Exception handling in python and how to handle its6901412
The document covers Python exception handling, explaining how exceptions disrupt the normal flow of a program and how to handle them using try-except blocks. It details various structures such as handling multiple exceptions and the use of finally and else clauses, alongside examples. Additionally, it discusses raising exceptions and creating user-defined exceptions for more specific error handling.
The document discusses Python exception handling. It defines what exceptions are, how to handle exceptions using try and except blocks, and how to raise user-defined exceptions. Some key points:
- Exceptions are errors that disrupt normal program flow. The try block allows running code that may raise exceptions. Except blocks define how to handle specific exceptions.
- Exceptions can be raised manually using raise. User-defined exceptions can be created by subclassing built-in exceptions.
- Finally blocks contain cleanup code that always runs whether an exception occurred or not.
- Except blocks can target specific exceptions or use a generic except to handle any exception. Exception arguments provide additional error information.
This document explains Python exception handling, detailing what exceptions are, how to use try-except blocks to manage them, and the syntax involved. It covers handling multiple exceptions, using finally and else clauses, and defining user-created exceptions through class inheritance. Examples illustrate how to raise exceptions and capture specific error information in custom exception classes.
This document discusses exceptions in Python programming. It defines an exception as an event that disrupts normal program flow, such as a runtime error. The document explains how to handle exceptions using try and except blocks. Code is provided to demonstrate catching specific exception types, catching all exceptions, and raising new exceptions. Finally, it notes that exceptions can provide additional error details through arguments.
Python provides exception handling to deal with errors during program execution. There are several key aspects of exception handling in Python:
- try and except blocks allow code to execute normally or handle any raised exceptions. except blocks can target specific exception types or be general.
- Standard exceptions like IOError are predefined in Python. Developers can also define custom exception classes by inheriting from built-in exceptions.
- Exceptions have an optional error message or argument that provides more context about the problem. Variables in except blocks receive exception arguments.
- The raise statement intentionally triggers an exception, while finally blocks ensure code is always executed regardless of exceptions.
The document discusses exceptions in Python. It defines exceptions as events that disrupt normal program flow, and explains that Python scripts must either handle exceptions or terminate. It provides examples of different exception types, and describes how to handle exceptions using try and except blocks. Code in the try block may raise exceptions, which are then handled by corresponding except blocks. Finally, an else block can contain code that runs if no exceptions occur.
This document discusses exceptions in Python programming. It defines an exception as a condition that disrupts normal program flow. Exceptions can be handled using try/except blocks to specify code for normal and error conditions. Common built-in exceptions include ZeroDivisionError, NameError, ValueError and IOError. The document demonstrates how to catch specific or multiple exceptions, use try/finally to guarantee code execution, raise exceptions manually, and define custom exception classes.
An exception is an error condition or unexpected behavior encountered during program execution. Exceptions are handled using try, catch, and finally blocks. The try block contains code that might throw an exception, the catch block handles the exception if it occurs, and the finally block contains cleanup code that always executes. Common .NET exception classes include ArgumentException, NullReferenceException, and IndexOutOfRangeException. Exceptions provide a standard way to handle runtime errors in programs and allow the programmer to define specific behavior in error cases.
The document provides an overview of exception handling in programming, explaining what exceptions are, their types (checked and unchecked), and how to handle them using try-catch blocks in Java. It includes examples of both types of exceptions and demonstrates the use of keywords like try, catch, throw, and finally. Additionally, it outlines the importance of managing exceptions to maintain the normal flow of the program.
The document discusses exceptions in Java including:
1) How to throw and catch exceptions including ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.
2) How to re-throw exceptions and use chained exceptions.
3) The throws keyword and how it is used to declare exceptions a method may throw.
4) The finally block and how it is used to ensure code is executed after a try/catch block.
5) How to create custom/user-defined exceptions by extending the Exception class.
An exception is an error that disrupts normal program flow. Python handles exceptions by using try and except blocks. Code that may cause an exception is placed in a try block. Corresponding except blocks handle specific exception types. A finally block always executes before the try statement returns and is used to ensure cleanup. Multiple exceptions can be handled in one except block. Exceptions can also be manually raised using the raise keyword.
Exception handling in programming refers to managing unexpected situations or errors that occur during execution, which, if unhandled, can terminate the program. It enhances code readability and allows for robust error management by separating error handling code from the main logic, using constructs like try and except blocks. Various built-in exceptions in Python can be managed through specific handling strategies, and the finally block ensures that certain code runs regardless of whether an exception occurred.
The document discusses different types of errors in programming - syntax errors, runtime errors (exceptions), and logical errors. It explains that exceptions can be handled using try, catch, and finally blocks. The try block contains code that might throw exceptions, catch blocks handle specific exceptions, and finally blocks contain cleanup code that always runs. Key aspects of exception handling include using specialized catch blocks before general ones and obtaining exception details to understand errors.
Control structures functions and modules in python programmingSrinivas Narasegouda
The document discusses control structures, functions, modules, and Python's standard library. It covers topics like conditional branching, looping, functions, modules, packages, exceptions, strings, and more. Custom functions in Python include global functions, local functions, lambda functions, and methods. Modules allow packaging functionality and importing it into other code.
Exception handling in Python allows programmers to handle errors and exceptions that occur during runtime. The try/except block handles exceptions, with code in the try block executing normally and code in the except block executing if an exception occurs. Finally blocks ensure code is always executed after a try/except block. Programmers can define custom exceptions and raise exceptions using the raise statement.
Exceptions in Python represent errors and unexpected events that occur during program execution. There are several ways to handle exceptions in Python code:
1. Try and except blocks allow catching specific exceptions, with except blocks handling the exception.
2. Multiple except blocks can handle different exception types. The else block runs if no exception occurs.
3. Exceptions can be raised manually with raise or instantiated before raising. Finally blocks ensure code runs regardless of exceptions.
Exceptions in Java allow programs to handle and recover from errors and problems that occur during runtime. There are three main categories of exceptions: checked exceptions which must be declared, runtime exceptions which can be ignored, and errors which are usually outside a programmer's control. The try/catch block is used to catch exceptions, with catch blocks handling specific exception types. Finally blocks always execute regardless of exceptions. Programmers can also create their own custom exception classes.
Java exceptions allow programs to handle and recover from errors and unexpected conditions. Exceptions are thrown when something abnormal occurs and the normal flow of execution cannot continue. Code that may throw exceptions is wrapped in a try block. Catch blocks handle specific exception types. Finally blocks contain cleanup code that always executes regardless of exceptions. Common Java exceptions include IOException for I/O errors and NullPointerException for null reference errors. Exceptions bubble up the call stack until caught unless an uncaught exception causes thread termination.
Errors in Python programs are either syntax errors or exceptions. Syntax errors occur when the code has invalid syntax and exceptions occur when valid code causes an error at runtime. Exceptions can be handled by using try and except blocks. Users can also define their own exceptions by creating exception classes that inherit from the built-in Exception class. The finally block gets executed whether or not an exception was raised and is used to define clean-up actions. The with statement is also used to ensure objects are cleaned up properly after use.
An exception occurs when the normal flow of a program is disrupted, such as dividing by zero or accessing an out-of-bounds array element. Exceptions are handled using try-catch blocks to catch specific exceptions or finally blocks to clean up resources. Methods can throw exceptions using the throw statement or specify thrown exceptions in the method declaration using throws. Programmers can also create custom exception classes by extending the Exception class.
This document discusses exceptions and assertions in Java, including defining exceptions, using try/catch/finally statements, built-in exception categories, and developing programs to handle custom exceptions. It also covers appropriate uses of assertions such as validating internal invariants, control flow assumptions, and pre/postconditions. The document provides examples of throwing, catching, and propagating exceptions as well as enabling and using assertions in code.
The document discusses exception handling in programming. It defines different types of errors like syntax errors, semantic errors, and logical errors. Runtime errors can occur due to issues like division by zero. Exception handling involves finding and throwing exceptions using try, catch, and throw keywords. The catch block handles the exception. Common Java exceptions include NullPointerException, FileNotFoundException, and ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.
This document covers Java exceptions and packages, detailing how to create packages, handle exceptions, and the hierarchy of exception types. It explains exception handling using the keywords try, catch, throw, throws, and finally, as well as how to create custom exceptions and utilize chained exceptions for more complex error management. The text also emphasizes the importance of proper exception handling to maintain program stability and provide clear error indications.
This document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines an error as an unexpected result during program execution. Exceptions provide a better way to handle errors than errors by stopping normal program flow when an error occurs and handling the exception. There are two main types of exceptions in Java: checked exceptions which are checked at compile time, and unchecked exceptions which are checked at runtime. The try-catch block is used to handle exceptions by executing code that throws exceptions within a try block and catching any exceptions in catch blocks. Finally blocks allow executing code whether or not an exception occurs. Exceptions are thrown using the throw statement which requires a throwable object. Handling exceptions provides advantages like separating error code, grouping error types, consistency, flexibility and simplicity.
The document discusses exception handling and multithreading in Java. It defines exceptions as unexpected events that occur during program execution and disrupt normal flow. There are three types of exceptions: checked exceptions which occur at compile time; unchecked exceptions which occur at runtime; and errors which are problems beyond a program's control. The try, catch, finally keywords are used to handle exceptions. The document also discusses creating threads and synchronization in multithreaded programming.
The document discusses exception handling and multithreading in Java. It begins by defining exceptions as unexpected events that occur during program execution and disrupt normal flow. There are three categories of exceptions: checked exceptions which occur at compile time; unchecked exceptions which occur at runtime; and errors which are problems beyond a program's control. The document then covers how to handle exceptions using try, catch, finally and throw keywords. It provides examples of built-in and user-defined exceptions. The document concludes by explaining Java's multithreading model, how to create and manage threads, set thread priorities and states, and techniques for inter-thread communication.
Ruby provides mechanisms like begin/rescue/ensure to handle exceptions gracefully. The begin block contains code that could raise exceptions, rescue clauses specify the types of exceptions to handle, and ensure ensures some code is always executed. Exceptions can be raised manually using raise and caught using catch/throw. Common exception classes include StandardError, while custom exceptions should inherit from Exception.
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The document provides an overview of exception handling in programming, explaining what exceptions are, their types (checked and unchecked), and how to handle them using try-catch blocks in Java. It includes examples of both types of exceptions and demonstrates the use of keywords like try, catch, throw, and finally. Additionally, it outlines the importance of managing exceptions to maintain the normal flow of the program.
The document discusses exceptions in Java including:
1) How to throw and catch exceptions including ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.
2) How to re-throw exceptions and use chained exceptions.
3) The throws keyword and how it is used to declare exceptions a method may throw.
4) The finally block and how it is used to ensure code is executed after a try/catch block.
5) How to create custom/user-defined exceptions by extending the Exception class.
An exception is an error that disrupts normal program flow. Python handles exceptions by using try and except blocks. Code that may cause an exception is placed in a try block. Corresponding except blocks handle specific exception types. A finally block always executes before the try statement returns and is used to ensure cleanup. Multiple exceptions can be handled in one except block. Exceptions can also be manually raised using the raise keyword.
Exception handling in programming refers to managing unexpected situations or errors that occur during execution, which, if unhandled, can terminate the program. It enhances code readability and allows for robust error management by separating error handling code from the main logic, using constructs like try and except blocks. Various built-in exceptions in Python can be managed through specific handling strategies, and the finally block ensures that certain code runs regardless of whether an exception occurred.
The document discusses different types of errors in programming - syntax errors, runtime errors (exceptions), and logical errors. It explains that exceptions can be handled using try, catch, and finally blocks. The try block contains code that might throw exceptions, catch blocks handle specific exceptions, and finally blocks contain cleanup code that always runs. Key aspects of exception handling include using specialized catch blocks before general ones and obtaining exception details to understand errors.
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The document discusses control structures, functions, modules, and Python's standard library. It covers topics like conditional branching, looping, functions, modules, packages, exceptions, strings, and more. Custom functions in Python include global functions, local functions, lambda functions, and methods. Modules allow packaging functionality and importing it into other code.
Exception handling in Python allows programmers to handle errors and exceptions that occur during runtime. The try/except block handles exceptions, with code in the try block executing normally and code in the except block executing if an exception occurs. Finally blocks ensure code is always executed after a try/except block. Programmers can define custom exceptions and raise exceptions using the raise statement.
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Java exceptions allow programs to handle and recover from errors and unexpected conditions. Exceptions are thrown when something abnormal occurs and the normal flow of execution cannot continue. Code that may throw exceptions is wrapped in a try block. Catch blocks handle specific exception types. Finally blocks contain cleanup code that always executes regardless of exceptions. Common Java exceptions include IOException for I/O errors and NullPointerException for null reference errors. Exceptions bubble up the call stack until caught unless an uncaught exception causes thread termination.
Errors in Python programs are either syntax errors or exceptions. Syntax errors occur when the code has invalid syntax and exceptions occur when valid code causes an error at runtime. Exceptions can be handled by using try and except blocks. Users can also define their own exceptions by creating exception classes that inherit from the built-in Exception class. The finally block gets executed whether or not an exception was raised and is used to define clean-up actions. The with statement is also used to ensure objects are cleaned up properly after use.
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This document discusses exceptions and assertions in Java, including defining exceptions, using try/catch/finally statements, built-in exception categories, and developing programs to handle custom exceptions. It also covers appropriate uses of assertions such as validating internal invariants, control flow assumptions, and pre/postconditions. The document provides examples of throwing, catching, and propagating exceptions as well as enabling and using assertions in code.
The document discusses exception handling in programming. It defines different types of errors like syntax errors, semantic errors, and logical errors. Runtime errors can occur due to issues like division by zero. Exception handling involves finding and throwing exceptions using try, catch, and throw keywords. The catch block handles the exception. Common Java exceptions include NullPointerException, FileNotFoundException, and ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.
This document covers Java exceptions and packages, detailing how to create packages, handle exceptions, and the hierarchy of exception types. It explains exception handling using the keywords try, catch, throw, throws, and finally, as well as how to create custom exceptions and utilize chained exceptions for more complex error management. The text also emphasizes the importance of proper exception handling to maintain program stability and provide clear error indications.
This document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines an error as an unexpected result during program execution. Exceptions provide a better way to handle errors than errors by stopping normal program flow when an error occurs and handling the exception. There are two main types of exceptions in Java: checked exceptions which are checked at compile time, and unchecked exceptions which are checked at runtime. The try-catch block is used to handle exceptions by executing code that throws exceptions within a try block and catching any exceptions in catch blocks. Finally blocks allow executing code whether or not an exception occurs. Exceptions are thrown using the throw statement which requires a throwable object. Handling exceptions provides advantages like separating error code, grouping error types, consistency, flexibility and simplicity.
The document discusses exception handling and multithreading in Java. It defines exceptions as unexpected events that occur during program execution and disrupt normal flow. There are three types of exceptions: checked exceptions which occur at compile time; unchecked exceptions which occur at runtime; and errors which are problems beyond a program's control. The try, catch, finally keywords are used to handle exceptions. The document also discusses creating threads and synchronization in multithreaded programming.
The document discusses exception handling and multithreading in Java. It begins by defining exceptions as unexpected events that occur during program execution and disrupt normal flow. There are three categories of exceptions: checked exceptions which occur at compile time; unchecked exceptions which occur at runtime; and errors which are problems beyond a program's control. The document then covers how to handle exceptions using try, catch, finally and throw keywords. It provides examples of built-in and user-defined exceptions. The document concludes by explaining Java's multithreading model, how to create and manage threads, set thread priorities and states, and techniques for inter-thread communication.
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Exception Handling using Python Libraries
1. 17. Python Exceptions Handling
Python provides two very important features to handle any unexpected
error in your Python programs and to add debugging capabilities in
them:
– Exception Handling: This would be covered in this tutorial.
– Assertions: This would be covered in Assertions in Python tutorial.
What is Exception?
• An exception is an event, which occurs during the execution of a
program, that disrupts the normal flow of the program's instructions.
• In general, when a Python script encounters a situation that it can't
cope with, it raises an exception. An exception is a Python object that
represents an error.
• When a Python script raises an exception, it must either handle the
exception immediately otherwise it would terminate and come out.
2. Handling an exception:
• If you have some suspicious code that may raise an exception, you can
defend your program by placing the suspicious code in a try: block.
After the try: block, include an except: statement, followed by a block
of code which handles the problem as elegantly as possible.
Syntax:
try:
You do your operations here;
......................
except Exception I:
If there is ExceptionI, then execute this block.
except Exception II:
If there is ExceptionII, then execute this block.
......................
else:
If there is no exception then execute this block.
3. Here are few important points above the above mentioned syntax:
• A single try statement can have multiple except statements. This is
useful when the try block contains statements that may throw
different types of exceptions.
• You can also provide a generic except clause, which handles any
exception.
• After the except clause(s), you can include an else-clause. The code in
the else-block executes if the code in the try: block does not raise an
exception.
• The else-block is a good place for code that does not need the try:
block's protection.
4. Example:
try:
fh = open("testfile", "w")
fh.write("This is my test file for exception
handling!!")
except IOError: print "Error: can't find file or read
data"
else: print "Written content in the file successfully"
fh.close()
• This will produce following result:
Written content in the file successfully
5. The except clause with no exceptions:
You can also use the except statement with no exceptions
defined as follows:
try:
You do your operations here;
......................
except:
If there is any exception, then execute this
block. ......................
else:
If there is no exception then execute this block.
This kind of a try-except statement catches all the exceptions
that occur. Using this kind of try-except statement is not
considered a good programming practice, though, because it
catches all exceptions but does not make the programmer
identify the root cause of the problem that may occur.
6. The except clause with multiple exceptions:
You can also use the same except statement to handle multiple
exceptions as follows:
try:
You do your operations here;
......................
except(Exception1[, Exception2[,...ExceptionN]]]):
If there is any exception from the given exception
list, then execute this block
.......................
else:
If there is no exception then execute this block.
7. Standard Exceptions:
Here is a list standard Exceptions available in Python:
Standard Exceptions
The try-finally clause:
You can use a finally: block along with a try: block. The finally block is
a place to put any code that must execute, whether the try-block
raised an exception or not. The syntax of the try-finally statement is
this:
try:
You do your operations here;
......................
Due to any exception, this may be skipped.
finally:
This would always be executed.
......................
Note that you can provide except clause(s), or a finally clause, but not
both. You can not use else clause as well along with a finally clause.
8. Example:
try:
fh = open("testfile", "w")
fh.write("This is my test file for exception
handling!!")
finally:
print "Error: can't find file or read data"
If you do not have permission to open the file in writing mode
then this will produce following result:
Error: can't find file or read data
9. Reading and Writing Files:
The file object provides a set of access methods to make our lives easier.
We would see how to use read() and write() methods to read and write
files.
The write() Method:
• The write() method writes any string to an open file. It is important to
note that Python strings can have binary data and not just text.
• The write() method does not add a newline character ('n') to the end
of the string:
Syntax:
fileObject.write(string);
10. Argument of an Exception:
An exception can have an argument, which is a value that gives
additional information about the problem. The contents of the
argument vary by exception. You capture an exception's argument by
supplying a variable in the except clause as follows:
try:
You do your operations here;
......................
except ExceptionType, Argument:
You can print value of Argument here...
• If you are writing the code to handle a single exception, you can have
a variable follow the name of the exception in the except statement. If
you are trapping multiple exceptions, you can have a variable follow
the tuple of the exception.
• This variable will receive the value of the exception mostly containing
the cause of the exception. The variable can receive a single value or
multiple values in the form of a tuple. This tuple usually contains the
error string, the error number, and an error location.
11. Example:
Following is an example for a single exception:
def temp_convert(var):
try:
return int(var)
except ValueError, Argument:
print "The argument does not contain
numbersn", Argument
temp_convert("xyz");
• This would produce following result:
The argument does not contain numbers
invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'xyz'
12. Raising an exceptions:
You can raise exceptions in several ways by using the raise statement.
The general syntax for the raise statement.
Syntax:
raise [Exception [, args [, traceback]]]
• Here Exception is the type of exception (for example, NameError) and
argument is a value for the exception argument. The argument is
optional; if not supplied, the exception argument is None.
• The final argument, traceback, is also optional (and rarely used in
practice), and, if present, is the traceback object used for the exception
Example:
def functionName( level ):
if level < 1:
raise "Invalid level!", level
# The code below to this would not be executed
# if we raise the exception
13. Note: In order to catch an exception, an "except" clause must
refer to the same exception thrown either class object or simple
string. For example to capture above exception we must write
our except clause as follows:
try:
Business Logic here...
except "Invalid level!":
Exception handling here...
else:
Rest of the code here...
14. User-Defined Exceptions:
• Python also allows you to create your own exceptions by deriving classes
from the standard built-in exceptions.
• Here is an example related to RuntimeError. Here a class is created that is
subclassed from RuntimeError. This is useful when you need to display
more specific information when an exception is caught.
• In the try block, the user-defined exception is raised and caught in the
except block. The variable e is used to create an instance of the class
Networkerror.
class Networkerror(RuntimeError):
def __init__(self, arg):
self.args = arg
• So once you defined above class, you can raise your exception as follows:
try:
raise Networkerror("Bad hostname")
except Networkerror,e:
print e.args
![The except clause with multiple exceptions:
You can also use the same except statement to handle multiple
exceptions as follows:
try:
You do your operations here;
......................
except(Exception1[, Exception2[,...ExceptionN]]]):
If there is any exception from the given exception
list, then execute this block
.......................
else:
If there is no exception then execute this block.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/py-slides-9-250226103008-2cd99ff9/85/Exception-Handling-using-Python-Libraries-6-320.jpg)
![Raising an exceptions:
You can raise exceptions in several ways by using the raise statement.
The general syntax for the raise statement.
Syntax:
raise [Exception [, args [, traceback]]]
• Here Exception is the type of exception (for example, NameError) and
argument is a value for the exception argument. The argument is
optional; if not supplied, the exception argument is None.
• The final argument, traceback, is also optional (and rarely used in
practice), and, if present, is the traceback object used for the exception
Example:
def functionName( level ):
if level < 1:
raise "Invalid level!", level
# The code below to this would not be executed
# if we raise the exception](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/py-slides-9-250226103008-2cd99ff9/85/Exception-Handling-using-Python-Libraries-12-320.jpg)
