flowchart & algorithms
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An algorithm is a set of steps to solve a problem. It has four characteristics: finiteness, definiteness, effectiveness, and inputs/outputs. To develop an algorithm, one identifies the inputs, outputs, logic, breaks the logic into simple steps, and writes the steps in order. A flowchart is a pictorial representation of an algorithm that uses standard symbols like rectangles, diamonds, and arrows. It shows the flow of instructions and is easier to understand than an algorithm. Examples are provided to write algorithms and flowcharts to convert feet to centimeters and calculate the area of a rectangle.
flowchart & algorithms
- 1. Flowcharts and algorithms Prepared by: Ravi Bharadva 130110120007 Hemdeep Bhavsar 130110120008 Nayan Chauhan 130110120009 Chintan Kathrecha 130110120010 Chitt Kakadia 130110120011 Yashraj Chudasama 130110120012 Faculty J.V SIR
- 3. Algorithm An algorithm is the finite set of sequential instructions to accomplish a task where instructions are written in a simple English language. It is called as a step by step solution of the program. It is a well developed, organized approach to solving complex problems. It refers to logic of program. It is step by step solution to given program.
- 4. Characteristics of algorithm Algorithm has four characteristics: Finiteness : Total number of steps used in algorithm should be finite. Definiteness : Each step of algorithm must be clear and un ambiguous. Effectiveness : Every step must be basic and essential. Input & output: the algorithm must accept zero or more input and must produce at least one output.
- 5. How to develop an algorithm First identify different inputs to be given to system. Then identify what output you want from the program. Then create logic for it. Break that logic into simple steps. Write this steps in order. This forms the algorithm required from the given logic.
- 6. Advantages Disadvantages Very easy to write. Easy technique to understand logic. Easy identification of the mistakes by non computer person. Time consuming. Difficult to show branching and looping. Big tasks are difficult to put in algorithm.
- 7. Write an algorithm to calculate area of rectangle. Step 1: accept value of length i.e l Step 2: Accept the value of breadth i.e b Step 3: calculate area. i.e a=l*b Step 4: print area i.e Print a. Step 5: stop
- 8. Create a program to get name and roll number from user and print it! Step 1: Initialize name as character and roll number as integer Step2: Display message “ENTER NAME:” on screen Step 3: Get name from user STEP 4: Display message “ENTER R.NO:” Step 5: Get Roll number from USER STEP 6: clear the screen STEP 7: Print name on screen STEP 8: Print roll number on screen STEP 9: STOP
- 9. Write an algorithm to determine a student’s final grade and indicate whether it is passing or failing. The final grade is calculated as the average of four marks. Step 1: input a set of 4 marks Step 2: calculate average of marks Step 3: if avg <50 then go to next step else go to step 5. Step 4: print fail. Step 5: print pass. Step 6: stop
- 10. Write a algorithm to find out smallest number out of two numbers. Step 1: Accept Two number I.e a,b Step 2: check if a<b? if yes go to step 3 else go to step 5. Step 3: Print a is smallest number. Step 4: stop Step 5: print b is smallest number. Step 6 : stop
- 12. What is a flowchart? It is a pictorial representation of the algorithm. What we did in algorithm, we can represent it in flowchart. This format is easy to understand. It shows us the flow of the instructions.
- 13. Symbols of flowchart Name Symbol Use in flowchart Oval Used at starting and at ending of the program. Flowlines Used to show direction of the flow. Parallelogram Used for input output options. Rectangle Denotes process to be carried out.
- 14. Symbols of flowchart round Diamond It is used for showing decision structure. Round Connecting flow lines from different places Block Indicates block of statements or body of loop
- 15. Advantages Disadvantages Easy to draw. Easy technique to understand logic. Easy to identify the mistake by non computer person. Easy for branching and looping. Time consuming. Difficult for modification. Difficult task to draw flow charts for big programs.
- 16. Different operators used in programing Determine how one value relates to another Equal to == Not equal to != Less than < Greater than > Less than or Equal to <= Greater than or Equal to >=
- 28. Example : write an algorithm and flowchart for converting length in feet to centimeter. Algorithm: Step1: input l in ft Step 2: L in cm= l in ft*30 Step 3: Print l in cm. Flowchart: in ft start Read value of l L in cm= l in ft*30 Print l in cm stop
- 29. Example: write an algorithm and flowchart to read 2 sides of rectangle and calc. its area. Algorithm: Step1: read input W,L. Step2: A=W*L Step3: print A Flowchart: Read W,L start Read value of W & L A= L*W;A = L * W Print area A stop
- 30. Any questions?