Dynamic RWX ACM Model Optimizing the Risk on Real Time Unix File System

TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering
Vol. 13, No. 2, February 2015, pp. 387 ~ 398
DOI: 10.11591/telkomnika.v13i2.7059  387
Received November 19, 2014; Revised January 5, 2015; Accepted January 23, 2015
Dynamic RWX ACM Model Optimizing the Risk on Real
Time Unix File System
P. K. Patra, P. L. Pradhan*
Dept. of CSE Central Institute of Technology, CSVTU, Raipur, CG, India
*Corresponding author, e-mail: citrprcs@rediffmail.com.
Abstract
The preventive control is one of the well advance controls for recent security for protection of data
and services from the uncertainty. Because, increasing the importance of business, communication
technologies and growing the external risk is a very common phenomenon now-a-days. The system
security risks put forward to the management focus on IT infrastructure (OS). The top management has to
decide whether to accept expected losses or to invest into technical security mechanisms in order to
minimize the frequency of attacks, thefts as well as uncertainty. This work contributes to the development
of an optimization model that aims to determine the optimal cost to be invested into security mechanisms
deciding on the measure component of UFS attribute. Our model should be design in such way, the Read,
Write & Execute automatically Protected, Detected and Corrected on RTOS. We have to optimize the
system attacks and down time by implementing RWX ACM mechanism based on semi-group structure,
mean while improving the throughput of the Business, Resources & Technology.
Keyword: read write execute, Unix file system, access control mechanism, preventive detect corrective
control, risk mitigation, real time operating system
Copyright © 2015 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
The real time operating system is a collection of hardware, software & application
that manages system resources and provides common services for resources, program,
application & users. The operating system is an essential component of the system software
(shell, file & kernel) in computer system. The high level language (application programs) usually
requires an operating system to function. The time-sharing operating systems schedule &
reschedule tasks for efficient use of the internal utilities that may also include auditing system
software for resource & cost allocation of processor and memory time, mass storage, printing
and other resources [4-5].
There are various kinds of preventive control available and implemented on operating
system to protect our IT assets for external & internal hacker. The PDC model & Mechanism
traditionally prevent the core components of OS. The processor & memory is the core
component of any type’s operating system. The processor and kernel is fully functional
dependency on each others, but file and shell is the communication components of the OS. We
can improve the performance of OS by updating the kernel time to time. Kernel is the Nucleus of
the operating system [6-7].
Architecture of the Operating System:
Figure 1. Internal Structure of RTOS

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TELKOMNIKA Vol. 13, No. 2, February 2015 : 387 – 398
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The operating System control is a step by step process of securely configuring a system
to protect it against unauthorized access, mean while taking steps to make the system more
reliable. Generally anything that is done in the name of system. Preventive control ensures the
system is secure, reliable and high available for high IT culture. Operating system control is the
process to address security weaknesses in operation systems by implementing the latest OS
patches, hot fixes and updates and required management procedures and policies are apply to
reduce attacks and system down time men while increase the throughput of the system.
Preventive control of the operating systems is the first step towards safeguarding systems from
intrusion. The workstations, applications, network and servers typically arrive from the vendor,
installed with a multitude of development tools and utilities, which although beneficial to the
user, also provide potential back-door access to the systems [8-10].
2. Existing Control for the Risk Optimization
2.1. Preventive Controls [6-7], [10]
Preventive controls are implemented to stop the loss related to a risk from occurring
when the risk situation presents itself, the preventive control kicks in and prevent the loss.
Preventive techniques are the most complete form of stop loss control, because the loss is
prevented by their nature. There are costs associated with preventive control that must be
considered to get the full picture of the impact to the business. Prevention can mean the
continuous close examination of each case, performing on analysis for the risk condition and
stopping the risk whenever it is identified. This can be more expensive way to control than
simply enabling the process to perform, identifying errant exceptions after they have occurred
and taking them out of the process stream for corrective action in due course of time. While
attempting to prevent errors whenever it is cost effective to do so, many production lines in the
manufacturing sector also use detective technique to weed out errors, which is a more cost
effective way of dealing with all of the possible permutations of error conditions that may exist in
the process. The alternative of building preventative controls for each scenario would be cost
prohibitive. The monitoring & management of the preventive controls also will need to be
considered when determining what is best for the business.
2.2. Detective Controls [6-7], [10]
Detective controls are used in situations where it is more important to understand that
some things have happened that it was to prevent from happening. In some cases, a detective
control will ensure that a desirable event did indeed occur, providing feedback that the process
is working as intended. Evaluation of the detective controls require proving that the detection
occurs with a high degree of accuracy and reliability. When it is important to detect that an
action has occurred, it will be equally important to rely on the control to not miss any valid
occurrences where that detection should be taking place and to flag only those valid
occurrences of predefined interest. To assess these controls, we will need to understand the
trigger event and the mechanism used to identify it. The risks associated with detective control
are the risk of not knowing a situation or event has occurred .If this failure to detect happens
regularly, the control cannot be assessed as defective. When evaluating the cost-benefit for this
control type, we must review what happens to the process if the events or situation is not
detected and then assess the costs of this scenario against the cost of developing,
implementing and maintaining the control. All system based logs automated generate on the
development & production server.
2.3. Corrective Controls [6-7], [10]
A corrective control fixes errant situations or events as they are identified. It assumes
some amount of detection is inherent in its mission of fixing out-of-bonds conditions. These
controls are useful when simple corrections are easily found and fixed a process without lot of
risk and complexity. The risk of not finding and fixing these items must be considered when
assessing the total cost and benefit of such a control. It will need to be determined that
corrective actions are possible and performed accurately to the satisfaction of the process in
order to draw conclusions that these kinds of controls are effective. Determining what is
acceptable in terms of corrective actions will be part of this process. Those situations that are
not caught and fixed that do not require attention will need to be identified and examined for

TELKOMNIKA ISSN: 2302-4046 
Dynamic RWX ACM Model Optimizing the Risk on Real Time Unix File System (P. K. Patra)
389
false positive and false negative implications. Comparing this control to one that prevented the
need for correction in the first place may be valid assessment when evaluating whether the right
kinds of controls are employed to mitigate risk in a process. The cost to fix along with cost to
identified or cost to prevent all will now need to be part of the cost benefit analysis. The PC, DC,
CC & High Availability are a great services to data & services all the time in around the globe.
Figure 2. PDC Preventing Data & Services
3. Data Collection Based on Existing Control (RTOS DATA)
There are number of preventive control methods design and developed as per
requirement of the secure computing to achieve the desired level of organization objective.
There are few methods developed based on UNIX server and system programming. The
preventive control is inversely proportional to the Risk [4-5], [8-9].
Table 1. Sample of RTOS UFS Data Collection
SN SYSTEM FILES ACTION PLAN REMARKS
1 /etc/system Can be update the kernel & n-bit processor Can be improve the
system performance
KERNEL
2 /etc/hosts Develop the scripts: allow/disallow as per policy, chimed
000= /etc/nnn-mark disallow
Preventative control
[ H, M, L ]
Can be improve the
system security
3 /etc/services Disable the third parties services. Remove the ftp, http,
telnet, port no, printer, IP services. Those services are
not required.
preventative control
[ H, M, L ] Can be
improve the system
security
4 /use/bin/rash,
etc/pam.conf
Disable all remote services: chmod 000 /usr/bin/rsh, rksh,
rcp, ipcs, ruser, rlogin, uptime.
Preventative control
SHELL
5 /vary/dam/message Date & time stamp ( DC: event mgmt) Internal audit purpose
Detective control
6 /etc/rc.conf script Run level script
Run level script have to develop as per requirement.
/etc/init.conf,rc2.d example: httpd_flags="NO"
[ H, M, L ]
7 /etc/init.conf OS services, run level Preventative control
8 etc/ssh/sshd_config
CKM file system
Automated Control
Cryptography enable through ssh implementation
AES: 256 bits chipper
aes256-chr.ssh-key gen -b 1024 -f /etc/ssh_host_key -
n '' chmod - - - /etc/ssh/ssh_config
n=1024, 2048, 4096
chimed r w x (i. e. 4 2 1 )
– blank is nothing
[ H, M, L ]

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4. Existing in UFS Problem
As per above data collection, the automated control (PDC) is not available of the recent
RTOS. There is great risk on the corrective action & reaction on file system, application &
resources on this current security age. The multiple Relation, Function, Operation and Services
is happening over a multiple clients, business, application and resources on a complex
heterogeneous IT infrastructure for all the time & every time. Therefore, resource conflicts are
the biggest issue over a complex network, platform and user application.
5. Proposed Dynamic RWX ACM Model for Risk Optimization
This paper contributes to the define and development of an optimal model that our
objective to determine the minimal cost, quality & time to be invested into the risk assessment
and management on the measure components of Unix file system attributes (Read, Write &
Execute). That’s why we are calling as it RWX model for system based risk analysis.
Furthermore, this mechanism optimize the cost, time & resources is supposed to reduce the
system attack, down time and vulnerabilities. We have to optimize the technology & resource
cost and maximizes the business (throughput). We have to protect our data and services to over
a multiple business, resources & technology on all the time (24 x 7 x 52).
Figure 3. Technology, Business & Resources Preventing Data & Services
We have to implement our idea based on the SEMIGROUP (isomorphism graph)
theory, how the operating system optimizing as per our business requirement. Our objective is
that maximize our business (throughput) and minimizes our technology & resources cost and
time.
5.1. Define
We have to design & develop this optimization method based on Semi group. Like a
semi group is a set with a binary operation but there is no requirement for an inverse function or
an identity elements. In order to be a semi group, a set of objects plus an operation, must obey
the following axioms. A semi group is important when we are looking at cosets.For all r, w, x €
S, the equation ( r. w ) . x = r . (w. x) holds. For all p, d, c € S, the equation ( p . d ) . c = p . (d .
c) holds [1-3].
PDC:
Associative Low: (P U D) U C = P U ( D U C), (P ∩ D) ∩ C = P ∩ ( D ∩ C)
Distributive Low: P U (D ∩ C) = (P U D) ∩ (P U C), P ∩ (D U C) = (P ∩ D) U (P ∩ C)
RWX:
Associative Low: (R U W) U X = R U ( W U X) , (R ∩ W) ∩ X = R ∩ ( W ∩ X)
Distributive Low: R U (W ∩ X) = (R U W ) ∩ (R U X), R ∩ (W U X) = (R ∩ W) U (R ∩ X)
Let us consider R={P, D, C} & M={R, W, X ). It is easy to verify that the following
operation tables give Semi Group Structures for R & M respectively.

391
We have to maintain the sequence as follows: 1st
we have take care of the Prevent, 2nd
Detect, then Correct. These three parameters should be satisfied according to our data &
services for better performance & high security.
The High Availability is Risk Mitigation. [K=PC+DC+CC ]. We can optimize the risk
factor by help of these six elements. All these sixe elements depend on each others.
Availabilities is the main concern among the all of them.
As per business & resource management the PDC & RWX Model and Mechanism are
very well suited for multiple RFOS & Technology in around the globe on 24 x 7 x 52 pattern.
5.2. Design
This isomorphism sets of elements are equally satisfying to the transitive, union of,
associative, distributive & composition and Sum of all for the Risk Mitigation. We are proposing
this idea based on directed graph theory as follows. We have to design and develop the security
& reliability policy for our complex IT infrastructure. We have to find out the best solution to
applying step by step of algorithm, method, model & mechanism. We have to draw two identical
directed graph one for PDC & another for RWX. The both of these two directed graph working
for high availability on 24 x 7 x 52 pattern in around the security world as follows [1-3].
Figure 4. (a) [PDC] Figure 4. (b) [RWX]
We can find the composition of the table as follow:
Table 2. (a) [ PDCA ] Table 2. (b) [ RWXA ]
X P C D A X R W X H
P P C D A R R W X H
C C P A D W W R H X
D D A P C X X H R W
A A D C P H H X W R
Associative law: Multiplication is associative in G, since associative law holds in case of
matrix multiplication: (PC) D = P (CD) Where A= Availability, H= High Availability. Let us onsider
R={P,D,C} & M={R, W, X). It is easy to verify that the following operation table gives Semi
Group Structures for R & M respectively. AN ISOMORPHISM GRAPH in Between M & R, f(p) =
1, f(d) = 6, f(c) = 8,f(a) = 3, f(c) = 5, f(i) = 2, f(a.t) = 4, f(h) =7.

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Figure 5(a) Figure 5(b)
5.3. Development (Function)
We have to move forward to finding alternate solution and algorithm for risk optimization
on semi-group method. This scalable complex semi group method definitely will be solve our
risk and security issue on complex real time system for multiple client application, business and
resources available for multi- location on any time around the clock. We have to optimize the
RTOS step by step as follows:
Table 3. [ DPC ->RWX ] Model-1.a Prevention on Write Access DCP Verses RWX
* D C P * R W X
D D C P R X R i
C C P D W R X
P P D C X S X R
Now write access is preventive stage. Prevention is better than cure.
Diagonal view (P-P-P=W-W-W) BUSINESS OWNER et us consider that: f(D)=W,
f(C)=R, f(P)=X.
Now, replacing the function in R by their images and rearranging the tables, we obtain
exactly the table for M. Thus R & M are Isomorphic. Therefore, this model is called“ SEMI-
GROUP as well as ISOMORPHIC MODEL ON SYSTEM SECURITY FOR RISK
OPTIMIZATION”. Then we can move forwards to the NEXT OPTIMIZED LEVEL as follows.
Table 4. [ PDC ->RWX ] Model-1.b Detection on Write Access PDC Verses RWX
* P D C * R W X
P C P X X R IS
D P M C W R X
C D C P R S X R
OPTIMIZED LEVEL NOW WRITE ACCESS IS DETECTIVE STAGE,
Diagonal view (D-D-D=W-W-W) BUSINESS OWNER
D W
P
P
P W
W
W
D
D
W
W

393
Table 5. [ DPC ->RWX ] Model-1.c Correction on Write Access DCP Verses RWX
* D C P * R W X
D P D C X X R S
C D E P W R X
P C P D R I X R
NOW WRITE ACCESS IS CORRECTIVE STAGE. Diagonal view (C-C-C=W-W-W)
BUSINESS OWNER
Figure 6. Write Activities
This graphical representation show that, WRITE ACCESS is prevented, detected and
corrected automatically.
Table 6. [ DCP ->RXW ] Model 2.a PREVENTION ON EXECUTE ACCESS DCP Verses RXW
* D C P * R W X
D D C R W R
C C P D X R W
P D C W W R
NOW EXECUTE ACCESS IS PREVENTIVE STAGE (ANY BODY, ANY WHERE &
ANY TIME
PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE. Diagonal view (P-P-P=X-X-X) OTHER.
P
P
P
X
X
W
C I
C
C
W
W
X

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Table 7. [ PDC ->RXW ] Model:2.b DETECTION ON AUTHENTICATION PDC Verses RXW
* P D C * R W X
P C P R I R
D P C X R S W
C C P W W R
OPTIMIZED LEVEL, NOW EXECUTE ACCESS IS
DETECTIVE STAGE. Diagonal view (D-D-D=X-X-X) OTHER.
Table 8. [ DCP ->RXW ] Model: 2.c CORRECTION ON AILABILITY DCP verses RXW
* D C P * R W X
D P D R W R
C D P X C CC I
P P D W i C
NOW EXECUTE ACCESS IS CORRECTIVE STAGE, Diagonal view (C-C-C=X-X-X) OTHER
Figure 7. Execute Activities
This graphical representation show that, EXECUTE ACCESS is prevented, detected
and corrected on the objects in automated way.
Table 9. [ DCP ->WRX ] Model:3.a PREVENTION ON READ ACCESS DCP Verses WRX
* D C P * W R X
D D C W X W K
C C D R W X
P D C X X W
NOW READ ACCESS IS PREVENTIVE STAGE. PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN
CURE.
Diagonal view (P-P-P=R-R-R) BUSINESS OWNER
P
P
P
R
R
R
X
D
D
D
X
X
X
X
C
C
C
X
X

395
Table 10. [ PDC ->WRX ] Model:3.b DETECTION MATRIX ON READ ACCES PDC Verses
WRX
* P D C * W R X
P C P W X W K
D P C R W X
C C P X X W
OPTIMIZED LEVEL DETECTING THE READ ACCESS .
Diagonal view (D-D-D=R-R-R) BUSINESS OWNER
Table 11. [ DCP->WRX ] Model: 3.c CORRECTION THE CONFIDENTIALITY DCP Verses
WRX
* D C P * W R X
D P D W X W K
C D P R W X
P P D X X W
NOW READ ACCESS IS CORRECTIVE STAGE Diagonal view (C-C-C=R-R-R) BUSINESS
OWNER
Figure 8. Read Activities
This graphical representation shows that, READ is prevented, detected and corrected
automatically. This is the dynamic life cycle of PDC & RWX based on the semi-group,
isomorphic & directed graph theory. When RWX optimization technique applied on OS, the
space & time complexity of Processor, Memory and users details can be detected by OS
system parameters is already defined in existing risk assessment method on file system (
/var/adm/messages), then we can fix up the unix file system (UFS) as per availability of
technology, resources and business requirement. In this way we can dynamically optimize our
technology & business risk.
We can conclude that from the above optimization model the operating system
components are the shell, file, processor, memory & encryption key have to take highest
priorities of the Preventive, Detective and Corrective, action plan, which is shown in the model
1, 2 & 3 respectively. In this way, we can improve the performance & security of the high end
READ, WRITE and EXECUTE attributes for the technology, business & resources. The
preventive control will be facilitate and resolve the various issue when it spans several jobs and
applications are running simultaneously under heterogeneous complex based web
D
D
D
R
R
C
C
C
R
R
R
R

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396
infrastructure (B2B, B2C, P2P, G2G ) in around the web world. These above optimization
models will be very helpful for Instruction level parallelism for high end computing. We hope this
theoretical and experimental idea will be very much help to the parallel computing environment
to optimize the operating system software risk. We can improve our risk optimization model
that, which will be help to the risk management on operating system.
5.4. Brief Summary of the Dynamic RWX ACM Model
Table 12. Life Cycle of PDC & RWX Operation
MODEL STAGE DESCRIPTION ACTION PLAN
Model-
1.a
Model-
1.b
Model-
1.c
1
st
Round: on
Write Access
Diagonal view (P-P-P=W-W-
W)
Diagonal view (D-D-D=W-
W-W)
Diagonal view (C-C-C=W-
W-W)
Preventive Control on Write Access
Detective Control on Write Access
Corrective control on Write Access
Model-
2.a
Model-
2.b
Model-
2.c
2
nd
Round: Execute
Access
Diagonal view (P-P-P-X-X-
X)
Diagonal view (D-D-D= X-X-
X)
Diagonal view (C-C-C= X-X-
X)
Preventive Control on Execute Access
Detective Control on Execute Access
Corrective control on Execute Access
Model-
3.a
Model-
3.b
Model-
3.c
3
rd
Round:
Read Access
Diagonal view (P-P-P=R-R-
R)
Diagonal view(D-D-D=R-R-
R))
Diagonal view(C-C-C- R-R-
R)
Preventive Control on Read Access
Detective Control on Read Access Corrective
Control on Read Access
Model-
1.c
Model-
2.c
Model-
3.c
Automated Corrective
Control
Diagonal view (C-C-C-W-W-
W)
Diagonal view (C-C-C-X-X-
X)
Diagonal view(C-C-C-R-R-
R)
Corrective control on Write Access
Corrective control on Executive Access
Corrective control on Read Access
5.5. Deployment: (Test, Verification, Results & Services) Practical Implact Analysis on
RWX ACM Model
We have to verify & validated the operating system integrity, high availability, reliability,
scalability, reliability of Read, Write & Execute Access over a UFS on RTOS. We have to
protect, Detect and Correct the UFS per business, resource requirement and availability of
technology. We have to apply some review method on internal UNIX operating system on super
user mode. This table(3) is the part of benchmarking, performance analysis and risk
assessment of real time operating system over a complex web portal application on large scale
RTOS.
Table 13. Verification of RTOS [8], [9]
SN INPUT ( Subject )
How to do ?
DESCRIPTIONS ACTION PLAN
What to do?
Risk Assessment OUTPUT (Object)
What happen & When ??
01 /var/adm/message System mesg ( event mgmt ) DC Date & time stamp
SECONDARY RISK ASSESSMENT
02 /var/adm/syslog syslog system logs Detective control, Accountability & Authentication
03 /var/adm/sulog super user log Detective control, Accountability & Authentication
04 /var/adm/loginlog user login log Detective control, Accountability & Authentication
05 etc/ssh/sshd_config AES, CKM Key mgmt Run the scripts: Preventive control

397
6. Results (Services) [Efficient Resource Management]
The subject and object can able to mapping, synchronize and optimize through real
time operating system. This virtual programming utilities and application will be more
measurable and accountable for performance, fault tolerance, throughput, bench marking and
risk assessment on any application over a complex IT infrastructure. How is behaving the
(MIMD) UNIX server along with its sub components, when we are running on the different
processor, memory & encryption key on the same programming & application or reverse way?
The iostat, vmstat and pmstat commands will be give the full detail output statistics of processor
and memory on real time operating system. The primary risk can be analysis on right time and
right way. The /var/adm/message scripts will be give the output statistics of hardware and
software problem of real time event management system including date and time stamp on unix
machine. We can verify and validate the access control mechanism (ACM) by help of these
scripts, which is already mentioned on table 13. (/var/adm/sulog, syslog, login log).
a) How is the system behaving, when millions of users accessing the same piece of
data & information in around the clock ( high availability, scalability and reliability).
In this ways, we can improve the ACM, performance, benchmarking, fault tolerance
and risk assessment at a time to utilizing the above scripts and virtualization
concept, which is help to our business, technology and society in around the globe.
b) Maximize the protection, detection & correction ( PDC ) at optimal cost and time.
c) Maximize the performance, reliability, high availability at optimal cost (TQM ).
d) Maximum utilization of resources at minimal cost at right time in right way.
7. Conclusion
This dynamic RWX is a one of the best preventive control, which is providing
accountability for individuals who are accessing sensitive information on shell, file system &
kernel. The accountabilities is accomplished through access control mechanisms (ACM) that
require identification, authentication, authorization, accountability, non-repudiation, availability,
reliability & integrity through the audit function on various file system. The large scale
optimization can be done in this way to protect, detect & correct the RWX model for efficient
resource management in a dynamic way of the web application over a RTOS. A sound
information security policy identifies prevention, detection, and response measures on various
components of system security. This above model provides more details on risk assessment
tools and practices that may be used to improve information security programs. The preventive
measures may include regularly using vulnerability assessment tools and conducting periodic
penetration analyses. Intrusion detection tools can be effective in detecting potential intrusions
or system misuse. Our research & development should also develop a response. By reading
through this paper and utilizing the model & mechanism for preventive, detective and corrective
action plan of the organization is a great benefits. The security programmer & administrator
now have a base knowledge of security, server hardening, intrusion detection, auditing and
security tools. This knowledge can be directly applied to their servers and many vulnerable
holes will now be filled. Therefore, it is critical that every unix security-minded programmer
maintains their knowledge of security by researching and referring to the Internet resources that
have been mentioned in survey data collection. If there is ever a question about updating &
implementation of any of the suggested features, refer to the OS server security manuals that
were designated with the specified feature (all features have been research, design, developed
& documented).
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[2] Edgar G. Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory. New Delhi, India: Person India (PHI). 2007.
[3] Joe L Matt. Discrete Mathematics for Scientist and Mathematician. New Delhi, India: Person
Education India (PHI). 2008.
[4] Hwang, Kai. Advance Computer Architecture. New Delhi, India: Tata McGraw Hill. 2008
[5] O’ Reilly. Essential of System Administration. O’ Reilly Media: USA. 1995.
[6] Shon, Harrish. CISSP Exam study guide, New Delhi, India: Dreamtech. 2002
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[8] Sumitabh Das. UNIX System V UNIX Concept & Application. Delhi, India: Tata McGraw Hill.2009.
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