Gradle.Enemy at the gates
- 1. Gradle. Enemy at the gates. Сергей Моренец, [email protected] 23 мая 2014 г.
- 2. About author • Works in IT since 2000 • 10 year of Java SE/EE experience • Migrated to Gradle after 7 years of Ant/Maven usage • Regular speaker at Java conferences
- 3. Agenda • Builds tools overview • Gradle under the microscope • Examples • Q & A
- 5. Magic pill
- 6. Gradle • Flexible yet model-driven JVM-based build tool • Acknowledges and improves on the very best ideas from Make, Ant, Ivy, Maven, Rake, Gant, Scons, SBT, Leinengen, and Buildr
- 7. Gradle • Flexibility of Ant • Dependency management from Ivy • Intelligence of Maven • Speed and hashing of Git • Metaprogramming power of Groovy
- 8. Apache Ant • Offers extreme flexibility • Imposes no convention • Lightweight dependency management
- 9. Apache Ivy • Cross-platform dependency management • Transitive dependencies • Enhanced support of repositories
- 10. Apache Maven • Offers rigid standards and support for dependency management • More difficult and inflexible standards/procedures • Declarative approach
- 11. Issue #1. XML • Large and complex files are hard to understand • Hierarchical structure limits the expressiveness of the format • Good format for the data and complex for the flow
- 12. Issues #2. Frameworkitis • Frameworkitis is the disease that a framework wants to do too much for you or it does it in a way that you don't want but you can't change it • The bigger the framework becomes, the greater the chances that it will want to do too much, the bigger the learning curves become, and the more difficult it becomes to maintain it • Group of small frameworks(toolkits) is better than big framework
- 13. Solution #1. Groovy • An agile and dynamic language for the Java Virtual Machine • Makes modern programming features available to Java developers with almost-zero learning curve • Provides the ability to statically type check and statically compile your code for robustness and performance • Supports Domain-Specific Languages and other compact syntax • Every Gradle build file is Groovy script
- 14. Gradle • First release in Apr 2008 • Current version 1.12 released in April 2014 • Used in Carrier, EADS, Hibernate, Grails, Groovy, Spring-Security and Spring-Integration
- 15. Hans Dockter • Founder of Gradle and Gradleware • 13 years of experience as a software developer, team leader, architect, trainer, and mentor • Previously worked at Jboss and founded Jboss-IDE • Holds a Diploma in Physics with a minor in Computer Science • Admirer of domain-driven-design
- 16. Slogan • Make the impossible possible • Make the possible easy • Make the easy elegant
- 17. Gradle overview • A flexible general purpose build tool • Declarative builds and build-by-convention plugins on top • Multi-project support • Powerful dependency management based on Ivy • Programming tool • Based on Groovy • Gradle is written in Java with a Groovy DSL layer on top
- 18. Build structure • Gradle build consists of one or more projects • Project contains one or more tasks • Task is fundamental unit of build activity • Tasks are named collections of build instructions • Tasks are the equivalent to Ant targets • Task is made up of actions
- 19. Hello world • $ gradle helloWorld
- 20. build.gradle
- 21. Maven pom
- 22. Build phases Initialization Configuration Execution
- 23. Initialization • Gradle defines which projects are involved in build • Project instance is defined for each involved project
- 24. Configuration • Task objects are assembled into an internal object model, usually called the DAG • The build scripts of all projects which are part of the build are executed • If “configuration on demand” feature is enabled then only relevant projects are configured
- 25. Execution • Gradle determines the subset of the tasks, created and configured during the configuration phase • Subset of tasks depends on the gradle command argument and the contents of the current directory. • Selected tasks are executed in the order required by their dependency relationships
- 26. DefaultTask • dependsOn(task) • doFirst(closure) • doLast(closure) • onlyIf(closure)
- 27. Sample project
- 28. Sample project
- 29. Dependent tasks
- 30. Task types Copy Jar JavaCompile JavaExec JettyRun War
- 31. Custom task • Writes audit information at the end of the build • Audit information includes project name and build timestamp • Audit files are located in the separate folder
- 32. Custom task
- 33. Custom task
- 34. Custom task
- 35. Custom task
- 36. Multi-project builds • Build where you build more than one project during a single execution of Gradle • Sub-projects should be defined in settings.gradle • Settings file is analyzed in the initialization phase when sub-projects are revealed and included into DAG • Sub-projects are sub-directories in the simplest case
- 37. settings.gradle
- 38. Plugin • Reusable pieces of build logic • Can be used in different projects/builds • Can be written in Groovy, Java or Scala
- 39. Plugin • Add tasks to the project • Pre-configure added tasks with useful defaults • Add dependency configurations to the project • Add new properties and methods to existing type via extensions
- 40. Plugins • Android • AspectJ • Flex • Grails • GWT • JavaScript • JAXB • Jenkins • SvnKit • Tomcat • Xslt
- 41. Plugin import
- 42. Packaging • Build script • buildSrc project • rootProjectDir/buildSrc/src/main/groovy • Standalone project
- 43. Custom plugin
- 44. Custom plugin
- 45. Custom plugin
- 46. Custom plugin • $ gradle writeBuild
- 47. Custom plugin
- 48. Integration • Ant • Maven
- 49. Gradle and Ant • Gradle is often described as Groovy-based Ant. • Competitor of Gant(Groovy Ant scripting) • Share DAG concept • Gradle tasks are similar to Ant targrets • Gradle variables(typeless) are close to Ant properties
- 50. Hello Ant
- 51. Ant import
- 52. Gradle and Maven
- 53. Gradle and Maven Maven Coordinate Gradle Property Gradle Default groupId group blank artifactId name Project directory name version version unspecified name N/A N/A description description null
- 54. Comparison Operation Gradle Maven Build(sec) 21,2 24,2 Inc build(sec) 8,7 11 Build with 29 28 tests(sec) Clean(sec) 3,9 3,1 Distributive(Mb) 44 3
- 55. Maven converter • Create build.gradle file in the root folder • Specify apply plugin: 'maven2Gradle' in the build.gradle file. • Run gradle maven2Gradle
- 56. Maven Dependencies Scopes: • compile • provided • runtime • test • system • import
- 57. Dependencies
- 58. Gradle Dependencies configurations: • compile • default • testCompile • testRuntime • archives • runtime
- 60. Repositories • Gradle provides a bridge implementation to Ivy- or Maven-formatted repositories
- 61. Profiles • build.gradle • dev-profile.gradle • test-profile.gradle • $ gradle –Pprofile=dev build
- 64. Unit testing • Junit • TestNG • Spock • Geb • EasyB
- 65. Skip tasks • $ gradle -PskipTests
- 66. Skip tasks
- 67. Skip tasks
- 68. Caching • Gradle caches all compiles scripts by default • Compiled scripts are put into .gradle folder • Gradle uses compiled version if the script hasn’t changed • --recompile-scripts option discards cache
- 69. Practical tasks • Multiple projects • Liquibase • Deployment
- 70. Multiple projects • Huge project • Multiple sub-projects/pom.xml files • Complicated maintenance
- 71. Liquibase • Plugins for 2 and 3 versions • Lightweight front-end for Liquibase command-line • Gradle task for each Liquibase command
- 72. Deployment • Separate plugins for Jetty/Tomcat • General plugin for multiple containers
- 73. Pros • Native Java interaction • Ant/Maven integration • Transitive dependency management(based on Maven/Ivy) • Multiple third-party plugins(70+) • Incremental builds • Rapid development
- 74. Cons • Less efficient due to script nature • Large learning curve • Less community & industry support
- 75. Future • Testing toolkit for integration into business logic • Improved plugin portal and plugin development • Execution of Maven builds/plugins at runtime • Distributed testing • Parallel and distributed execution … to be continued
- 76. Resources
- 77. Practice • https://github.com/hibernate/hibernate-orm • https://github.com/SpringSource/spring-framework • https://github.com/gradle/gradle
- 78. Q&A • Сергей Моренец, [email protected]