Getting Started with .NET

Getting Started with .NET

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Objectives


Objectives
• Learn the advantages and architecture of the .NET
Framework


Objectives
Framework
• Examine sample Microsoft Intermediate Language code


Objectives
Framework
• Set up a development profile in Visual Studio .NET


Objectives
Framework
• Create Console Application projects in Visual
Studio .NET


Objectives
Framework
Studio .NET
• View the code that Visual Studio generates and
understand what it does


Objectives
Framework
Studio .NET
• Explore the Object Browser in the Integrated
Development Environment


Objectives
Framework
Studio .NET
• Explore the Object Browser in the Integrated
Development Environment
• Take advantage of Visual Studio’s exception-handling
features

Agenda


Agenda
• Thinking about .NET


Agenda
• Using Visual Studio 2010


Agenda
• Using Visual Studio 2010
• Debugging and Handling Exceptions


What Is .NET, Anyway?


• 1991: Windows "sits" on top of DOS


 Windows apps require Windows runtime environment


 Windows apps provide a consistent API for
communicating with drivers, devices, and so on


• 2001: .NET Runtime "sits" on top of Windows


 .NET apps require .NET runtime environment


 .NET apps provide a consistent API for working with
Windows, data structures, types, and more


 .NET apps provide a consistent API for working with
Windows, data structures, types, and more
• .NET provides an environment that handles data
types, memory management, APIs, and much
more

• .NET Framework 2.0: Third version of the Object-
oriented programming environment


• .NET Framework 3.0: Developed to work with Windows
Vista and Windows Server 2008


 Can create command-line apps through rich client apps,
including Web applications


• .NET is open


• .NET is open
 Can program in many different languages


• .NET is open
 Can use different tools


• .NET is open
o Not limited to VB/C# and Visual Studio


• .NET is open
 .NET SDK is a free download


• .NET is open
 .NET SDK is a free download
o No need to buy Visual Studio, but it's a lot more productive!

Why .NET?


Why .NET?
• Before .NET, software development required
mastery of multiple technologies and authoring
tools


Why .NET?
tools
 Manually stitched together various programming
tools


Why .NET?
tools
tools
• For example:


Why .NET?
tools
tools
• For example:
 Web sites? Required VB Scripting or JScript and
HTML


Why .NET?
tools
tools
• For example:
HTML
 Database apps? SQL/SQL Server


Why .NET?
tools
tools
• For example:
HTML
 Business applications? Visual Basic


Why .NET?
tools
tools
• For example:
HTML
 Office applications? VBA


Why .NET?
tools
tools
• For example:
HTML
 Office applications? VBA
 Streamlined graphics? C++

Advantages of .NET


Advantages of .NET
• .NET provides remedies:


Advantages of .NET
 Object-oriented view of Windows: .NET Framework
encapsulates lots of functionality into classes


Advantages of .NET
 Application security built in


Advantages of .NET
 Deploying applications is easier


Advantages of .NET
o Assembly contains and describes unit of deployment


Advantages of .NET
 Versioning issues largely handled without effort


Advantages of .NET
 Assemblies can be digitally signed


Advantages of .NET
 Unless using COM, no need for registration


Advantages of .NET
 Unless using COM, no need for registration
 All .NET languages are interoperable


.NET Framework Architecture


.NET Framework Architecture
VB C++ C# JScript …

Common Language Specification

Visual Studio .NET
ASP.NET Windows Forms

ADO.NET and XML
Base Class Library
Common Language Runtime

Windows COM+ Services


• Common Language Runtime (CLR) provides
runtime environment for all .NET applications


• CLR's purpose is to load and run applications
compiled to Intermediate Language (IL)


 Each .NET compiler creates IL as its output


• CLR manages .NET base services:


 Memory management


 Garbage collection


 Exception handling


 Exception handling
 Loading/Running applications


CLR and Running Code


• CLR allows you to run both managed and
unmanaged code


unmanaged code
 Unmanaged code runs outside the CLR


unmanaged code
o VB6/C++ code compiled without .NET


unmanaged code
o VB6/C++ code compiled without .NET
 Managed code runs "within" the CLR, and benefits
from the CLR's features


CLR and Compilers


CLR and Compilers
• .NET Compilers create Microsoft Intermediate
Language (MSIL, or just IL) as output


CLR and Compilers
• .NET Compilers create Microsoft Intermediate
Language (MSIL, or just IL) as output
• At execution time, Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler
converts code to native executable


More about JIT


More about JIT
• JIT compiler takes native processor into account


More about JIT
 Creates code optimized for the local environment


More about JIT
 Makes decisions about how to optimize code at
runtime


More about JIT
runtime
• Only needs to compile the application once:


More about JIT
runtime
 Compiled "bits" cached locally


More about JIT
runtime
 Performance overhead is very slight, if any


More about JIT
runtime
 Performance overhead is very slight, if any
• Remember: .NET Runtime/CLR must be
installed on client computers in order to
run .NET code

.NET Framework Base Class Library


• BCL consists of classes that provide base
functionality for .NET Framework


 And many classes that make your life as a developer
easier


easier
 Library of classes used by all .NET applications


easier
• Contains large number of classes (blocks of
functionality, including properties, methods, and
events) grouped into namespaces


easier
 Each class within a namespace has a unique name


easier
 Each class within a namespace has a unique name
• BCL's namespaces group classes into common
blocks of functionality

Some BCL Namespaces


Some BCL Namespaces
• System


Some BCL Namespaces
• System
• System.Data


Some BCL Namespaces
• System
• System.Data
• System.Diagnostics


Some BCL Namespaces
• System
• System.Data
• System.Globalization


Some BCL Namespaces
• System
• System.Data
• System.IO


Some BCL Namespaces
• System
• System.Data
• System.IO
• System.Text


Some BCL Namespaces
• System
• System.Data
• System.IO
• System.Text
• System.Text.RegularExpressions


Some BCL Namespaces
• System
• System.Data
• System.IO
• System.Text
• System.Web


Some BCL Namespaces
• System
• System.Data
• System.IO
• System.Text
• System.Web
• System.Windows.Forms


Some BCL Namespaces
• System
• System.Data
• System.IO
• System.Text
• System.Web
• System.Windows.Forms
• System.Xml

.NET Languages


.NET Languages
• Microsoft provides several .NET languages:


.NET Languages
 Visual Basic, Visual C#, C++, JScript


.NET Languages
 Other vendors provide other languages


.NET Languages
o Python, Fortran, Cobol, and many more


.NET Languages
• How do languages interoperate?


.NET Languages
 .NET provides:


.NET Languages
 .NET provides:
o Common Language Specification (CLS): Describes how .NET
languages should work


.NET Languages
 .NET provides:
o Common Type System (CTS): Describes how data types
should work together


.NET Languages
 .NET provides:
o Common Type System (CTS): Describes how data types
should work together
 In the end: All .NET languages compile to IL


Examining a .NET Application:
Introducing Assemblies


• Compile managed code: create assembly


• Theoretically, assembly can contain multiple
modules


modules
 Visual Studio only supports creating single-module
assemblies


modules
assemblies
 Output looks like EXE or DLL


modules
assemblies
o Actually contains compiled IL, and information about the
assembly


modules
assemblies
o Actually contains compiled IL, and information about the
assembly
 Metadata contains a manifest that describes the
assembly, procedures, and types that it exports,
along with other required assemblies


What's in the Manifest?


• Version, name, culture, security requirements


• List of other files in assembly and cryptographic
hash for each file


hash for each file
• List of public types


hash for each file
• List of external required references


hash for each file
• List of external required references
• Use ILDASM.EXE to examine contents


What Can You Create?


• .NET allows you to create a large range of
applications


applications
• Visual Studio includes templates for (among
others):


applications
others):
 Windows application


applications
others):
 Console application


applications
others):
 Class library


applications
others):
 Class library
 Windows control library


applications
others):
 Class library
 Web control library


applications
others):
 Class library
 Web application


applications
others):
 Class library
 Web application
 XML Web Service


Using Visual Studio 2010


• Creating applications using Notepad and
command-line compilers is possible


 But it's not very efficient


• Visual Studio provides a huge number of time-
saving tools, along with built-in compiler
support


• Visual Studio provides a huge number of time-
saving tools, along with built-in compiler
support
• Supports Visual Basic, C#, and more


Working with Profile Settings


• User profiles allow you to control Visual Studio
behavior


behavior
• Can use pre-set defaults for:


behavior
 Options


behavior
 Options
 Menus


behavior
 Options
 Menus
 Key bindings


behavior
 Options
 Menus
 Key bindings
 Toolbars


behavior
 Options
 Menus
 Key bindings
 Toolbars
• Pick a profile when you first run Visual Studio


behavior
 Options
 Menus
 Key bindings
 Toolbars
 Or change it any time


behavior
 Options
 Menus
 Key bindings
 Toolbars
 Or change it any time
• Demonstration saves and restores profile

Debugging and Handling Exceptions


• No matter how carefully you code


 You'll make coding errors


 Errors will occur at runtime


• Three types of errors:


 Syntax errors


 Syntax errors
 Runtime errors


 Syntax errors
 Runtime errors
 Logic errors


 Syntax errors
 Runtime errors
 Logic errors
• Visual Studio provides powerful tools to help in
your debugging process


Learn More!


Learn More!
• This is an excerpt from a larger course. Visit
www.learnnowonline.com for the full details!


Getting Started with .NET

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