to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of
databases1. Before we dive deeper into databases and the types, we need to know the difference
between what a database is and what a DBMS is so we don't confuse ourselves.
Database is a collection of related data stored in several different tables, and linked with each other
using foreign keys. A DBMS is a Database Management System, is a piece of software that manages
databases and lets you create, edit and delete databases, their tables and their data. Examples of a
DBMS include, MySQL, MY SQL Server, Oracle, PostgreSQL, and SQLite.
When Organizations involved in combining various data sources may well be looking to source a
Database Management system. There are various factors to consider during the process. Some of the
factors include:
1) Usability – When considering a database, you have to

Database Security Databases are used to store different types of information, from data on an e–mail
account to important data of government agencies. The security of the database inherits the same
difficulties of security facing the information, which is to ensure the integrity, availability and
confidentiality. Database management system must provide mechanisms that will assist in this task.
SQL databases implement mechanisms that restrict or enable access to data according to profiles or
roles provided by the administrator. (Mittal, 2009). The "GRANT" command grants specific
privileges to an object (table, view, sequence, database, function, procedural, schema, or table space
language) for one or more users or groups of users. The concern with the creation and maintenance
of secure environments is one of the main concerns of the network administrator, operating systems
and databases. Research shows that most of the attacks, theft of information and access non –
authorized are carried out by people belonging to the organization. For this reason, these
professionals strive to both create and use tools in order to eliminate unauthorized access or reduce
the opportunities of success of attempts to attack either internal or external. Information systems
access controls must certify that all the shortcuts to the system happen exclusively according to
modalities and pre–scheduled rules observed by protection directives/policies (Ben Natan, 205).
Generally, security

Application And Utility Of Database Management Systems
Roger K. Doost, (2002) "The need for change in the way we teach accounting information systems",
Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 17 Iss: 5, pp.277 – 282
The article, "The need for change in the way we teach accounting information systems", by Roger
K. Doost, seeks to address the issues of how teachers and Universities are behind the power curve
when it comes to teaching the Accounting Information Systems (AIS) course. He argues that
lectures out of the textbook will no longer be beneficial if instructors do not include hands on
training going forward."The emphasis on database and database management should be
supplemented with relevant software and teaching material to make the course more meaningful and
the efforts more fruitful". (Doost, 2002). This article is to illustrate how the incorporation of
Microsoft Access into the AIS course provides an excellent demonstration into application and
utility of database management systems. In the introductory section of this article, Doost elaborates
on the many reasons why some of his fellow colleagues are having a rather difficult time teaching
the AIS course effectively. He stated that in the past, Universities employed professors' based on
their interest in the course or having experience in the AIS field. With that being said, some
professors can teach a course outside of their professional fields of study. "The ideal professor to
teach this subject matter is one who has adequate graduate work in the areas of both

Application Of A New Database Management System
When selecting a new database management system, determine if the vendor offers auditing,
reporting and data management tools. In addition, the software should provide application level
security and interface to the organization 's corporate–wide procedures for granting access to
systems. For example, authentication should allow a secure protocol, such as Secure Sockets Layer
(SSL). In addition, data may need to be encrypted to ensure additional protection. Application
security gateways and database firewalls understand the application and track user access. Deep
packet inspection examines each packet going over the network to the database server to determine
the type of access being attempted. Application security gateways can provide ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
To discover and document existing organizational policies, the solution selected should be able to
automate a process of report production that covers such topics as planning and organizing for
database compliance, certification and control of database activities, risk assessment, and
investigation and disclosure of any exceptions. Having access to report templates that were built to
address SOX implementations creates an ideal situation, since such templates do not require a great
deal of setup but still have the flexibility to be customized to company needs. All database requests
must be able to be logged and a full audit trail should be easily and automatically extractable from
this information. This audit trail needs to contain such information as which data was accessed, by
whom, when, how, and from where. The exportable information can be maintained for as many
years as necessary and submitted to the proper authorities as required. Automated scheduling of
SOX workflows and audit tasks and dissemination of relevant information to responsible parties
across the organization are also great time savers, helping to increase audit process efficiency.
When potential anomalies arise, the response must be instantaneous. Automatic alerts and access
control help to handle situations in a timely and

Database Management System Software ( Dbms )
Introduction Database management system software (DBMS) is the software that can operate on the
front and back end of an organization's database. As do the database requirements of an organization
differ, so do the types of DBMS software. The type of DBMS software required can often be
narrowed down to the organization's size and industry (Mohamed 2016). Currently, the top three
DBMSs are Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft SQL Server ("Microsoft SQL Server vs. MySQL vs.
Oracle Comparison" 2016). Each having its own forte; however, in this assessment, only MySQL
and Microsoft SQL Server (MS SQL Server) will by compared and contrasted to one another in the
aspects of an organization's needs, the hardware requirements, and the database ... Show more
MySQL also has a low total cost of ownership, in part, due to its diverse platform capabilities, free
use for simple users, and in–house operations. As a result of MySQL's broad compatibility and
ability to perform typical database needs, it is an appropriate selection for organizations looking for
a cost effective DBMS for lightweight to medium weight database requirements. MySQL has
different editions to meet the database needs of organizations. The different editions are as follows:
MySQL Community, Standard, Enterprise, and Cluster Carrier Grade ("MySQL :: MySQL Editions"
2016). The free MySQL Community Edition has the least features, has very limited security, and
only limited support on the forums. Organizations seeking support might choose MySQL Standard
Edition for an annual subscription at $2,000, which offers 24/7 support but also has limited security
and is unable to offer security, backup capabilities, and scalability. If security is a concern for an
organization, MySQL Enterprise Edition offers the previous editions feature in addition to security,
database backup, scalability, and an audit program for a yearly subscription of $5,000. For
organizations operating at multiple locations with high automation needs, MySQL Cluster Carrier
Grade Edition can automatically support the organization and has automated repair function to
maintain continuity for an annual subscription of $10,000. The

Assignment 2 Database Management Systems
Assignment–2 Database Management Systems
General Database Concepts
1. Describe the types of facility you would expect to be provided in a multi–user DBMS.
Data Storage, Retrieval and Update.
A User–Accessible Catalog.
Transaction Support.
Concurrency Control Services.
Recovery Services.
Authorization Services.
Support for Data Communication.
Integrity Services.
Services to Promote Data Independence.
Utility Services.
2. Discuss the differences between DDL and DML? What operations would you typically expect to
be available in each language?
Data Definition Language (DDL) statements are used to define the database design or schema while
Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements are used to manage data with Schema objects.
In DDL, we have operations like
CREATE: To create objects in database.
ALTER: Alter the structure of the database.
DROP: Delete objects from database.
TRUNCATE: Removing all records from the table.
COMMENT: Add comments to the data dictionary.
RENAME: rename the object.
In DML, we have operations like
SELECT: Retrieve data from the database.
INSERT: Insert data into the table.
UPDATE: Updates existing table.
DELETE: Deletes all the records from the table, the space for the record remain.
MERGE: UPSERT operation (insert or update)

CALL: Call a PL/SQL or java program.
3. Name four object–based data models.
Object and Object identifier
Attributes and methods
Class
Class

Database Management System Case Study
 Student name = G..H.H Harshana Sandaruwan.
 SQA ID number = 157472097
 NIC No = 941272851V
 Subject name = DATA BASE MANAGEMENT 01.
 Subject code = H7DX 04.
Contents
01) Describe fundamentals of Database Management System. Evolution of Database Management
System.
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Database Management System
02) Describe the following job roles related to Database Management System.
Data Administrator (DA).
Database Administrator (DBA).
Data Designer.
Application Developer.
End User.
03) Documentation should consist of relevant image/ diagrams with minimum of 1500 word.
01) Describe fundamentals of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Advantage and Disadvantages of the Database Management System. File Based System approach.
DBMS has very import by the Advantage And Disadvantage. Database

management has a Number of advantages compared to traditional computer
file approach .it is these Benefits (of monitoring the DBMS capabilities
during designing databases )
The single database contains multiple tables and relationships can be
created between tables by the data integration. Data I record only one place
in the database and it is not duplicated.
Users can share same data Similarly, the data of same database can be
shared between different application program.
Most of the DBMS provide SQL as standard database access language. It
is used to access data from multiple tables of a database.
The DBMS provides tools that can be used to develop application programs.
For example, some wizards are available to generate Forms and

Relational Database Management System ( Rdbms )
Abstract
Relational database management system (RDBMS) have used for many decades. However, these
databases are facing several challenges with the requirements of many organizations like high
scalability and availability. They cannot deal with huge amount of data and requests efficiently. As a
result, famous organizations such as Google and Amazon shift from RDBMS to NoSQL databases.
NoSQL databases have several features that overcome issues. This paper explains features,
principles, and data models of NoSQL databases. However, the main focus of this paper is to
compare and evaluate two of the most popular NoSQL databases which are MongoDB and
Cassandra.
RDBMS, NoSQL, MongoDB, Cassandra
1. Introduction
In recent years with the new breed of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If you change your application, you have to change your database schema as well. This fixed
schema used by RDBMS make them impossible to quickly incorporate new types of data. Also, it is
a poor fit for unstructured and semi–structured data [14, 17].
Since queries require attributes from more than one table result in a join operation, join decreases
the performance of RDBMS. Joins and locks have a negative impact on performance of RDBMS
[4].
RDBMS provide limited replication techniques. In fact, these databases are based on consistency
instead of availability [14].
In order to understand NoSQL databases, chapter two will describe the most significant features of
NoSQL databases for solving the above mentioned requirements. Since the relational data model is
not suitable for some use cases, chapter three will explain structure and flexibility of different data
models offered by NoSQL databases. Chapter four will compare two of the widely used NoSQL
databases which are MongoDB and Cassandra.
2. BASE vs. ACID
Both RDBMS and NoSQL databases use principles that are derived from CAP theorem. According
to this theorem, following guarantees can be defined [8,12, 20]:
Consistency. All the users see the same data at any time.
Availability. When certain nodes fail, the other nodes in the system are able to continue and operate.

Relational Database Management System
1. A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a type of database management system
that stores data in the form of related tables. The system does not require many assumptions about
how data is related t or how it is to be extracted from the database. The database can be viewed in
several forms.
2. De–Normalization is a process of adding redundant data to get rid of complex joins for
optimizing database performance.
3. A view is an SQL statement that is stored within a database that is also associated with a name. A
view is also a table in the form of a query. A view can contain all rows of a table or select rows from
a table.
4. Subqueries are often referred as subselects, as they allow a SELECT statement to be executed
within ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The process of restoring the backup of log files and database on a primary server and restoring them
to a standby server is called Log shipping.
21. Local temporary tables are visible only to their creators during the same connection to an
instance of SQL Server as when the tables were first created or referenced. Local temporary tables
are deleted after the user disconnects from the instance of SQL Server. Global temporary tables are
visible to any user and on any connection after they are created, and are deleted when all users that
are referencing the table disconnect from the instance of SQL Server.
22. Scheduled jobs are automated pieces of work that can be performed at a customized date and
time on a recurring schedule. Scheduled tasks are created using SQL server, which enables the SQL
commands to be executed automatically at regularly timed intervals.
23. A Heap Table is a table that does not have cluster or a non–cluster indices. Multiple non–
clustered indices can be created on tables that are stored as a Heap. When they are stored in a Heap
they are not ordered in any specific way.
24. The process that writes the modified pages from Buffer Cache to physical disk is called the
CHECKPOINT process. This process is run automatically by SQL Server at specific

The Advantages Of Database Management Systems
Assignment 1
Matthew Fisher
May 15, 2016
Part 1: Database Concepts
Topic 1: The Advantages of Database Management Systems
A database system would offer the innkeepers several advantages over the flat file system, including
enforced data integrity, minimized effort to adapt data into usable information, and abstraction.
Storing data in a flat file system, as the innkeepers do, and accessing the data directly pose problems
of data integrity. Anomalous data could easily arise if the innkeepers update a record in one file, but
do not take care to update related records in other files. Where data are kept in multiple, separate
files, but have a conceptual relationship to each other, a file system is of limited use compared to a
database management system (DBMS). A DBMS ensures that relationships between entities are
enforced.
By way of example, a GUEST entity might have a GUEST_ID attribute that appears in multiple
locations (e.g. a RESERVATIONS entity). In the file system model, the innkeepers may choose to
store addresses of guests in both GUEST and RESERVATION files in order to quickly access
address information while booking reservations. If the address is updated in one place, but not the
other, this results in a data anomaly, where the address attributes for a guest do not agree. A well–
designed database using a DBMS could circumvent this issue by storing no guest information in the
RESERVATION table other than GUEST_ID. With this relationship, guests' addresses can still

Assignment 02
Due date: 1 August 2012 NB: Make sure you select the correct unique number for your module from
those indicated below. Unique number 759546 Tutorial matter covered in the prescribed book
Chapters 1 – 3: Chapter 5: Chapter 6: Chapter 7: Chapter 12: Chapter 14: Chapter 16: Revise as for
Assignment 01 Entity relationship modelling Advanced data modelling Normalisation of database
tables Transaction management and concurrency control Distributed database management systems
Database connectivity and web development
Question 1
What is a composite entity, and when is it used?
[4 marks] [8 marks]
Question 2
Briefly, but precisely, explain the difference between single–valued attributes and simple attributes.
Give an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Each time a new product is created, it must be added to the product inventory, using the
PROD_QOH in a table named PRODUCT. And each time the product ABC is created, the parts
inventory, using PART_QOH in a table named PART, must be reduced by one each of parts A, B,
and C. The sample database contents are shown in table 2. Table 2: The database for question 7
Table name: PRODUCT PROD_CODE ABC PROD_QOH 1,205 Table name: PART PART_CODE
PART_QOH A 567 B 498 C 549
On the basis of the above information, answer questions 7.1 to 7.3. 7.1 How many database requests
can you identify for an inventory update for both PRODUCT and PART? (2) 7.2 Using SQL, write
each database request you identified in question 7.1. 7.3 Write the complete transaction(s). (2) (20)
9
EXAMINATIONS
Use your my Studies @ Unisa brochure for general examination guidelines and examination
preparation guidelines.

10
None
OTHER ASSESSMENT METHODS
11
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Here are some of the questions (with their answers) that students repeatedly ask. Where can I get
hold of a copy of the textbook? Rob, Coronel and Crocket (2008) is a popular database textbook that
many students from different universities use. You are therefore advised to purchase the book as
soon as possible. If the University bookstore does not have the book in stock, ask them to put your
name on

Database Management Systems And Databases
Abstract:
NoSQL Databases also referred as Not only SQL databases. These NoSQL database have these days
gained much attention and reputation because of their performance and high scalability. The
advantage of NoSQL database is to store efficiently unstructured data. These days use of e–
commerce websites, social networking sites etc. has been increased. These usage made to create the
need to store the large data. Some companies have adopted NoSQL databases, as their data is
growing. Dynamo, Big table, Voldemort, Cassandra are the NoSQL databases that are used by
Amazon, Google, and LinkedIn and Facebook respectively. Facing these huge data has become
challenging for Relational Database Management Systems. Hence NoSQL database came into
existence. Mostly Relational Database Management System satisfies ACID properties, through
NoSQL database we can achieve high level of Scalability and performance. As a lot of sensitive data
is stored in NoSQL databases security issues becomes growing concerns. This Paper explains about
overview of NoSQL databases like Cassandra, mongo dB and their security features.
Introduction:
Database Management Systems has some basic requirements. They are confidentiality, integrity and
Availability. Availability means the stored data should be available when needed. These data should
be available only to the authorized entities called as Confidentiality. If that data is modified by the
authorized entities it is called as integrity. The traditional

Fundamentals On Database Management Systems
Research on Database Fundamentals
Fundamentals on Database Management Systems
Data and Information
Data are raw facts of the block of information. To be reminded that all the data will not useful
information. Useful information is fulfilled from processed data. Specially, data is to be explained in
order to gain information.
Database
A database is a well–ordered collection of data that are linked in a meaningful way, which can be
contacted in different logical orders.
A collection of related data with
logically coherent structure
inherent meaning
purpose, for intended users and applications
varying size
scope, content of varying breadth
physical organization of varying complexity
various applications with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
DBMS: a collection of general objective, application individual programs determining services to
Define the structure of a database: data types and restraint that the data have to satisfy.
Manage the storage of data, safely for long limits of time
Manipulate a database, with effective user interfaces to query the database to regain specific data,
update the database to reproduce changes in the world, and generate reports from the data.
Manage database usage: users with their access rights, performance optimization, sharing of data
among several users, security from accidents or unauthorized use.
Monitor and analyze database usage.
Using above Database, can highlight Important Functions on a Database
Structure definition: declare 5 files or relations + data types, e.g. Student (StudName, StudentNo,
Class, Dept)
Population: input data about specific students, courses, prerequisites, Querying o Which are the
prerequisites of the Database course? o List students who got grade 14 or 16 for the Database course
in 1993
Reporting: prepare diplomas, with standard text, interspersed with name of student, courses taken,

name of degree, grades, etc.
Modiﬁcation, update of population o Create a new session for the Database course o Enter a grade
16 for Smith in the Database Session
Modiﬁcation of structure, of schema o Create

Advantages And Definitions Of A Database Management System
Fundamentals of Database Management System
Before we talk about Fundamentals of database management system, we need to know what is a
'Data'. Data is a something which has an implicit meaning and that can be deduced to new facts
which can be recorded too.
Then we have to know what is a 'Database'. Database is known as organized, structured and
centralized set of data collection which are stored in a computer system. That can be managed,
updated and accessed.
Now we have to know what is 'Database Management System'. Database Management System is a
software package for store, manipulate, retrieve, update, maintain and data analyze in database.
Database Management System's are communicating with users and other software applications.
MYSQL, Microsoft ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Advantages– Limitations– Data independence. Lacks structural independence. Database security.
Difficult to manage because of Less redundant data. Many relationships. Efficient searching.
Complex implementation.
Network data model
It was a first attempt of using data into databases, same time as the hierarchical data model were
developing. In the network data model data is represented as collections of records and relationships
are represented by sets. The most popular network DBMS is computer associates IDMS/R. network
data model were used for large databases. In network model files are related as owners and members
like in hierarchical model. But member file can have more than one owner in network data model.
So it was very complex. Lets see a example diagram for network data model.
Relational model based

Information And Database Management Systems
Week 1: Overview of Information and Database Management Systems 6411–2 Main Post
The Database Management System of a healthcare organization is an application to perform
administrative tasks on a database and interacts with the data stored in the databases. Years ago
information was managed by a hands–on method such as files in the file cabinet. Now, databases are
utilized by technology to drive and manage information. These "databases are an organized
collection of data typically stored in an electronic format. Databases allow input, manage, organize,
and retrieve data quickly" (Cornell, and Morris, 2015). Then Technology takes the data collected
and transforms it into information which becomes knowledge to the users. The purpose of the study
is to examine the use of the database system in nursing and to determine the benefits and challenges
of the healthcare organization to use database systems and data.
Analyze the use of database systems and data in nursing practice
Select a database system that you encounter at work or with which you are familiar.
As the introduction of the study states, "many healthcare organizations are exploring new ways to
use this data to improve health outcomes and the quality of patient care" (Laureate edu, 2015). For
instance, Methodist Hospital of Houston Texas embraces the use of database system in their
laboratory which is just one example of technology. What's helpful about using the database
systems? For example, the database

Advantages Of Fundamentals Of Database Management System
Fundamentals of Database Management Systems.
What is Database Management System?
Today, Database management systems play a main role in management, data transportation,
administrative and control systems. A database management system (DBMS) is system software for
creating, managing databases. A database management system creates a systematic way for
programs, apps and users to create, retrieve, delete, update and manage data. DBMS ensure that data
is consistently organized and remains easily accessible. As a normal person we access to database
management systems every day within our personal computers, mobile phones and various digital
devises for various purposes like play online games, find something, find a place. Today every
business, organization use a DBMS for store, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That is the very first DBMS. Then IBM created their own database system, called IMS. That creates
for NASA's APPOLO space shuttle program. These two systems are the navigational data bases.
These database systems are not easy to use. In 1970s EDGAR CODD thought of a way to make
things a bit easier. He wrote a paper A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks. This
concept becomes relational DBMS.
Advantages of a DBMS
There are so many advantages of using DBMS. The biggest advantage is DBMS lets end users and
application programmers' access and use the same data while managing data integrity. And data is
better maintained and protected. Data can be shared using a DBMS instead of creating new
iterations of the same data stored in new files for every new application. A central storage of data
provides by a DBMS that can be accessed by multiple users in same time in a controlled manner.
Central storage and management of data within the DBMS provides:
Data security. (DBMS provides high security. Anyone cannot access data without root's permission).
Data independence and abstraction.
A locking system for concurrent

Database Management System And Growth Of Internet
Database Management System and the growth of Internet
I. Executive Summary
A. Database management system
B. Growth of Internet
II. Background
A. Database
1. History
2. Creation of database
3. Development
4. Today's market place
B. Internet
1. History
2. Growth of Internet
3. Market position
4. Customers
C. Situations
1. Cost Structure
2. Development
III. Problems
A. Causes
B. Nature
C. Consequences
IV. Solution
A. Demand
B. Innovation
V. Conclusion

Database Management system and Growth of Internet
Case study
Exclusive Summary
The terms data and Internet are connected with one device and its call "Computer". Now a day's
people are taking more interest regarding data and related terms. In general database means a
collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be managed, access and update. In
General, databases can be classified according to types of content: bibliographic, full–text, numeric,
and pictures. Whereas, Internet play an important role in today's world. The meaning of INTERNET
means an electronic communications network that connects computer networks and organizational
computer facilities around the world. Internet is connected with two different part called intra and
net. Moreover, it includes business, instructive, administrative, and other networks, all of which
utilize the same arrangement of interchanges conventions.
Background
A. Database
Databases are also called as authoritative methodology. The most predominant

Annotated Bibliography On Database Management Systems
The ability to store information has always been important for our survival. In the beginning,
information used to be shared by word of mouth. Then, with the invention of writing, data slowly
started to be stored in books kept in libraries, sorted in specific order that made them easily
accessible. Finally, the invention of the computers led to the evolution of databases.
Databases are important, because thanks to them humans are able to store and later on retrieve
information. The way in which databases arise is very simple. It all begins as a list in a word–
processing system. As the size of the list increases, the data starts to appear inconsistent. If this
occurs, Database Management Systems come to help, due to the fact they can store a large amount
of information in a number of tables linked to each other. Programs such as Access are able to add
new data to a database or make changes to already existing data from the database; they are even
able to delete information.
These features assist people in analyzing and categorizing information in the following way:
Tables lie in the core of any given database. Thanks to them, the possibility of redundancy is greatly
reduced. A database can consist of a number of different tables which enables the researcher to break
information down into smaller (and easier to analyse) pieces. Just like spread sheets, they consist of
rows (also called records) and columns (fields). By using records, researchers are able to combine

Description Of A Database Management System
Chris Velasquez
MGMT 329
Final Research Paper to Pass
A database is an organized collection of data. It is the collection of tables, queries, reports, viewings,
and other objects. The data are typically organized to model aspects of reality in a way that supports
processes requiring information, such as modelling the structure of a major business such as
Walmart, and all of its data including things like their inventory, customers, and their employees. A
database management system is a computer software application that interacts with the user, other
applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. A general purpose database
management system is designed to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and
administration of databases.The Database uses terms that are key for anyone to sift through the
collection of data that any company or business collects. terminology consists of keywords that will
help users select desired pieces of data. The primary key is a special relational database table
column of a collection of columns appointed to individually identify all table records. The primary
key's main features include: it cannot contain a unique value for each row of data, and it cannot
contain null values. The primary key is either an existing table column or a column that is explicitly
initiated by the database according to a defined sequence. The foreign key is a column or group of
columns in a relational database table that implements

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of A Database Management...
Under those circumstances on what really the definition of repository is and what it contains, the
report entitled Digital Repositories Review conducted by JISC (2005) emphasizes the definition of
repository as follows:
Content is deposited in a repository, whether by the content creator, owner or third party on their
behalf.
The repository architecture manages content as well as metadata
The repository offers a minimum set of basic services e.g. put, get, search, access control
The repository must be sustainable and trusted, well–supported and well–managed.
And yet, because of rapid advancement of technology and accessing data all over the world, the
question what really the repository is and what it contains are not constant and ... Show more
Microsoft Word
Obtain on–line help
However, regardless of the usefulness and advantages of Microsoft Access on building software
project, it has also its own disadvantages which some developers experienced before, during as well
as after using this database management system as being discussed on the web LearnItanytime.com
as shown below:
Finite – Microsoft Access is useful for individual departments or small–to–medium business sectors.
Any sector whose usage goes beyond 2 GB will hit a wall and discover limitations.
Structure Query Language (SQL) – SQL for MS Access is not as robust as MS SQL Server or
Oracle, to just name a few.
One file – All the information from your database is saved into one file. This limits options and how
you choose utilize data; slowing down reports, queries, and forms. Its performance becomes slow as
the user scales data size. Multimedia data can use up MS Access limited space quickly.
Static–Friendly – It's difficult to publish files a part from static files.
Multi–user limited – Technical limit is 255 concurrent users, but real world limit is 10 to 80
(depending on type of

Microsoft Sql Database Management System
Introduction and Methodology
Microsoft SQL Database Administrator Database plays a major role in any organization. As a
Database administrator(DBA) he/she is responsible in developing, implementing and maintaining
the databases and DBA 's are also responsible in updating, backup 's and security of the databases.
The first Database Management System was developed in the late 1960 's by two firms based on
their network data model but in the early 1970's a scientist of IBM introduced Relational database
theory after six years IBM completed prototype on RDBMS (relational database management
system). Oracle created the first versatile Relational Database Management Systems In 1983, which
allowed organizations to use their DBMS on different machines including mainframes,
workstations, and Pc 's. In 1993 Microsoft first created a database application called Access for
Macintosh machines. Microsoft SQL server is a RDBMS which is used to store and retrieve the data
by other software applications. There are 12 types of servers concentrated on various types of user 's
from single computer to large networks (Microsoft SQL DBA). I have pursued my under graduation
in Information Technology, during my course work I was more interested in databases and I have
developed special interest in making it as my career. I have learned basics of all database concepts
and I have attended extra tuitions and seminars to get in depth knowledge about it. In the last
semester of my master's program I

Relational Database Management System
SQL Server has a reputation of being the one of the most trusted relational database management
system as it provides great security, reliability, and scalability features. But it is also quite complex
and when the size of database grows, the response time required for a query also extends. To
overcome such situations, the administrators need to perform a smooth SQL tuning which will
ensure that SQL statements will run as fast as possible. There are different aspects related to the
program and many possible options to consider if you really want to tune a SQL Server platform.
Here are some tips which the database administrators can apply to make some small changes to tune
the SQL Server and minimize the response time required for every ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Example,
Query A takes 1 hour to process.
Query B takes 5 minutes to process.
Query A is non–urgent query eligible to nurse–availability.
Query B is urgent query eligible to nurse–availability.
As both queries are eligible to nurse–availability, then if the Query A is being processed and in the
meantime there is a request from Query B, then Query A will be paused and Query B will be
processed.
3. Check the Index usage quite often –
Sys.dm_db_index_operational_stats() DMF is quite underutilized tool which can provide a great
information about index usage. By using this DMF tool you may be able to gather all the vital
information required to determine which index is being used and which used to be used next. It will
even let you know various things like time elapsed for processes, latching and locking.
4. Rebuilt the index after SQL server update –
It is quite normal for a business to upgrade its SQL server platform from old to a newer one. But
sometimes this upgrade makes the performance of different queries changed. Earlier any query
which used to execute in 30 seconds would now will take 15 minutes. It happens because the query
execution plan is different in each SQL Server version. Furthermore, the sequence of table nested
loops/Inner Joins are also different. Since SQL server works in live environment, so amending the
queries is quite different.

Database Management Systems ( Dbms )

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