Exploring metaprogramming using Ruby language

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The document provides an introduction to metaprogramming using the Ruby programming language, explaining its concepts, including reflection and generative programming. It discusses Ruby's dynamic and reflective nature, highlighting how it allows programs to treat code as data for increased flexibility and productivity. Additionally, it addresses potential challenges of metaprogramming, such as increased complexity and the possibility of generating ‘metabugs’.

Exploring
metaprogramming
using
Ruby language
A brief introduction
Harshal Ganpatrao Hayatnagarkar
PhD Candidate in Dept. of Computer Science
1
Friday, October 3, 2014

Engineering marvels
Ford Model T (approx. 1918) Tesla Model S (2010)
10/24/2014 2

Assembly Lines: Process marvels
Ford Model T Assembly Line
Tesla Robotic Assembly Line
10/24/2014 3

Assembly Lines: Process marvels
People building cars
A worker on assembly line does same task
repetitively, item after item and day after day.
People building robots building cars
Is this like programming?
People building robots build robots building
cars
What is this analogous to?
Courtesy: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3468246/whats-the-use-of-metaprogramming
10/24/2014 4

Metaphor
…
People building robots building robots… building cars
What is this analogous to?
10/24/2014 5

Meta-programming
• Meta (‘beyond’ in Greek) + programming  Programming
Abstraction
– Similar to meta-data, meta-model, meta-physics and so on.
• “Writing of computer programs that with ability to treat
programs as their data, as it meant that a program could
be designed to read, generate, analyse and/or transform
other programs, and even modify itself while running. In
some cases, this allows programmers to minimize the
number of lines of code to express a solution (hence
reducing development time), or it gives programs greater
flexibility to efficiently handle new situations without
recompilation.” - Wikipedia
10/24/2014 6

Revelation
Data-Code Duality
10/24/2014 7

Two aspects
Reflection Generative programming
10/24/2014 8

Reflection
• Ability of a computer program to examine and modify the
structure and behavior (specifically values, meta-data,
properties and functions) of the program at runtime.
– Metalanguage in which metaprogram is written.
– object language, programs written in which are manipulated.
– reflection or reflexivity is ability of a programming language to
be its own metalanguage.
• Fairly common in programming languages
– C++ (limited)
– Java (+ other JVM languages), C# (+ other CLR languages)
– JavaScript, Python, PHP, Ruby
10/24/2014 9

Generative Programming
• “A style of computer programming that uses
automated source code creation through generic
frames, classes, prototypes, templates, aspects,
and code generators to improve programmer
productivity.” - Wikipedia
• For example,
– Internal to language: C/C++ preprocessor macros, C++
templates, LISP macros, Ruby/Python/PHP
evaluations.
– External: Code generation templates.
10/24/2014 10

Ruby Programming Language
• Dynamic, reflective, object-oriented,
general-purpose programming language.
• Influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada,
and Lisp.
• Supports multiple paradigms functional,
object-oriented, and imperative.
• With dynamic type system and automatic
memory management.
Yukihiro "Matz"
Matsumoto
10/24/2014 11

Meta Object Protocol
• Everything is an object, including classes.
• Method calling is analogous to message
passing where arguments are payload.
10/24/2014 12

Dynamic methods
Ruby on Rails – ActiveRecord example
10/24/2014 16

Generative Programming
• Code generation – one or more levels
– ‘eval’ expression family
– Takes source code in string form and embed in current
context.
10/24/2014 17

Two-level generation
• Code generating code generating code
Level 1
Level 2
 ‘Level 1’ eval
 ‘Level 2’ eval
10/24/2014 18

Pitfalls
• Metabugs?
– Bugs generating bugs generating…
– And there is no ‘programs debugging programs
debugging programs…’.
• Increased code complexity
10/24/2014 19

Further exploration…
• Model-driven development
• Domain-specific languages
• Ruby on Rails for web development
framework
– An example of metaprogramming features.
10/24/2014 20

Questions?
And thank you for your interest !
10/24/2014 21

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In a world where speed, resilience, and fault tolerance define success, Wix leverages Kafka to power asynchronous programming across 4,000 microservices. This talk explores four key patterns that boost developer velocity while solving common challenges with scalable, efficient, and reliable solutions: 1. Integration Events: Shift from synchronous calls to pre-fetching to reduce query latency and improve user experience. 2. Task Queue: Offload non-critical tasks like notifications to streamline request flows. 3. Task Scheduler: Enable precise, fault-tolerant delayed or recurring workflows with robust scheduling. 4. Iterator for Long-running Jobs: Process extensive workloads via chunked execution, optimizing scalability and resilience. For each pattern, we’ll discuss benefits, challenges, and how we mitigate drawbacks to create practical solutions This session offers actionable insights for developers and architects tackling distributed systems, helping refine microservices and adopting Kafka-driven async excellence.

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Step by step guide to install Flutter and DartS Pranav (Deepu)

Flutter is basically Google’s portable user interface (UI) toolkit, used to build and develop eye-catching, natively-built applications for mobile, desktop, and web, from a single codebase. Flutter is free, open- sourced, and compatible with existing code. It is utilized by companies and developers around the world, due to its user-friendly interface and fairly simple, yet to-the-point commands.