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Before DevOps – Waterfall model
Waterfall model - Traditional development models
This model is similar to a waterfall
When the water flows off from the cliff, it
cannot go back to its previous state

Requirements
Design
Implementation
Verification
Maintenance
Waterfall model is the basic SDLC model

• It’s difficult to make changes to the previous
stage
• Not recommended for large-sized projects
• Developers and testers doesn't work together
(which can result in a lot of bugs at the end)
• Not recommended for projects where
requirements have a high risk of getting
changed
Requirements
Design
Implementation
Verification
Maintenance

Waterfall Model
Developer
Takes a very long
time for deploying
code
It’s difficult to identify and
give feedback on the
product
Operation

Before DevOps – Agile model
• Agile is an approach in software development where each project
is split into multiple iterations
• As a result, at the end of each iteration a software product is
delivered
DesignRequirements DesignRequirements DesignRequirements
…..
Iteration 1
Iteration 2
Iteration N

Before DevOps – Agile model
Agile Model
Developer
The code is working
on my system!
But, the same software
(code) isn’t working on
my system!
Operation
Agile

What’s in it for you?
 What is DevOps?
 Benefits of DevOps
 Lifecycle of DevOps
 Tools in DevOps
 Git
 Maven
 Selenium
 Jenkins
 Docker
 Ansible
 Nagios
Let’s see how DevOps can solve these problems?

DevOps over waterfall model
DevOps Model
Developer
Takes a very long
time for deploying
code
It’s difficult to identify and
give feedback on the
product
Operation
Better monitoring and
quick feedback can be
done through DevOps
continuous monitoring
tool
Continuous integration
results in quick
deployment of code

DevOps over Agile model
DevOps Model
Developer
The code is working
on my system!
But, the same
software (code) isn’t
working on my
system!
Operation
Agile
Iteration
Code works on my
system too!
Both developer and
operation team work
together

DevOps over Agile model
Planning A New
Website
Website ManagDevelopment Operation
Agile:
Problem Solution
Development Operation
DevOps:

What’s in it for you?
 What is DevOps?
 Benefits of DevOps
 Lifecycle of DevOps
 Tools in DevOps
 Git
 Maven
 Selenium
 Jenkins
 Docker
 Ansible
 Nagios

What is DevOps?
DevOps is a collaboration between development and operation teams which enables continuous delivery of
applications and services to our end users
Development Operation

Benefits of DevOps
Continuous delivery of
software

Benefits of DevOps
software
Better collaboration
between teams

Benefits of DevOps
software
between teams
Easy deployment

Benefits of DevOps
software
between teams
Easy deployment
Better efficiency and
scalability

Benefits of DevOps
software
between teams
Easy deployment
scalability Errors can be fixed at
initial stage

Benefits of DevOps
software
between teams
Easy deployment
initial stage
Better security

Benefits of DevOps
software
between teams
Easy deployment
initial stage
Better security
Less Manual
intervention (which
means less chances of
error)

Lifecycle in DevOps
Continuous
monitoring
Source code
management
Continuous
deployment
Software
released
Continuous build and
test

Tools in DevOps
Continuous build and
test
Continuous
monitoring
Source code
management
Continuous
deployment
Software
released

Why Git?
Before
Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4
Developers:
Challenges
• No collaboration
• Versions are not maintained
properly
• Time consuming
• In case the server crashes, there is
no chance of recovery
• No backup

Why Git?
After
Developers:
Solution
• Team collaboration
• Versions of software are
documented and maintained
accurately
• Saves time
• Easy to use
• Automatic backups
Task 2
Task 3 Task 4
Task 1

What is Git?
GitHub Remote Server
Developer 1 Developer 3Developer 2
Git is a distributed version control tool which is used for managing source code

What is Git?
Git is a distributed version control tool which is used for managing source code
It is used to track
changes in the source
code
It’s a software tool Multiple
developers can
work together
Supports non-linear
development

Architecture of Git
Working Directory Local RepositoryStaging Area Remote Repository
Local Remote

Architecture of Git
git add
Local Remote
add files to the
staging area

Architecture of Git
git add
git commit
Local Remote
add files to the
staging area
commit those files to the
local repository

Architecture of Git
git add
git commit
git push
Local Remote
add files to the
staging area
local repository
push the committed files to
the remote repository

Architecture of Git
git add
git commit
git push
git pull
Local Remote
add files to the
staging area
local repository
fetches all the changes from a
remote repository to a local
repository

Architecture of Git
git add
git commit
git push
git pull
git checkout
Local Remote
add files to the
staging area
create new branches and
switch to them when required
local repository
repository

Architecture of Git
git add
git commit
git push
git pull
git checkout
git merge
Local Remote
After you are done with the changes, you can merge
the new branches to the master branch
add files to the
staging area
create new branches and
switch to them when required
local repository
repository

Why Maven?
Before Maven
Task: Create a football game using Java

Why Maven?
Before Maven
Challenges
• For each project you need to keep adding a
set of Jars
• Even a minor mistake in the structure of
servlet doesn’t give the right output
• Building and deploying a project takes up a
lot of time

Why Maven?
After Maven
Solution
Maven has live templates in its central
repository. So, a user has to declare only the
dependencies that he requires
Maven will download and deploy the
dependencies with the application

What is Maven?
Maven is an automation tool which helps to build and manage software projects within a short period of time

What is Maven?
Maven is an automation tool which helps to build and manage software projects within a short period of time
Easy build processEasy to use Instant access to new
features with no
additional
configurations
Supports parallel
builds

Architecture of Maven
Pom file
Maven
commands are
executed in
pom file

Maven
commands are
executed in
pom file
POM (project object model) is
a XML file which consists
details of the project and
configuration in order to build
software
Pom file

Pom file
Maven
commands are
executed in
pom file
Checks the dependencies
Maven
local
repository
Fetches from

Pom file
Maven
commands are
executed in
pom file
Builds plugins

Builds profile
Pom file
Maven
commands are
executed in
pom file
Builds plugins
Software is built

Why Selenium?
Before Selenium
Sequential testing
This takes a lot of time!
Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4
Total Time = 4 Min 10 Seconds
50 Sec 2 Min40 Sec 1 Min

Why Selenium?
After Selenium Parallel testing
That was so fast!
Total Time = 2 Minutes
50 Sec
2 Min
40 Sec
1 Min
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3
Test 4

What is Selenium?
Selenium is an open source automation tool which is used for testing web applications. It is mainly used for regression
and functional testing

What is Selenium?
Selenium is an open source automation tool which is used for testing web applications. It is mainly used for regression
and functional testing
Supports parallel
test execution
High accuracy Allows scripting in
several languages
Fast execution

Architecture of Selenium
Browser drivers
HTTP
request
Web driver
API
Web driver
SPI
JSON wire protocol
HTTP
request
Web browsers
Selenium client
library
C#

Browser drivers
HTTP
request
Web driver
API
Web driver
SPI
JSON wire protocol
HTTP
request
Web browsers
Selenium client
library
C#
Selenium WebDriver
codes are build using
these client libraries

Selenium client
library
C#
Browser drivers
Web driver
SPI
JSON wire protocol
HTTP
request
Web browsers
WebDriver application
programming interface (API) is
used to automate web
application testing in a easier
way
HTTP
request
Web driver
API
Note: The commands are sent to SPI

HTTP
request
Web driver
API
Selenium client
library
C#
Browser drivers Web browsers
WebDriver service provider interface
(SPI) is immutable and stateless. It
sends the command to browser
drivers using JSON wire protocol
Web driver
SPI
JSON wire protocol
HTTP
request

Web driver
SPI
JSON wire protocol
HTTP
request
HTTP
request
Web driver
API
Selenium client
library
C#
Web browsers
The drivers manages the
communication between the
browsers and the JSON wire
protocol
Browser drivers
Note: Each web browser has its own driver on

Browser drivers
Web driver
SPI
JSON wire protocol
HTTP
request
HTTP
request
Web driver
API
Selenium client
library
C#
As soon the command is
received from the WebDriver,
the browser driver will execute
it on the respective web
browser
Web browsers

Why Jenkins?
Before Jenkins:
Developer
Developer
Source code
repository
Issues in
integration
Delay in
testing
Notify developer
Error
detected
Software
delivered
No error

Why Jenkins?
Before Jenkins:
Source code
repository
Issues in
integration
Delay in
testing
Notify developer
Error
detected
Software
delivered
No error
But what are the challenges here?
Developers had to wait till the
software was built for test
results
Developer
Developer

Developer
Developer
Why Jenkins?
Before Jenkins:
Source code
repository
Notify developer
Error
detected
Software
delivered
No error
But what are the challenges here?
Lack of continuous feedback
resulted in a lot time
consumption
Issues in
integration
Delay in
testing

Issues in
integration
Delay in
testing
Developer
Developer
Why Jenkins?
Before Jenkins:
Source code
repository
Notify developer
Error
detected
No error
But what are the challenges here?Delivery of software was
delayed
Software
delivered

Why Jenkins?
After Jenkins:
Developer
Developer
Source code
repository
Build Deploy
Error
detected
Test
Fetches
changes
Notify developer
Software
delivered
No error

What is Jenkins?
Jenkins is an open source continuous integration tool. It helps to automate continuous development, testing and
deployment of newly created codes

What is Jenkins?
Jenkins is an open source continuous integration tool. It helps to automate continuous development, testing and
deployment of newly created codes
It is easily distributed
across multiple
machines
Has multiple pluginsEasy installation and
configuration
Jenkins can be
extended via plugins

Architecture of Jenkins
Remote source code
repository

Remote source code
repository
Jenkins server master
Jenkins master pulls the code every time there
is a commit

Jenkins slave Jenkins slave Jenkins slave
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
Jenkins master distributes its
workload to all the slaves
Remote source code
repository
is a commit

Remote source code
repository
Jenkins slave Jenkins slave Jenkins slave
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
is a commit
On request from Jenkins
master, the slaves accept
tasks and produce test
reports
Test reports

Why Docker?
Before
Occupied memory
Wasted memory
5 GB
3 GB 2 GB
2 GB
1 GB
3 GB
Memory
8 GB
4 GB 4 GB
App 1 App 2 App 3
Lorem ipsum
In a virtual machine, only 10 GB of
memory is consumed whereas the
remaining 6 GB of unused memory
cannot be utilized again

Why Docker?
After
Occupied memory
Can be reused
memory
5 GB
3 GB 2 GB
2 GB
1 GB
3 GB
Memory
8 GB
4 GB 4 GB
App 1 App 2 App 3
With Docker, when 10 GB of memory is
used, the remaining 6 GB of memory can
be reused for a new container
Lorem ipsum

What is Docker?
Docker is an OS-level virtualization software platform that enables developers and IT administrators to create, deploy
and run applications in a Docker Container with all their dependencies
Docker Engine
Host OS
Infrastructure
App A
Bins/Libs
App C
Bins/Libs
Docker Container
1
App B
Bins/Libs
Docker Container
2
Docker Container
3
Note: Docker Container is an executable package of application and its dependencies together

What is Docker?
Docker is an OS-level virtualization software platform that enables developers and IT administrators to create, deploy
and run applications in a Docker Container with all their dependencies
Isolated applicationsShort boot-up uptimeHigh scalability
and efficiency
Reusable data
volumes

Architecture of Docker
Docker Client
Docker Host
Docker Daemon
Docker Registry
ImagesContainer
Container
REST API
Server
Client
Docker CLI
Docker Daemon
REST API
Docker Engine
Docker Toolbox

Docker Host
Docker Daemon
Docker Registry
ImagesContainer
Container
REST API
Server
Client
Docker CLI
Docker Daemon
REST API
Docker Engine
Docker Toolbox
Docker Client issues
commands to the Docker
Daemon
Docker Client

Docker Host
Docker Registry
ImagesContainer
Container
REST API
Server
Client
Docker CLI
Docker Daemon
REST API
Docker Engine
Docker Toolbox
Docker Client
Docker Daemon
Docker Daemon is a server
which interacts with the
operating system and
performs all kind of tasks
given by Docker client

Docker Host
Docker Registry
Container
Container
REST API
Server
Client
Docker CLI
Docker Daemon
REST API
Docker Engine
Docker Toolbox
Docker Client
Docker DaemonDocker Images is a set of
instructions that is used for
creating Docker containers
Images

Docker Host
Docker Registry
REST API
Server
Client
Docker CLI
Docker Daemon
REST API
Docker Engine
Docker Toolbox
Docker Client
Docker Daemon
Images
Docker container is a
lightweight software package
that includes all the
dependencies to run an
application Container
Container

Docker Host
REST API
Server
Client
Docker CLI
Docker Daemon
REST API
Docker Engine
Docker Toolbox
Docker Client
Docker Daemon
ImagesContainer
Container
Docker Registry
Docker Registry is a service
to host and distribute Docker
Images among users

Why Ansible?
Task: Install Tomcat on all the 3 web servers and Redis on the 2 database servers
This work is a piece of
cake for me!
Before Ansible:

Why Ansible?
This process will take a
lot of time for me!!
…..
…
Before Ansible:

Why Ansible?
With Ansible, a code is written
once for the installation and
deployed multiple times
…..
…
After Ansible:

What is Ansible?
Ansible is a configuration management tool where applications are deployed automatically on a variety of environments

What is Ansible?
Ansible is a configuration management tool where applications are deployed automatically on a variety of environments
Uses SSH for secure
connections
Agentless
tool
Push based
configuration tool
Maintains consistency
of a product’s
performance
X

Architecture of Ansible
Ansible Management
Node
InventoryModule
Playbooks
SSH
SSH
SSH
Node 1
Node 2
Node 3

Ansible Management
Node
Inventory
Playbooks
SSH
SSH
SSH
Node 1
Node 2
Node 3
Module
Module is a collection of
configuration code files

Ansible Management
Node
InventoryModule
SSH
SSH
SSH
Node 1
Node 2
Node 3
Playbooks
Playbooks are used for
configuration of multiple
servers

Ansible Management
Node
Module
Playbooks
SSH
SSH
SSH
Node 1
Node 2
Node 3
Inventory is a document that
groups the nodes
Inventory

Ansible Management
Node
InventoryModule
Playbooks
Node 1
Node 2
Node 3
SSH
SSH
SSH
For secure connection, Ansible
node connects to other nodes
through SSH

Why Nagios?
Why is the service not working?
Before Nagios

Why Nagios?
Before Nagios
Why is the service not working!!
Challenges
100%
94%
SERVER
USAGE
MEMORY
USAGE
percentage

Why Nagios?
Before Nagios
I wish someone could have notified
me about these problems
beforehand
Challenges
100%
94%
SERVER
USAGE
MEMORY
USAGE
percentage

Why Nagios?
After Nagios
This helps a lot!
Solution
Email notification:
Your memory is
almost full. Free
up some space

What is Nagios?
Nagios is an open source tool which is used to monitor systems, servers, networks and infrastructure

What is Nagios?
Nagios is an open source tool which is used to monitor systems, servers, networks and infrastructure
Problem remediationComprehensive
monitoring
High availabilityEasy to use

What is Nagios?
Server Storage
Nagios
System
Checks for the status

What is Nagios?
Server Storage
Nagios
Visualization
System
Stores the data

What is Nagios?
Server Storage
Nagios
Visualization
System
Alerts
Or creates
alerts
Stores the data

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