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Design Thinking
Module 2
William Oakes
Learning Objectives
ïź At the end of this session, you will be
able to:
1. Describe the SpeakAll EPICS Design
Case Study
2. Describe who IDEO is and why they are
recognized for design and innovation
3. Describe the shopping cart case study
4. Explain the benefits of failure in design
Case Study: Interactive,
Programmable Alternative
Augmentative Communication
(IPAAC)
IPAAC
‱ Interactions with Community
‱ Communications at all stages
Human-Centered Design
Also draw from: IDEO,
Stanford’s d-school
ïź Autism impairs
communication skills
ïź Using cards to enhance
communication
o Example project: PECS
~$50
ïź Use technology – complex
and expensive
o Example: DynaVox ~$7500
PECS
DynaVox
IPAAC
The Opportunity
ïźProfessor Wendt, Audiology and
Speech Science
o Researches Augmentative Communication
ïźTracy Holdman
o Teaches children with special needs at
West Lafayette Junior/Senior High School
(grades 7-12)
Primary Stakeholders (Partners)
IPAAC
Design Process
ïź Understanding the
need
o Students engaged
with groups of
students with autism
o Improved the
organization of
manual cards
o Learned the context
8
Goals of the Project
ïŻ Success Criteria
ïź Ability to accept touch
input
ïź Ability to playback voice
ïź Ability to store and recall
previously programmed
activities
ïź Ability to easily
transport device
IPAAC
Early Prototypes
ïźExplored electronic and card
combinations
ïźUsing miroco-processors and creating
a touch screen system
o Designing Hardware and
software
10
Possible Solutions
IPAAC
ïŻ Purchasing expensive AAC device with limited
functionality ($1000 - $8000+)
ïŻ Ex. Tango: $6899
ïŻ Ex. Dynavox Xpress: $5500
ïŻ Create custom device and software using
embedded digital design
ïŻ Create custom software to be run on a Tablet or
PC
ïŻ (Android, Windows, or Mac iOS based)
11
Custom Software Solutions
IPAAC
ïŻ Android Options
ïŻ Devices are too new or unreleased
ïŻ Small screens (5” to 7” diagonally), currently
unavailable for purchase, or poor product
reviews
ïŻ Windows Options
ïŻ Devices were too expensive ($1000+)
ïŻ Apple Options
ïŻ iPad: 9” screen, popular, online app support
Application Comparison
IPAAC
App Name
(Total Score)
Audio
Playback
(10)
Tap/Drag
Images
(5)
Resize
Images
(5)
Task
Oriented
(10)
Custom
Sheets
(15)
Variable
Target Age
(5)
Voice
Recording
(10)
Price
Tap to Talk
(20)
  $99.95
123 Writing
(10)
 Free
Alphababy
(20)
   $0.99
Going
Places
(20)
  $0.99
IPAAC
(60)
       Free
13
Our Solution
IPAAC
ïŻ FREE, customized iPad Application
14
IPAAC Features
IPAAC
‱ Flexibility to create custom activity sheets
15
Activity Mode
‱ AVToolbox
‱ Audio Foundation
‱ Audio playback
‱ UIButton
‱ Hidden unlock button
‱ UIImage
‱ Icon visual
representation
‱ Read access to database
‱ Navigation Controller
IPAAC
App Directory
16
Memory Management
IPAAC
SQL Database
‱ Images and audio
stored in IPAAC
directory
‱ Filenames stored
in SQL Database
‱ App loads
images/audio using
filename strings
Application Testing
ïźDevice testing and simulations
o Features were tested immediately after
implementation
o Possible to load prototype app on to iPad
ïźReceive feedback from Project Partner
o Watch for issues and usage not thought of
in initial design phase
17
IPAAC
SPEAKall! Advantages
ïź Light weight
ïź Smaller size
ïź No physical tiles
ïź Reduced cost
o ProxTalker = $3,850
(without tiles)
o SPEAKall! = $570
IPAAC
ProxTalker
SPEAKall!
ïźAvailable on the Apple
Store
o Download free version
ïźStart-up company
developed professional
version
o More features, available
for a fee
IPAAC
Available on App Store
o SPEAKall!
o BUYit!
o SPEAKone!
o MAKEit!
IPAAC
Questions/Discussion
Research Results: People and Technical
are Related
Technical: Design, Complexity,
Ambiguity
Interacting
with
People
Design
users,
team
members
Students
Need
Experience
s that
Integrate
People and
Technology
Novice
Expert
Traditional Education
Student -Engineer D
evelopm
ent
Learning by doing
Students learn by making mistakes,
reflecting and trying again
Promoting Iteration
ïźRepresentations promote feedback that
promotes negotiation and appropriate
iteration
o Visual – drawings, sketches, CAD
o Functional – mock up or prototype
o Intermediate or component
‱ Partial prototypes
ïźCommunity partners who do not have
the answers
o They know when they “see” it
Good design

ïź Good designs involve diverse perspectives
and expertise
ïź IDEO – industry leader in design and
innovation
o Design thinking is a crucial business asset—one
that can, indeed, move a company forward and
improve the bottom line. To optimize this impact,
(we) advise thoughtfully structuring the innovation
process. They stress working on projects that
improve people’s lives..
- Ryan Jacoby and Diego Rodriguez, Innovation, Growth, and Getting to
Where You Want to Go, Design Management Review Vol. 18 No. 1
Prototypes
ïźPrototyping
.rough, quick, very
iterative
o IDEO working with Gyrus ACMI to design
new apparatus for operating on delicate
nasal tissues
o Prototype:
http://cataligninnovation.blogspot.com/2008/11/prototyping-foundational-competency-of.html
Prototyping – Both Important
ïź Prototyping
.
o Communication
device
o Interaction and
teasting with users
ïź Prototyping

o Proof of technology
o Testing technology
http://cataligninnovation.blogspot.com/2008/11/prototyping-foundational-competency-of.html
IDEO
ïźIDEO company (www.ideo.com/ )
ïźIDEO Design Kit (
http://www.designkit.org/ )
ïźShopping Cart Video
o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M66ZU
2PCIcM
Questions/Discussion
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Design_slides Design_slides Design_slidesDesign_slides

  • 2. Learning Objectives ïź At the end of this session, you will be able to: 1. Describe the SpeakAll EPICS Design Case Study 2. Describe who IDEO is and why they are recognized for design and innovation 3. Describe the shopping cart case study 4. Explain the benefits of failure in design
  • 3. Case Study: Interactive, Programmable Alternative Augmentative Communication (IPAAC) IPAAC
  • 4. ‱ Interactions with Community ‱ Communications at all stages Human-Centered Design Also draw from: IDEO, Stanford’s d-school
  • 5. ïź Autism impairs communication skills ïź Using cards to enhance communication o Example project: PECS ~$50 ïź Use technology – complex and expensive o Example: DynaVox ~$7500 PECS DynaVox IPAAC The Opportunity
  • 6. ïźProfessor Wendt, Audiology and Speech Science o Researches Augmentative Communication ïźTracy Holdman o Teaches children with special needs at West Lafayette Junior/Senior High School (grades 7-12) Primary Stakeholders (Partners) IPAAC
  • 7. Design Process ïź Understanding the need o Students engaged with groups of students with autism o Improved the organization of manual cards o Learned the context
  • 8. 8 Goals of the Project ïŻ Success Criteria ïź Ability to accept touch input ïź Ability to playback voice ïź Ability to store and recall previously programmed activities ïź Ability to easily transport device IPAAC
  • 9. Early Prototypes ïźExplored electronic and card combinations ïźUsing miroco-processors and creating a touch screen system o Designing Hardware and software
  • 10. 10 Possible Solutions IPAAC ïŻ Purchasing expensive AAC device with limited functionality ($1000 - $8000+) ïŻ Ex. Tango: $6899 ïŻ Ex. Dynavox Xpress: $5500 ïŻ Create custom device and software using embedded digital design ïŻ Create custom software to be run on a Tablet or PC ïŻ (Android, Windows, or Mac iOS based)
  • 11. 11 Custom Software Solutions IPAAC ïŻ Android Options ïŻ Devices are too new or unreleased ïŻ Small screens (5” to 7” diagonally), currently unavailable for purchase, or poor product reviews ïŻ Windows Options ïŻ Devices were too expensive ($1000+) ïŻ Apple Options ïŻ iPad: 9” screen, popular, online app support
  • 12. Application Comparison IPAAC App Name (Total Score) Audio Playback (10) Tap/Drag Images (5) Resize Images (5) Task Oriented (10) Custom Sheets (15) Variable Target Age (5) Voice Recording (10) Price Tap to Talk (20)   $99.95 123 Writing (10)  Free Alphababy (20)    $0.99 Going Places (20)   $0.99 IPAAC (60)        Free
  • 13. 13 Our Solution IPAAC ïŻ FREE, customized iPad Application
  • 14. 14 IPAAC Features IPAAC ‱ Flexibility to create custom activity sheets
  • 15. 15 Activity Mode ‱ AVToolbox ‱ Audio Foundation ‱ Audio playback ‱ UIButton ‱ Hidden unlock button ‱ UIImage ‱ Icon visual representation ‱ Read access to database ‱ Navigation Controller IPAAC
  • 16. App Directory 16 Memory Management IPAAC SQL Database ‱ Images and audio stored in IPAAC directory ‱ Filenames stored in SQL Database ‱ App loads images/audio using filename strings
  • 17. Application Testing ïźDevice testing and simulations o Features were tested immediately after implementation o Possible to load prototype app on to iPad ïźReceive feedback from Project Partner o Watch for issues and usage not thought of in initial design phase 17 IPAAC
  • 18. SPEAKall! Advantages ïź Light weight ïź Smaller size ïź No physical tiles ïź Reduced cost o ProxTalker = $3,850 (without tiles) o SPEAKall! = $570 IPAAC ProxTalker
  • 19. SPEAKall! ïźAvailable on the Apple Store o Download free version ïźStart-up company developed professional version o More features, available for a fee IPAAC
  • 20. Available on App Store o SPEAKall! o BUYit! o SPEAKone! o MAKEit! IPAAC
  • 22. Research Results: People and Technical are Related Technical: Design, Complexity, Ambiguity Interacting with People Design users, team members Students Need Experience s that Integrate People and Technology Novice Expert Traditional Education Student -Engineer D evelopm ent
  • 23. Learning by doing Students learn by making mistakes, reflecting and trying again
  • 24. Promoting Iteration ïźRepresentations promote feedback that promotes negotiation and appropriate iteration o Visual – drawings, sketches, CAD o Functional – mock up or prototype o Intermediate or component ‱ Partial prototypes ïźCommunity partners who do not have the answers o They know when they “see” it
  • 25. Good design
 ïź Good designs involve diverse perspectives and expertise ïź IDEO – industry leader in design and innovation o Design thinking is a crucial business asset—one that can, indeed, move a company forward and improve the bottom line. To optimize this impact, (we) advise thoughtfully structuring the innovation process. They stress working on projects that improve people’s lives.. - Ryan Jacoby and Diego Rodriguez, Innovation, Growth, and Getting to Where You Want to Go, Design Management Review Vol. 18 No. 1
  • 26. Prototypes ïźPrototyping
.rough, quick, very iterative o IDEO working with Gyrus ACMI to design new apparatus for operating on delicate nasal tissues o Prototype: http://cataligninnovation.blogspot.com/2008/11/prototyping-foundational-competency-of.html
  • 27. Prototyping – Both Important ïź Prototyping
. o Communication device o Interaction and teasting with users ïź Prototyping
 o Proof of technology o Testing technology http://cataligninnovation.blogspot.com/2008/11/prototyping-foundational-competency-of.html
  • 28. IDEO ïźIDEO company (www.ideo.com/ ) ïźIDEO Design Kit ( http://www.designkit.org/ ) ïźShopping Cart Video o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M66ZU 2PCIcM

Editor's Notes

  • #5: DynaVox price from http://www.dynavoxtech.com/download.ashx?FileId=2&DocId=3e9cfbf8-b6d8-4099-acf6-24132e78f9d7 PECS image from http://specialedclassroom.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/Pic-ex.jpg
  • #19: Show how the app works. Go through create side. Make a new sheet. Name it, insert images, show how to import your own. Same with audio. Save file. Go through play side. Discuss selecting sentence sheet. Show how it works. Demo locked/unlocked screen.
  • #22: Two dimensional space 5 categories were hierarchical Two were distinct