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Rob Crowther
A user-friendly reference guide
M AN N I N G
HTML5
& CSS3
www.it-ebooks.info
Hello! HTML5 & CSS3
www.it-ebooks.info
www.it-ebooks.info
Hello! HTML5 & CSS3
A user-friendly reference guide
Rob Crowther
M A N N I N G
SHELTER ISLAND
www.it-ebooks.info
For online information and ordering of this and other Manning books, please visit
www.manning.com. The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in
quantity. For more information, please contact:
Special Sales Department
Manning Publications Co.
20 Baldwin Road
PO Box 261
Shelter Island, NY 11964
Email: orders@manning.com
©2013 by Manning Publications Co. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without
prior written permission of the publisher.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products
are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in the book, and Manning
Publications was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial
caps or all caps.
User Friendly artwork, characters, and strips used by permission from UserFriendly.Org.
All Rights Reserved.
Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, it is Manning’s policy to
have the books we publish printed on acid-free paper, and we exert our best efforts to that
end. Recognizing also our responsibility to conserve the resources of our planet, Manning
books are printed on paper that is at least 15 percent recycled and processed without
elemental chlorine.
Manning Publications Co. Developmenteditor: Cynthia Kane
20 Baldwin Road Copyeditor: Tiffany Taylor
PO Box 261 Technical proofreader: Adam London
Shelter Island, NY 11964 Typesetter: Marija Tudor
Cover designer: Marija Tudor
ISBN: 9781935182894
Printed in the United States of America
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 – MAL – 17 16 15 14 13 12
www.it-ebooks.info
v
brief contents
PART 1 LEARNING HTML5 1
1 Introducing HTML5 markup 3
2 HTML5 forms 38
3 Dynamic graphics 73
4 Audio and video 119
5 Browser-based APIs 153
6 Network and location APIs 191
PART 2 LEARNING CSS3 231
7 New CSS language features 233
8 Layout with CSS3 271
9 Motion and color 313
10 Borders and backgrounds with CSS3 351
11 Text and fonts 392
www.it-ebooks.info
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vii
contents
preface xv
acknowledgments xvii
about this book xix
PART 1 LEARNING HTML5 1
1 Introducing HTML5 markup 3
Why do we need new elements? 4
New elements for page structure 7
Sectioning content 7 ❍ Headings, headers, and the outlining
algorithm 9 ❍ Common page elements 15
The HTML DOCTYPE 17
New elements for content 18
Time 18 ❍ Images and diagrams with <figure> and
<figcaption> 21 ❍ Emphasizing words and phrases 22
HTML5’s new global attributes 23
Accessibility with ARIA 24 ❍ Extending HTML with custom
attributes 26 ❍ Expressing more than just document
semantics with microdata 28
The HTML5 content model 29
Browser support 32
Supporting Internet Explorer 35 ❍ Enabling HTML5 support
in Internet Explorer with html5.js 36
Summary 36
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viii contents
2 HTML5 forms 38
The limitations of HTML4 forms 39
Numbers, ranges, dates, and times 42
Validation 46
The required attribute 47 ❍ The min, max, and pattern
attributes 47 ❍ Taking advantage of validation with
CSS 49 ❍ Turning off validation 50
Email and URLs 51
Email addresses 51 ❍ Web addresses 53
Elements for user feedback 53
The <output> element 53 ❍ The <progress> element 55
The <meter> element 56
Less-common form controls 57
Telephone numbers 57 ❍ Color pickers 58
<keygen> 59
New attributes for the <input> element 59
Placeholder text 59 ❍ Form autofocus 61 ❍ Protecting
private information with the autocomplete attribute 61
Extending forms with JavaScript 62
Customizing the validation messages 62 ❍ Triggering
validation with JavaScript 64 ❍ Responding to any
changes in value 64 ❍ Creating combo boxes with
<datalist> 65 ❍ Easy ways to work with form
values in JavaScript 67
Browser support and detecting HTML5 features 68
Browser inconsistencies 69 ❍ Detecting supported
features 69 ❍ The html5-now library 71
Summary 72
3 Dynamic graphics 73
Getting started with <canvas>: shapes, images, and text 74
Drawing shapes 76 ❍ Placing images 82 ❍ Drawing
text 84
Advanced <canvas>: gradients, shadows, and animation 87
Creating gradients 88 ❍ Drawing drop shadows 91
Transformations 92 ❍ Animation 94
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contents ix
Getting started with SVG 96
Applying styles to SVG 98 ❍ Drawing common shapes 99
Images, text, and embedded content 101 ❍ Transforms,
gradients, patterns, and declarative animation 105
SVG vs. <canvas> 112
Browser support 114
Supporting <canvas> in older versions of IE with
explorercanvas 114 ❍ SVG in XML vs. SVG in HTML 115
Embedding SVG as an image 115 ❍ Referencing an SVG
image from CSS 116 ❍ Embedding SVG as an object 116
SVG support in older browsers with SVG Web and Raphaël 116
Summary 118
4 Audio and video 119
Audio and video on the modern web 119
The <audio> element 123
Common attributes: controls, autoplay, loop, and preload 124
Codecs and license issues 129 ❍ Using multiple sources 133
The <video> element 134
<video> element attributes 135 ❍ Containers, codecs,
and license issues 138 ❍ Easy encoding with Miro Video
Converter 139 ❍ Advanced encoding with FFmpeg 140
Using multiple sources 142
Controlling audio and video with JavaScript 144
Integrating media with other content 146
Browser support 150
Web server configuration for audio and video 151
Supporting legacy browsers with Flash video 152
Summary 152
5 Browser-based APIs 153
Rich-text editing with the contenteditable attribute 154
Basic text editing 155 ❍ The spellcheck attribute 157
Applying formatting to the editable text 160
Natural user interaction with drag-and-drop 164
Basic drag-and-drop 167 ❍ Drag-and-drop in all
browsers 169
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x contents
Managing the Back button with the history API 173
Updating page state 175 ❍ Using location.hash 176
Example: Implementing an undo feature 177
Getting semantic with the microdata API 179
Using a single microdata format 180 ❍ Using multiple
microdata formats 183
Lag-free interfaces with web workers 185
Browser support 189
Summary 189
6 Network and location APIs 191
Finding yourself with the Geolocation API 192
Finding your location 193 ❍ Finding your location more
accurately 194 ❍ Finding your location continuously 195
Practical uses for geolocation 196
Communication in HTML5 200
Enabling more secure integration with cross-document
messaging 201 ❍ Real-time communication with the
WebSocket API 205
Offline web applications 208
Setting up a development environment 209
The application cache 211 ❍ Managing network
connectivity in offline apps 215
Storing data for offline use 222
Local storage 223 ❍ Session storage 227 ❍ Putting
it all together 228
Browser support 229
Summary 229
PART 2 LEARNING CSS3 231
7 New CSS language features 233
Choosing elements through their relationships 234
Selecting sets of elements with combinators 235
Selecting among a set of elements with
pseudo-classes 240
www.it-ebooks.info
contents xi
Choosing elements by their attributes 251
Choosing what isn’t 255 ❍ Pseudo-elements 257
Choosing elements based on user interaction 261
Styling form elements based on state 262 ❍ Styling the
page based on the target of the URL 265
Browser support 267
Using jQuery to support older browsers 269
Summary 270
8 Layout with CSS3 271
Underused CSS2 layout features 272
Placing elements on a line with inline-block 272 ❍ Grouping
element dimensions with display: table 275
CSS3 improvements to CSS2 approaches 279
Mixing different length units with calc 279 ❍ Controlling
the box model 284
Using media queries for flexible layout 285
Resolution detection 287 ❍ Changing layout based on
orientation and aspect ratio 291 ❍ Additional
device-detection features 292
The future of CSS layout 293
Using flexible boxes for nested layout 294 ❍ Using the
CSS3 Grid Alignment module 298 ❍ Controlling content
flow with CSS3 Regions 303 ❍ Making complex shapes
with CSS3 Exclusions and Shapes 305
Browser support 308
inline-block in IE6 and IE7 309 ❍ calc in Chrome and
Firefox 310 ❍ box-sizing in Firefox and Safari 5 310
Flexboxes in Chrome, Firefox, IE, and Safari 310
Media queries and old browsers 311 ❍ Regions and
exclusions 311
Summary 311
9 Motion and color 313
Colors and opacity 314
Opacity 314 ❍ RGBA 318 ❍ HSL and HSLA 320
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xii contents
CSS transforms 323
2D transforms 324 ❍ 3D transforms 328
CSS transitions 330
Transition timing functions 334 ❍ Transition
property 337 ❍ Transition delay 338 ❍ Triggering
transitions with JavaScript 339
CSS Animation 343
Browser support 346
Opacity in IE8 and earlier 346 ❍ Transforms, transitions,
and animations in current browsers 346 ❍ Using
modernizr.js and jQuery for animation in older
browsers 349
Summary 350
10 Borders and backgrounds with CSS3 351
Drop shadows with CSS3 352
Box shadows 352 ❍ Text shadows 356
Easy rounded corners 358
New features for background images 361
Background size 361 ❍ Multiple backgrounds 365
Background origin and clipping 369
Selective background scaling with border images 371
Basic border-image 372 ❍ Stretching and repeating
border-image sections 374 ❍ Using border-image to
create common effects 377
Creating gradients with CSS 378
Browser support 384
Cross-browser drop shadows 385 ❍ Cross-browser
CSS3 gradients 386 ❍ Cross-browser backgrounds and
border-image 387 ❍ Supporting old versions of Internet
Explorer 388 ❍ CSS3 PIE for easy IE support 390
Summary 391
11 Text and fonts 392
Basic web fonts 393
Gaining control of fonts with the @font-face rule 394
Font formats: EOT, TTF/OTF, and WOFF 398
Browser support for downloadable fonts 399
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contents xiii
Making your life easier with font services 400
Downloadable kits: FontSquirrel 400 ❍ Free font services:
Google Web Fonts 403 ❍ Subscription font services:
Fontdeck 405
Advanced web typography 407
font-size-adjust 407 ❍ Advanced font control 409
Text columns 416
Column count and width 416 ❍ Column spans 418
Gaps and rules 419
Wrapping and overflow 420
Word wrap 420 ❍ Text overflow 422
Browser support 423
Summary 423
Appendix A A history of web standards 425
Appendix B HTML basics 441
Appendix C CSS basics 467
Appendix D JavaScript 491
Index 523
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xiv contents
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xv
preface
I first saw the web in my final year of university in 1993-94. All the cool
kids (bear in mind, this was a Computer Science department) were play-
ing with a strange bit of software called Mosaic on their Sun 4 work-
stations. I had some fun with it and created my first web page (a guide to
Edinburgh pubs), but it didn’t strike me as anything more than a curios-
ity and it certainly didn’t measure up to “proper” document preparation
formats like LaTeX. It’s not the first time I’ve been completely wrong
about technology—and it won’t be the last!
I went back to experimenting with websites in 1997, a full-on blinking,
scrolling plethora of tacky animated gifs which is thankfully long lost. As
I learned more about the web I stopped seeing it as a poor-quality type-
setting system and started seeing it as a great equalizer. Not only was
visiting a web page something anyone could do, making a web page was also
something anyone could do. Since then I’ve been on a mission, not only to
learn as much as I can about making web pages, but to help others learn
how to make them, and this book is a natural extension of that mission.
HTML5 and CSS3 are fascinating to me not only because of their techni-
cal features, but because they represent growth in the web platform after
several years of stagnation. The more the web can do, the more content
can be shared across the world by ordinary people like you and me.
www.it-ebooks.info
xvi preface
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xvii
I’d like to thank my Mum for inspiring my lifelong love of books, my Dad
for inspiring my lifelong love of computers, and my brother for under-
writing my move to London and giving me a chance to get a full-time web
development job. Also sincere thanks to the rest of my family for being
there for me over the years.
A big thank you to Boyd Gilchrist who, while we were both at university,
patiently answered such questions as “What’s this web browser thing,
then?” and “HTML, what the fudge is that?” among many others I
couldn’t be bothered to research on my own in the pre-Google era. Also,
thanks to my other friends at university, especially Graham Barr who not
only put up with living with me for several years but also managed to
keep in touch long enough to read drafts of several chapters in this book.
I’d like to thank everyone at Net Resources, especially my tutor John
Ayscough; Richard O’Connor for giving me the subsequent placement
which was my first commercial web development experience; and Esther
Kuperij for talking him into it. My adventures in web standards have been
greatly aided by the vibrant London web developer community, particu-
larly the London Web Standards and London Web Meetup groups.
Troy Mott at Manning is the person who originally got me involved with
this book project, though at times I’m not sure whether to blame him or
thank him for that! But Troy and all the other people I’ve worked with at
Manning have been massively supportive throughout the writing and
production processes. I’d especially like to thank Katharine Osborne,
Candace Gillhoolley, Cynthia Kane, Bert Bates, Katie Tennant, Tiffany
acknowledgments
www.it-ebooks.info
xviii acknowledgments
Taylor, Martin Murtonen, Janet Vail, Mary Piergies, and of course
Marjan Bace, for making this book what it is.
Many people reviewed the manuscript at various stages of its develop-
ment, and I would like to thank all the MEAP readers who provided
comments in the forum as well as the following peer reviewers for their
invaluable feedback: ‘Anil’ Radhakrishna, Braj Panda, Brian R. Bondy,
Curtis Miller, Dave Nicolette, Dave Pawson, David McWhirter, Diane
C. Leeper, Edward Welker, Eric Pascarello, Gary Rasmussen, Greg
Donald, Greg Vaughn, James Hatheway, Jason Jung, Jason Kaczor,
John Griffin, Keith Kim, Kieran Mathieson, Lester Lobo, Lisa Morgan,
Mike Greenhalgh, Nikolaos Kaintantzis, Rudy Pena, Sarah Forst, Stu-
art Caborn, Tijs Rademakers, and Yvonne Adams. Special thanks to
Adam London for his careful technical review of the final manuscript
and for testing the code.
Finally, I’d like to acknowledge J. D. “Illiad” Fraser of User Friendly for
letting Manning use the User Friendly cartoon characters in the Hello!
series and for allowing me to put my own words in the characters’
mouths.
www.it-ebooks.info
xix
You should read this book if you’re interested in learning about the new
features in HTML5 and CSS3 available to web developers and enjoy an
example-driven, visual approach to learning. Readers in any of the fol-
lowing categories should find this book useful:
❂ Experienced web developers
❂ Novice web developers
❂ App developers (iPhone, Android, Windows 8 Metro)
❂ Interactive media designers
❂ Web designers
Different readers will find different parts of the book interesting. Please
see the later section “Book structure and suggested reading order” for
further guidelines on how to navigate the book.
Extra content for beginners
This book focuses on the new features of HTML5 and CSS3; as such it
expects the reader to have a little experience with their predecessors. But
we will take things slowly, especially in the early chapters, and each feature
discussed will come with example code you can try yourself. If you know
what tags are and what a CSS rule looks like, then you should have few
problems. If you’re new to web development, then you’ll benefit from the
short introduction to HTML and CSS in appendixes B and C.
To use many of the new features in HTML5, it is helpful to have some
knowledge of JavaScript. If you are a complete beginner, then you will
about this book
www.it-ebooks.info
xx about this book
still find this book useful as it mostly uses small examples which are
easy to experiment with. Appendix D is provided to get you started in
JavaScript.
Book structure and suggested reading order
This book is split into two sections: part 1 concentrates on HTML5 and
part 2 on CSS3. The HTML5 section has chapters on the new markup
features of HTML5, forms and form validation, HTML5’s new dynamic
graphics capabilities, using video and audio, new JavaScript APIs for
client-side development, and new APIs related to networking. As a
rough guideline, the early chapters require little-to-no knowledge of
JavaScript, with each successive chapter building your knowledge
base. The second section starts with a couple of chapters on the nuts
and bolts of CSS3 and selectors, followed by chapters on layout, motion
and color, borders and backgrounds, and fonts and text formatting.
Most of the chapters are self-contained,
although there are a few dependencies.
The following chapter diagrams show a
few suggested reading orders, based on your role and what you expect
to get out of the book. Each diagram consists of chapter numbers in
boxes as well as the recommended and optional steps, which are indi-
cated by two types of arrows as shown in the key above.
If you are a ... Read chapters in this order
WEB DEVELOPER
If you’re a web developer looking to get up to speed,
then you should have no problem reading the chap-
ters in numerical order. The CSS used in chapters 2
through 6 should be easy for you to follow. If you’re
interested in the history of HTML and the standards
process, then you can read appendix A before you
dive in. It’s likely that appendixes B through D are
not going to tell you anything you don’t already know,
so there’s no need to bother with them.
start
here 1 2 3 4
5
6
7
8
9
11
A
10
www.it-ebooks.info
about this book xxi
NOVICE WEB DEVELOPER
If you’re a novice web developer, then a slightly dif-
ferent approach is recommended. Again, read
appendix A only if you’re interested in history, but do
read appendixes B, C, and D if you have little-to-no
experience with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Read
appendix C and chapter 7 right after chapter 1 to
build your familiarity with CSS so that the limited
amount of CSS used in chapters 2 through 6
doesn’t hold you back.
APP DEVELOPER
If your goal is to be an app developer, either target-
ing mobile devices or Windows 8 Metro style apps,
then the key chapters for you are 1 through 6 which
concentrate on the markup and programming
platform provided by HTML5. Include appendixes B
and D plus chapter 7 if you’re coming to HTML5 from
another platform. Chapter 8 discusses CSS layout,
which will be useful for apps. This diagram assumes
a graphic designer will handle the detailed design
work, so chapters 9 through 11 are not shown.
INTERACTIVE MEDIA DESIGNER
If you’re an interactive media designer who is a
heavy user of Flash for media, animation, or
interactive content, then you can safely skip chapters
2, 5, and 6. Chapter 3 deals with dynamic graphics
and 4 with audio and video, and chapters 9 and 10
deal with the more visual-impact aspects of CSS3.
Chapter 8 on layout will be of less interest to you,
but chapter 11 covers using custom fonts, so you
may want to read that section.
WEB DESIGNER
If you’re a pure web designer with no interest in
JavaScript, then you can read the book while
avoiding most of the code. Any snippets of
JavaScript you’ll come across in chapters 1 and 7
through 11 can be ignored unless you want to try
replicating CSS3 effects in JavaScript for
backwards compatibility.
If you are a ... Read chapters in this order
start
here 1
A B C d 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 11
10
start
here 1
A B
C
d
2 3
4
5
6
7
8
start
here
A B C
d
1 3 4
7
11 9
10
start
here
A B C
1 7 8
11
9
10
www.it-ebooks.info
xxii about this book
Characters and conventions
This book uses many graphic elements and typographical conventions
to guide you and help you learn about HTML5 and CSS3. This section
summarizes what you can expect to see.
CHARACTERS
You’ll be helped along by the characters from the popular User Friendly
cartoons. In case you’re not familiar with this web comic, let me intro-
duce each of the characters and explain their roles in this book.
A.J. is the Columbia Internet Web Developer. He loves com-
puter games, nifty art, and has a big-brother relationship with
the Dust Puppy. He’ll be your main guide through HTML5 and
CSS3, pointing out gotchas and giving you extra tips.
The Dust Puppy was born inside of a network server, a result
of the combination of dust, lint, and quantum events. He is
wide-eyed and innocent, with no real grasp of reality, but he’s
pretty cute and people love him. In this book, Dust Puppy’s
main role will be to help you move from one topic to the next,
summarizing what you’ve just learned and letting you know
what’s coming next.
Erwin is a highly advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) that
resides somewhere on the network. He was created overnight
by the Dust Puppy, who was feeling kind of bored. Erwin will
help out whenever something needs looking up on the internet
or when you need to think like a computer.
Miranda is a trained Systems Technologist and an experienced
UNIX sysadmin. A.J. is her boyfriend and she’ll be helping him
out throughout the book.
www.it-ebooks.info
about this book xxiii
Greg is in charge of Technical Support at the company. He has
broad technical knowledge but no expertise in web develop-
ment. A.J. is helping him learn about web development, and
he’ll ask questions when A.J. isn’t being clear.
Stef works as the Corporate Sales Manager. He can’t under-
stand the way techies think, so he doesn’t get very far with
them. Although he admires the power of Microsoft’s marketing
muscle, he has a problem with Microsoft salesmen, probably
because they make much more money than he does.
Mike works as a System Administrator, and is responsible for
the smooth running of the network at the office. He will help us
out whenever we need to understand some details of server-side
setup.
Sid is a self-described “lichen of the tech-forest floor,” a long-
lived, deeply experienced and acerbic observer of the geek
gestalt. His history in computing involved vacuum tubes and,
later, punch cards. He carries with him an air of compassion
mixed with disdain for the younger geeks around him.
Pitr works with Mike as a System Administrator. For some rea-
son he always wears dark glasses and has adopted a guttural
Eastern European accent. Pitr will take some time out from his
plans for world domination to keep A.J. in his place and to
demonstrate that attention to minor technical details that makes
geeks so well loved.
Crud Puppy is Dust Puppy’s evil twin and nemesis, born from
the crud in Stef’s keyboard. Whenever we need an antagonist,
Crud Puppy will be happy to oblige.
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xxiv about this book
CARTOONS & DIAGRAMS
There are many cartoons and diagrams in this book. The cartoons are
based on the actual User Friendly comic strips. Their intent is humorous
rather than educational as they poke fun at various aspects of web
development. A sample cartoon is shown below.
Diagrams are part of the text; they present information that’s easier to
understand in pictorial form. An example diagram follows.
CODE LISTINGS & SNIPPETS
Code listings and snippets and any occurrence of code in the text will
appear in the LucidaMonoEF font. Here is a typical code snippet:
<body>
<p>HTML5 and CSS3</p>
</body>
KEY FEATURES WILL BE
HIGHLIGHTED LIKE THIS.
DIAGRAMS WILL OFTEN BE DISCUSSED
BY CHARACTERS. LIKE THIS.
www.it-ebooks.info
Another Random Document on
Scribd Without Any Related Topics
"My granddaughter met Gizl, you'll recall," Doc Bendy said. "Either
this one or one like him. We don't know yet whether Gizl is a
personal name or a generic one."
"Let's find out," Don said. He sat down at the table and began to
form squares into a question.
"Wait a minute." Doc Bendy broke up Don's sequence. "The
amenities first. Spell out 'Greetings,' or some such things. Manners,
boy."
"Sorry." Don started over. He spelled Greetings, then Alis Garet, then
Don Cort, and pointed from the squares to Alis and himself. "I
assume you've already introduced yourself?" he asked Bendy.
Bendy nodded and the kangaroo-like creature inclined his furry head
in acknowledgment to Alis and Don. Then he—Don had already
stopped thinking of the creature as an "it"—formed two words with
his tapering, black-nailed fingers.
Pleasant, he communicated. "Gizl." And he tapped his chest.
Don turned to Bendy. "Now can I ask him?"
"With His Majesty's permission," Bendy said solemnly.
Hector nodded. Don left the three names intact, distributing the rest,
then put three squares together to spell Man. He pointed to the
word and then to Civek, Bendy, Alis and himself, excluding the
creature.
"Well, I like that!" Alis said. "Do I look like a man?"
"Let's keep it simple, woman," Don said.
The creature nodded and pointed again to Gizl, then to himself, "He
doesn't understand," Don said.
"It's quite possible his people don't have individual names," Bendy
said. "Let's call him Gizl for now and go on."
"Okay." Don thought for a moment, then formed a question. "Might
as well get basic," he said.
Q. Are you from earth.
A. No.
At the risk of irritating the others, Don repeated the questions and
answers aloud for the benefit of his eavesdropper in the Pentagon.
Q. Are you from solar system
A. Not yours
Q. When did you reach earth
A. 1948 your calendar
Q. Why
A. Friendship
Q. Why has no one seen you sooner
A. Fear
Q. You mean you frightened our people
A. No I mean fear of your people
Q. Why
A. Gizl resemble earth animals
Q. Was superior the first place you landed
A. No
Q. Where was it
A. Australia
"The home of the kangaroo," Doc Bendy said. "No wonder they had
a bad time. I can imagine some stockman in the outback taking
umbrage at a kangaroo asserting its equality. Let me talk to him a
while, Don."
Q. How many are there of you
A. Many
Q. How many
A. No specific comment
Q. Are you responsible for raising superior
A. Entirely
Q. How
A. Impossible to explain with these
Q. Where is superior going
A. East for now
Q. And later
A. No specific comment
Q. 3000 lives are in your hands
A. Gizls have no malevolent designs
Q. Thanks. You said friendship brought you. What else.
A. Trade. Cultural exchange
Q. What have you to trade
A. Will discuss this later with duly constituted authority
Q. Who. King Hector
A. Terminating interview with good will assurances
"Wait," Alis said. "I haven't had a chance to talk to him." She formed
letters into words. "I don't think he's being very frank with us but I
have a few random questions."
Q. How many sexes have Gizls
A. Three
Q. Male female and
A. Neuter
Q. Are there babies among you
A. Babies are neuter and develop according to need
Q. Confidentially what do you think of fathers science
A. Unfathomable our meager knowledge
Q. Flatterer
A. Ending conversation with pleasant regard
Q. Likewise
Gizl slid back his chair and got up. King Hector stood and bowed as
Gizl, who had nodded politely to each in turn, walked manlike,
without hopping, to a corner of the room which then sank out of
sight.
"He's quite a guy, that Gizl," Hector said, taking off his crown and
putting it on the table. "Makes me sweat," he said, wiping his
forehead.
"Are you the duly constituted authority?" Bendy asked him.
"Who else? Somebody's got to be in charge till we get Superior back
to Earth."
"Sure," Bendy said, "but you don't have to rig yourself up in ermine.
I also have a sneaking suspicion that you aren't exactly anxious to
get Superior down in a hurry."
"I'll overlook that remark for old time's sake. But I defend the
kingship. A show of force was necessary to prevent crime from
running rampant."
"Maybe," Bendy said. "Anyhow I appreciate your frankness in
introducing us to Gizl and what he modestly describes as his meager
knowledge. Since you've already admitted that he's the one who
provided the big feed, will you ease Alis's mind now and assure her
that what she was eating wasn't Negusburger?"
"Negusburger?" The king laughed. "Is that what you thought, Alis?"
"Not really," she said. "But I couldn't help wondering where all the
food came from all of a sudden."
"Over here." The king led them to the corner where Gizl had sunk
from sight. The top of the elevator, now level with the floor, blended
exactly with the linoleum tile. "I don't know how it works, but Gizl
and his people have their headquarters down there somewhere. All I
have to do is place the order and up comes food or whatever I need.
Would you like to try it?"
"Love to," Bendy said. "What shall I ask for?"
"Anything."
"Anything?"
"Anything at all."
"Well." Bendy looked impressed. "This will take a moment of
thought. How about a gallon—no, as long as I'm asking I might as
well ask for a keg—of rum, 151 proof."
Up it came, complete with spigot and tankard.
"Fabulous!" Bendy said. He rolled it out of the elevator and the
elevator went down again.
"Let me try!" Alis said. "If Doc can get a keg, I ought to be able to
have—oh, say a pint of Channel No. 5. Would that be too
extravagant?"
"A simple variation in formula, I should think," the king said.
What came up for Alis didn't look in the least like an expensive Paris
perfume. In fact, it looked like a lard pail with a quantity of liquid
sloshing lazily in it. But its aroma belied its looks.
"Oh, heaven!" Alis said. "Smell it!" She lifted it by its handle, stuck a
finger in it and rubbed behind each ear.
"It's a bit overpowering by the pint," Bendy said. He'd drained off
part of a tankard of rum and looked quite at peace with the world.
"You'd better get yourself a chaperone, Alis, if you're going to carry
that around with you."
"I'll admit they're not very good in the packaging department, but
that's just a quibble. Could I have—how many ounces in a pint?—
sixteen one-ounce stoppered bottles? And a little funnel?"
"Easiest thing in the world," the king said. "Don? Anything you'd like
at the same time? Save it a trip."
"I've got an idea, Your Majesty, but I don't know whether you'd
approve. Even though I work in a bank, I've never seen a ten
thousand dollar bill. Do you think they could whip one up?"
"I really don't know," Hector said. "It could upset the economy if we
let the money get out of hand. But we can always send it right back.
Let's see what happens."
The elevator came up with the bottles, the funnel and a green and
gold bill.
It was, on the face of it, a ten thousand dollar bill. But the portrait
was that of Hector Civek, crowned and ermined. And the legend on
it was:
"Payable to Bearer on Demand, Ten Thousand Dollars. This Note is
Legal Tender for all Debts, Public and Private, and is Redeemable in
Lawful Money at the Treasury of the Kingdom of Superior. (Signed)
Gizl, Secretary of the Treasury."
X
Don didn't know what he might learn by skulking around the
freezing grounds of Hector's palace in the faint moonlight. He hoped
for a glimpse of the kangaroo-Gizl to see if he were as sincere off-
guard as he had been during their interview.
But his peering into basement windows had revealed nothing, and
he was about to head back to the campus for a night's sleep when
someone called his name.
It was a girl's voice, from above. He looked up. Red-headed Geneva
Jervis was leaning out of one of the second-story windows.
"Well, hello," he said. "What are you doing up there?"
"I've sworn fealty," she said. "Come on up."
"What?" he said. "How?"
She disappeared from his sight, then reappeared. "Here." She
dropped a rope ladder.
Don climbed it, feeling Like Romeo. "Where'd you get this?"
"They've got them in all the rooms. Fire escapes. Old McFerson was
a precautious man, evidently." She pulled the rope back in.
Jen Jervis had a spacious bedroom. She wore a dressing gown.
"What do you mean, you swore fealty?" Don asked. "To Hector?"
"Sure. What better way to find out what he's up to? Besides, I was
getting fed up with that dormitory at Cavalier. No privacy. House
mothers creeping around all the time. Want a drink?"
Don saw that she had a half-full glass on the dresser. Next to the
glass stood a bottle of bourbon with quite a bit gone from it.
"Why not?" he said. "Let's drink and be merry, for tomorrow we may
freeze to death."
"Or be shot down by Reds." She poured him a stiff one. "Here's to
happy endings."
He sipped his drink and she swallowed half of hers.
"I didn't picture you as the drinking type, Jen."
"Revise the picture. Come sit down." She backed to the big double
bed and relaxed into it, lying on one elbow.
Don sat next to her, but upright. "Tell me about this fealty deal.
What did you have to do?"
"Oh, renounce my American citizenship and swear to protect
Superior against all enemies, foreign and domestic. The usual thing."
"Have you got a title yet? Are you Dame Jervis?"
"Not yet." She smiled. "I think I'm on probation. They know I'm
close to Bobby and they'd like to have him on their side, for all their
avowed independence. They're not so terribly convinced that
Superior's going to stay up forever. They're hedging their bets, it
looks to me."
"It looks to me that maybe Bobby Thebold might not understand.
He's the kind of man who demands absolute fealty, from what I've
seen of him."
"Oh, to hell with Bobby Thebold." Jen took another swallow. "He's
not here. He's had plenty of time to come, if he was going to, and
he hasn't. To hell with him. Let me get you another drink."
"No, thanks. This will do me fine." He drank it and set the empty
glass on the floor. Jen drank off the last of hers and put her glass
next to his.
"Relax," she said. "I'm not going to bite you." She lay back and her
dressing gown opened in a V as far as the belt. She obviously wasn't
wearing anything under the gown.
Don looked away self-consciously.
Jen laughed. "What's the matter, boy? No red blood?" She rolled
herself off the end of the bed and went to the dresser. "Another
drink?"
"Don't you think you've had enough?"
She shook her red hair violently. "Drinking is as drinking does.
Trouble is, nobody's doing anything."
"Exactly. Everybody's acting as if Superior's one big pleasure dome.
Civek's on the throne and all's well with his little world. Even you've
joined the parade. Why? I don't buy that double-agent explanation."
She was looking in the bureau mirror at the reflection of the top of
her head, peering up from under her eyebrows. "I'm going to have
to touch up the tresses pretty soon or I won't be a redhead any
more." She looked at his reflection. "You don't like me, do you,
Donny-boy?"
"I never said that."
"You don't have to say it. But I don't blame you. I don't like myself
sometimes. I'm a cold fish. A cold, dedicated fish. Or I was. I've
decided to change my ways."
"I can see that."
"Can you?" She turned around and leaned against the bureau,
holding her glass. "How do you see me now?"
"As an attractive woman with a glass in her hand. I wonder which is
doing the talking."
"Rhetorical questions at this time of night, Donny? I think it's me
talking, not the whisky. We'll know better in the sober light of
morning, won't we?"
"If that's an invitation," Don began, "I'm afraid—"
Her eyes blazed at him. "I think you're the rudest man I ever met.
And the most boorish." She tossed off the rest of her drink, then
began to cry.
"Now, Jen—" He went to her and patted her shoulder awkwardly.
"Oh, Don." She put her head against his chest and wept. His arms
automatically went around her, comfortingly.
Then he realized that Jen's muffled sobs were going direct to the
Pentagon through his transceiver. That piece of electronics
equipment taped to his skin, he told himself, was the least of the
reasons why he could not have accepted Jen's invitation—if it had
been an invitation.
He lifted her chin from his chest to spare the man in the Pentagon
any further sobs, which must have been reaching him in crescendo.
Jen's face was tear-stained. She looked into his eyes for a second,
then fastened her mouth firmly on his.
There was nothing a gentleman could do, Don thought, except
return the kiss. Rude, was he?
Jen broke away first. "What's that?" she said.
Don opened his eyes and his glance went automatically to the door.
It would not have surprised him to see King Hector coming through
it in his royal night clothes. But Jen was staring out the window. He
turned.
The sky was bright as day over in the direction of the golf course.
Don made out a pinpoint of brighter light.
"It's a star shell," he said. "A flare."
They went to the window and leaned out, looking past a corner of
the bubble gum factory.
"What's it for?" Jen asked.
Don pointed. "There. That's what for."
"A blimp!" she said. "It's landing!"
"Is it an Air Force job? I can't make out the markings."
"I think I can," Jen said. "They're—PP."
"Private Pilots! Senator Bobby the Bold!"
Jen Jervis clutched his arm. "S.O.B.!" she whispered fiercely.
Don Cort was down the rope fire escape and away from the mansion
before it woke up to the invasion. As he crossed the railroad spur he
had a glimpse of Jen Jervis hauling up the rope and of lights going
on elsewhere in the building. There was a lot of whistle-blowing and
shouting and a lone shot which didn't seem to be aimed at him.
Don waited at the spur, behind a boxcar, to see how the Hectorites
would react to the landing of the blimp, A few men gathered at the
front gate and looked nervously into the sky and toward the golf
course. Others joined them, armed with shotguns, pistols, and a rifle
or two, but not with King Hector's paralysis gadget.
It was clear that Hector had no intention of starting a battle. His
men apparently were under orders only to guard the mansion and
the bubble gum factory. No one even went to see what the blimp
was up to.
Don found as he neared the golf course that the people from the
blimp apparently had no immediate plan to attack, either. He found a
sand trap to lie down in. From it he could watch without being seen.
The star shell had died out but he could see the blimp silhouetted
against the sky. Men in battle dress were establishing a perimeter
around the clubhouse. Each carried a weapon of some kind. It was
all very dim.
Don remembered his communicator. "Cort here," he said softly. "Do
you read me?"
"Affirmative," a voice said. Don didn't recognize it. He described the
landing and asked, "Is this an authorized landing or is it Senator
Thebold's private party?"
"Negative," said the voice from the Pentagon, irritatingly GI.
"Negative what?" Don said. "You mean Thebold is leading it?"
"Affirmative," said the voice.
"What's he up to?" Don asked.
"Negative," the voice said.
Don blew up. "If you mean you don't know, why the hell don't you
say so? Who is this, anyhow?"
"This happens to be Major Johns, the O.O.D., Sergeant, and if you
know what's good for you—"
Don stopped listening because a man in battle dress, apparently
attracted by his voice, was standing on the green, looking down into
the bunker where Don lay, pointing a carbine at him.
"I'll have to hang up now, Major," Don said quietly. "Something
negative has just happened to me. I've been captured."
The man with the carbine shouted down to Don, "Okay, come out
with your hands over your head."
Don did so. He hoped he was doing it affirmatively enough. He had
no wish to be shot by one of the Senator's men, regardless of
whether that man was authorized or unauthorized.
Senator Thebold sat at a desk in the manager's office of the Raleigh
Country Club. He wore a leather trench coat and a fur hat. Wing
commander's insignia glittered on his shoulders and a cartridge belt
was buckled around his waist. A holster hung from it but Thebold
had the heavy .45 on the desk in front of it. He motioned to Don to
sit down. Two guards stood at the door.
"Name?" Thebold snapped.
Don decided to use his own name but pretend to be a local yokel.
"Donald Cort."
"What were you doing out there?"
"I saw the lights."
"Who were you talking to in the sand trap?"
"Nobody. I sometimes talk to myself."
"Oh, you do. Do you ever talk to yourself about a man named
Osbert Garet or Hector Civek?" Thebold looked at a big map of
Superior that had been pinned to the wall, thus giving Don the
benefit of his strong profile.
"Hector's the king now," Don said. "Things got pretty bad before
that but we got enough to eat now."
"Where did the food come from?"
Don shrugged.
Thebold drummed his fingers on the desk. "You're not exactly a
fount of information, are you? What do you do for a living?"
"I used to work in the gum factory but I got laid off."
"Do you know Geneva Jervis?"
"Who's he?" Don said innocently.
Thebold stood up in irritation. "Take this man to O. & I.," he said to
one of the guards. "We've got to make a start some place. Are there
any others?"
"Four or five," the guard said.
"Send me the brightest-looking one. Give this one and the rest a
meal and a lecture and turn them loose. It doesn't look as if Civek is
going to give us any trouble right away and there isn't too much we
can do before daylight."
The guard led Don out of the room and pinned a button on his lapel.
It said: Bobby the Bold in Peace and War.
"What's O. & I.?" Don asked him.
"Orientation and Integration. Nobody's going to hurt you. We're here
to end partition, that's all."
"End partition?"
"Like in Ireland. Keep Superior in the U. S. A. They'll tell you all
about it at O. & I. Then you tell your friends. Want some more
buttons?"
Don was fed, lectured, and released, as promised.
Early the next morning, after a cup of coffee with Alis Garet at
Cavalier's cafeteria, he started back for the golf course. Alis, in a
class-cutting mood, went with him.
The glimpses of the Thebold Plan which Don had had from O. & I.
were being put into practice. Reilly Street, which provided a
boundary line between Raleigh Country Club and the gum-factory
property, had been transformed into a midway.
The Thebold forces had strung bunting and set up booths along the
south side of the street. Hector's men, apparently relieved to find
that the battle was to be psychological rather than physical, rushed
to prepare rival attractions on their side. A growing crowd thronged
the center of Reilly Street. Some wore Thebold buttons. Some wore
other buttons, twice as big, with a smiling picture of Hector I on
them. Some wore both.
The sun was bright but the air was bitingly cold. As a result one of
the most popular booths was on Hector's side of the street where
Cheeky McFerson was giving away an apparently inexhaustible
supply of hand-warmers. Cheeky urged everybody to take two, one
for each pocket, and threw in handfuls of bubble gum.
Two of Hector's men set up ladders and strung a banner across two
store-fronts. It said in foot-high letters: Kingdom of Superior, Land of
Plenty.
A group of Thebold troubleshooters watched, then rushed away and
reappeared with brushes and paint. They transformed an advertising
sign to read, in letters two feet high: Superior, U.S.A., Home of the
Free.
Hawkers on opposite sides of the midway vied to give away hot
dogs, boiled ears of corn, steaming coffee, hot chocolate, candy
bars, and popcorn.
"There's a smart one." Alis pointed to a sign in Thebold territory. The
Gripe Room it said over a vacant store. The Senator's men had set
up desks and chairs inside and long lines had already formed.
Apparently a powerful complaint had been among the first to be
registered because a Thebold man was galvanized into action. He
ran out of the store and within minutes the sign painters were at
work again. Their new banner, hoisted to dry in the sun, proclaimed:
Blimp Mail.
Underneath, in smaller letters, it said: How long since you've heard
from your loved ones on Earth? The Thebold Blimp will carry your
letters and small packages. Direct daily connections with U. S. Mail.
"You have to admire them," Alis said. "They're really organized."
"One's as bad as the other," Don said. Impartially, he was eating a
Hector hot dog and drinking Thebold coffee. "Have you noticed the
guns in the upstairs windows?"
"No. You mean on the Senator's side?"
"Both sides. Don't stare."
"I see them now. Do you see any Gizl-sticks? The thing Hector used
on Negus?"
"No. Just conventional old rifles and shotguns. Let's hope nobody
starts anything."
"Look," Alis said, grabbing Don by the arm. "Isn't that Ed Clark going
into the Gripe Room?"
"It sure is. Gathering material for another powerful editorial, I
guess."
But within minutes Clark's visit had provoked another bustle of
activity. Two of Thebold's men dashed out of the renovated store
and off toward the country club. They came back with the Senator
himself, making his first public appearance.
Thebold strode down the center of the midway, wearing his soft
aviator's helmet with the goggles pushed up on his forehead and his
silk scarf fluttering behind him. A group of small boys followed him,
imitating his self-confident walk and scrambling occasionally for the
Thebold buttons he threw to them. The Senator went into the Gripe
Room.
"Looks as if Ed has wangled an interview with the great man
himself," Alis said.
"You didn't say anything to Clark about our talk with the Gizl, did
you?"
"I did mention it to him," Alis said. "Was that bad?"
"Half an hour ago I would have said no. Now I'm not so sure."
A speaker's platform had been erected on the Senator's side of Reilly
Street, and now canned but stirring band music was blaring out of a
loudspeaker. Thebold came out of the Gripe Room and mounted the
platform. A fair-sized crowd was waiting to hear him.
Thebold raised his arms as if he were stilling a tumult. The music
died away and Thebold spoke.
"My good friends and fellow Americans," the Senator began.
Then a Hectorite sound-apparatus started to blare directly across the
street. The sound of hammering added to the disruption as workmen
began to set up a rival speaker's platform. Then the music on the
north side of Reilly Street became a triumphal march and Hector I
made his entrance.
Thebold spoke on doggedly. Don heard an occasional phrase
through the din. "... reunion with the U. S. A. ... end this un-
American, this literal partition ..."
But many in the crowd had turned to watch Hector, who was
magnificent and warm-looking in his ermine robe.
"Loyal subjects of Superior, I exhort you not to listen to this outsider
who has come to meddle in our affairs," Hector said. "What can he
offer that your king has not provided? You have security,
inexhaustible food supplies and, above all, independence!"
Thebold increased his volume and boomed:
"Ah, but do you have independence, my friends? Ask your puppet
king who provides this food—and for what price? And how secure do
you feel as you whip through the atmosphere like an unguided
missile? You're over the Atlantic now. Who knows at what second
the controls may break down and dump us all into the freezing
water?"
Hector pushed his crown back on his head as if it were a derby hat.
"Who asked the Senator here? Let me remind you that he does not
even represent our former—and I emphasize former—State of Ohio.
We all know him as a political adventurer, but never before has he
attempted to meddle in the affairs of another country!"
"And you know what lies beyond Western Europe," Thebold said.
"Eastern Europe and Russia. Atheistic, communistic Red Russia. Is
that where you'd like to come down? For that's where you're
heading under Hector Civek's so-called leadership. King Hector, he
calls himself. Let me remind you, friends, that if there is anything the
Soviet Russians hate more than a democracy, it's a monarchy! I
don't like to think what your chances would be if you came down in
Kremlinland. Remember what they did to the Czars."
Then Senator Bobby Thebold played his ace:
"But there's an even worse possibility, my poor misguided friends.
And that's for the creatures behind Hector Civek to decide to go
back home—and take off into outer space. Has Hector told you
about the creatures? He has not. Has he told you they're aliens from
another planet? He has not. Some of you have seen them—these
kangaroo-like creatures who, for their own nefarious purposes, made
Hector what he is today.
"But, my friends, these are not the cute and harmless kangaroos
that abound in the land of our friendly ally, Australia. No. These are
intelligent alien beings who have no use for us at all, and who have
brazenly stolen a piece of American territory and are now in the
process of making off with it."
A murmur came from the crowd and they looked over their
shoulders at Hector, whose oratory had run down and who seemed
unsure how to answer.
"Yes, my friends," Thebold went on, "you may well wonder what
your fate will be in the hands of that power-mad ex-mayor of yours.
A few thousand feet more of altitude and Superior will run out of air.
Then you'll really be free of the good old U.S.A. because you'll be
dead of suffocation. That, my friends—"
At that point somebody took a shot at Senator Bobby Thebold. It
missed him, breaking a second-story window behind him.
Immediately a Thebold man behind that window smashed the rest of
the glass and fired back across Reilly Street, over the heads of the
crowd.
People screamed and ran. Don grabbed Alis and pulled her away
from the immediate zone of fire. They looked back from behind a
truck which, until a minute ago, had been dispensing hot buttered
popcorn.
"Hostilities seem to have commenced," Alis said. She gave a nervous
laugh. "I guess it's my fault for blabbing to Ed Clark."
"It was bound to happen, sooner or later," Don said. "I hope nobody
gets hurt."
Evidently neither Thebold nor Hector personally had any such
intention. Both had clambered down from the platforms and
disappeared. Most of the crowd had fled too, heading east toward
the center of town, but a few, like Alis and Don, had merely taken
cover and were waiting to see what would happen next.
Sporadic firing continued. Then there was a concentration of
shooting from the Senator's side, and a dozen or more of Thebold's
men made a quick rush across the street and into the stores and
buildings on the north side. In a few minutes they returned, under
another protective burst, with prisoners.
"Slick," Don said. "Hector's being outmaneuvered."
"I wonder why the Gizls aren't helping him."
The Thebold loudspeaker came to life. "Attention!" it boomed in the
Senator's voice. "Anyone who puts down his arms will be given safe
conduct to the free side of Reilly Street. Don't throw away your life
for a dictator. Come over to the side of Americanism and common
sense." There was a pause, and the voice added: "No reprisals."
The firing stopped.
The Thebold loudspeaker began to play On the Sunny Side of the
Street.
But nobody crossed over. Nor was there any further firing from
Hector's side.
Lay Down Your Arms, the loudspeaker blared in another tune from
tin-pan alley.
When it became clear that Hector's forces had withdrawn completely
from the Reilly Street salient, Thebold's men crossed in strength.
They worked their way block by block to the grounds of the bubble
gum factory and proceeded to lay siege to it.
With Hector Civek immobilized, Senator Bobby Thebold went looking
for Geneva Jervis, accompanied by two armed guards.
He was trailed by the usual pack of small boys, several of them
dressed in imitation of their hero, in helmets, silk-like scarves and
toy guns at hips.
Alis, unable to reach the besieged palace to see if her father was
safe, had asked Don to go back with her to Cavalier after the Battle
of Reilly Street. Her mother told Alis that the professor was not only
safe on the campus but had resigned his post as Royal Astronaut at
Hector's court.
"Father broke with Hector?" Alis asked. "Good for him! But why?"
"He and Dr. Rubach just up and walked out," Mrs. Garet said. "That's
all I know. Your father never explains these things to me. But if my
intuition means anything, the professor is up to one of his tricks
again. He's been locked up in his lab all day."
The campus had an air of expectancy about it. Students and
instructors went from building to building, exchanging knowing looks
or whispered conversations.
A rally was in progress in front of the Administration Building when
Senator Thebold arrived. Don and Alis joined the group of listeners
for camouflage and pretended to pay attention to what the speaker,
an intense young man on the back of a pickup truck, was saying.
"The time has come," he said, "for men and women of, uh,
perspicacity to shun the extremes and tread the middle path. To
avoid excesses as represented on the one hand by the, uh,
paternalistic dictatorship of the Hectorites, and on the other by the,
uh, pseudo-democracy of Senator Thebold which resorts to force
when thwarted. I proclaim, therefore, the course of reason, the way
of science and truth as exemplified by the, uh, the Garet-Rubach, uh
—"
Senator Thebold had been listening at the edge of the little crowd.
He spoke up.
"The Garet-Rubach Axis?" he suggested.
The speaker gave him a cold stare. "And who are you?"
"Senator Robert Thebold, representing pseudo-democracy, as you
call it. Speak on, my young friend. Like Voltaire, I will defend to the
death—but you know what Voltaire said."
"Yes, sir," the speaker said, abashed. "No offense intended, Senator."
"Of course you intended offense," Thebold said. "Stick to your guns,
man. Free academic discussion must never be curtailed. But at the
moment I'm more interested in meeting your Professor Garet. Where
is he?"
"In—in the bell tower, sir. Right over there." He pointed. "But you
can't go in. No one can." He looked at Alis as if for confirmation. She
shook her head.
"We'll see about that," the Senator said. "Carry on with your free
and open discussion. And remember, stick to your guns. Sorry I can't
stay."
He headed for the bell tower, followed by his guards.
Alis waited till he had gone in, then tugged at Don's sleeve. "Come
on. Let's see the fun."
"Alis," the speaker called to her, "was that really Senator Thebold?"
"Sure was. But what's this Garet-Rubach Axis? What's everybody up
to?"
"Not Axis. That was Thebold's propaganda word. It's a movement of
—oh, never mind. You don't appreciate your own father."
"You can say that again. Come on, Don."
As Alis closed the door to the bell tower behind them, they heard
Professor Garet's voice from above.
"Attention interlopers," it said. "You have come unasked and now
you find yourself paralyzed, unable to move a muscle except to
breathe."
"Stay down here," Alis whispered. "There's a sort of vestibule one
flight up. That's where Thebold must have got it. Father spends all
his spare time guarding his holy of holies. Nobody gets past the
vestibule." She frowned. "But I didn't know he had a paralysis thing,
too."
"He probably swiped it from Hector before he broke with him," Don
said.
Professor Garet's voice came again. "I shall now pass among you
and relieve you of your weapons. Why, if it isn't Senator Thebold and
his strong-arm crew! I'm honored, Senator. Here we are: three
archaic .45's disposed of. Very soon now you'll have the pleasure of
seeing a scientific weapon in action."
Don, standing with Alis on the steps of the Administration Building,
didn't know whether to be impressed or amused by the giant
machine Professor Garet had assembled. It was mounted on the flat
bed of an old Reo truck, and various parts of it went skyward in a
dozen directions. Garet had driven it onto the campus from a big
shed behind the bell tower.
The machine's crowning glory was a big bowl-shaped sort of thing
that didn't quite succeed in looking like a radar scanner. It was at the
end of a universal joint which permitted it to aim in any direction.
"What's it supposed to do?" Don asked.
"From what I gather," Alis said, "it's Hector's paralysis thing, adapted
for distance. Only of course nobody admits Father stole it. It's
supposed to have antigravity powers, too, like whatever it was that
took Superior up in the first place. Naturally I don't believe a word of
it."
"But where's he going with it?"
"He's ready to take on all comers, I gather. Please don't try to make
sense out of it. It's only Father."
The young man who had addressed the student rally took over the
driver's seat and Professor Garet hoisted himself into a bucket seat
at the rear of the truck near a panel which presumably operated the
machine. Maynard Rubach sat next to the driver. The small army of
dedicated students who had been assembling fell in behind the
truck. They were unarmed, except with faith.
Senator Thebold and his two former bodyguards, de-paralyzed, sat
trussed up in the back of a weapons carrier, looking disgusted with
everything.
"Are we ready?" Professor Garet called.
A cheer went up.
"Then on to the enemy—in the name of science!"
Don shook his head. "But even if this crazy machine could knock out
Hector's and Thebold's men and the Garet-Rubach Axis reigns
supreme, then what? Does he claim he can get Superior back to
Earth?"
Alis said only, "Please, Don ..."
The forces of science were ready to roll. There had been an
embarrassing moment when the old Reo's engine died, but a student
worked a crank with a will and it roared back to life.
The Garet machine, the weapons carrier and the foot soldiers moved
off the campus and onto Shaws Road toward Broadway and the
turn-off for the country club.
They met an advance party of the Thebold forces just north of
McEntee Street. There were about twenty of them, armed with
carbines and submachine guns. As soon as they spotted the weird
armada from Cavalier they dropped to the ground, weapons aimed.
Senator Thebold rose in his seat. "Hold your fire!" he shouted to his
men. "We don't shoot women, children, or crackpots." He said to
Professor Garet, "All right, mastermind, untie me."
XI
A submarine surfaced on the Atlantic, far below Superior.
It was obvious to the commander of the submarine, which bore the
markings of the Soviet Union, that the runaway town of Superior,
being populated entirely by capitalist madmen, was a menace to
humanity. The submarine commander made a last-minute check with
the radio room, then gave the order to launch the guided missiles
which would rid the world of this menace.
The first missile sped skyward.
Superior immediately took evasive action.
First, in its terrific burst of acceleration, everybody was knocked flat.
Next, Superior sped upward for a few hundred feet and everybody
was crushed to the ground.
At the same time the first missile, which was now where Superior
would have been had it maintained its original course, exploded. A
miniature mushroom cloud formed.
The submarine fired again and a second missile streaked up.
Superior dodged again. But this time its direction was down.
Everyone who was outdoors—and a few who had been under thin
roofs—found himself momentarily suspended in space.
Don and Alis, among the hundreds who had had the ground
snatched out from under them, clung to each other and began to
fall. All around them were the various adversaries who had been
about to clash. Professor Garet had been separated from his
machine and they were following separate downward orbits. Many of
Thebold's men had dropped their guns but others clung to them, as
if it were better to cling to something than merely to fall.
The downward swoop of Superior had taken it out of the immediate
path of the second missile, but whoever had changed the townoid's
course had apparently failed to take the inhabitants' inertia into
immediate consideration. The missile was headed into their midst.
Then two things happened. The missile exploded well away from the
falling people. And scores of kangaroo-like Gizls appeared from
everywhere and began to snatch people to safety.
Great jumps carried the Gizls into the air and they collected three or
four human beings at each leap. The leaps appeared to defy gravity,
carrying the creatures hundreds of feet up. The Gizls also appeared
to have the faculty of changing course while airborne, saving their
charges from other loose objects, but this might have been illusion.
At any rate, Geneva Jervis, who had been hurled up from the roof of
Hector's palace, where she had gone in hopes of catching a glimpse
of Senator Thebold, was reunited with the Senator when they were
rescued by the same Gizl, whose leap had carried him in a great arc
virtually from one edge of Superior to the other.
Don Cort, pressed close to Alis and grasped securely against the
hairy chest of their particular rescuer, was experiencing a
combination of sensations. One, of course, was relief at being
snatched from certain death.
Another was the delicious closeness of Alis, who he realized he
hadn't been paying enough attention to, in a personal way.
Another was surprise at the number of Gizls who had appeared in
the moment of crisis.
Finally he saw beyond doubt that it was the Gizls who were running
the entire show—that Hector I, Bobby the Bold, and the pseudo-
scientific Garet-Rubach Axis were merely strutters on the stage.
It was the Gizls who were maneuvering Superior as if it were a giant
vehicle. It was the Gizls who were exploding the missiles. And it was
the alien Gizls who, unlike the would-be belligerents among the
Earth-people, were scrupulously saving human lives.
"Thanks," Don said to his rescuing Gizl as it set him and Alis down
gently on the hard ground of the golf course.
"Don't mention it," the Gizl said, then leaped off to save others.
"He talked!" Alis said.
Don watched the Gizl make a mid-air grab and haul back a man who
had looked as if he might otherwise have gone over the edge. "He
certainly did."
"Then that must have been a masquerade, that other time—all that
mumbo-jumbo with the Anagrams."
"It must have been, unless they learn awfully fast."
He and Alis clutched each other again as Superior tilted. It remained
steady otherwise and they were able to see the ocean, whose
surface was marked with splashes as a variety of loose objects fell
into it. Don had a glimpse of Professor Garet's machine plummeting
down in the midst of most of Superior's vehicular population.
"There's a plane!" Alis cried. "It's going after something on the
surface."
"It's the Hustler," Don said. "It's after the submarine."
The B-58's long pod detached itself, became a guided missile and hit
the submarine square in the middle. There was a whooshing
explosion, the B-58 banked and disappeared from sight under
Superior, and the sub went down.
"Sergeant Cort," a voice said, and because Alis was lying with her
head on Don's chest she heard it first.
"Is that somebody talking to you, Don? Are you a sergeant?"
"I'm afraid so," he said. "I'll have to explain later. Sergeant Cort
here," he said to the Pentagon.
"Things are getting out of hand, Sergeant," the voice of Captain
Simmons said.
"Captain, that's the understatement of the week."
"Whatever it is, we can't allow the people of Superior to be
endangered any longer."
"No, sir. Is there another submarine?"
"Not as far as we know. I'm talking about the state of anarchy in
Superior itself, with each of three factions vying for power. Four,
counting the kangaroos."
"They're not kangaroos, sir. They're Gizls."
"Whatever they are. You and I know they're creatures from some
other world, and I've managed to persuade the Chief of Staff that
this is the case. He's in seeing the Defense Secretary right now. But
the State Department isn't buying it."
"You mean they don't believe in the Gizls?"
"They don't believe they're interplanetary. Their whole orientation at
State is toward international trouble. Anything interplanetary sends
them into a complete flap. We can't even get them to discuss the
exploration of the moon, and that's practically around the corner."
"What shall we do, sir?"
"Between you and me, Sergeant—" Captain Simmons' voice
interrupted itself. "Never mind that now. Here comes the Defense
Secretary."
"Foghorn Frank?" Don asked.
"Sh."
Frank Fogarty had earned his nickname in his younger years when
he commanded a tugboat in New York Harbor. That was before his
quick rise in the shipbuilding industry where he got the reputation as
a wartime expediter that led to his cabinet appointment.
"Is this the gadget?" Don heard Fogarty say.
"Yes, sir."
"Okay. Sergeant Cort?" Fogarty boomed. "Can you hear me?" It was
no wonder they called him Foghorn.
"Yes, sir," Don said, wincing.
"Fine. You've been doing a topnotch job. Don't think I don't know
what's been going on. I've heard the tapes. Now, son, are you ready
for a little action? We're going to stir them up at State."
"Yes, sir," Don said again.
"Good. Then stand up. No, better not if Superior is still gyrating. Just
raise your right hand and I'll give you a field promotion to major.
Temporary, of course. I can do that, can't I, General?"
Apparently the Chief of Staff was there, and agreed.
"Right," Fogarty said. "Now, Sergeant, repeat after me...."
Don, too overwhelmed to say anything else, repeated after him.
"Now then, Major Cort, we're going to present the State Department
with what they would call a fait accompli. You are now Military
Governor of Superior, son, with all the power of the U.S. Defense
Establishment behind you. A C-97 troop carrier plane is loading. I'll
give you the ETA as soon as I know it. A hundred paratroopers.
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Hello HTML5 CSS3 A user friendly reference guide 1st Edition Rob Crowther

  • 1. Hello HTML5 CSS3 A user friendly reference guide 1st Edition Rob Crowther pdf download https://ebookname.com/product/hello-html5-css3-a-user-friendly- reference-guide-1st-edition-rob-crowther/ Get Instant Ebook Downloads – Browse at https://ebookname.com
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  • 5. Rob Crowther A user-friendly reference guide M AN N I N G HTML5 & CSS3 www.it-ebooks.info
  • 6. Hello! HTML5 & CSS3 www.it-ebooks.info
  • 8. Hello! HTML5 & CSS3 A user-friendly reference guide Rob Crowther M A N N I N G SHELTER ISLAND www.it-ebooks.info
  • 9. For online information and ordering of this and other Manning books, please visit www.manning.com. The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in quantity. For more information, please contact: Special Sales Department Manning Publications Co. 20 Baldwin Road PO Box 261 Shelter Island, NY 11964 Email: [email protected] ©2013 by Manning Publications Co. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in the book, and Manning Publications was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. User Friendly artwork, characters, and strips used by permission from UserFriendly.Org. All Rights Reserved. Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, it is Manning’s policy to have the books we publish printed on acid-free paper, and we exert our best efforts to that end. Recognizing also our responsibility to conserve the resources of our planet, Manning books are printed on paper that is at least 15 percent recycled and processed without elemental chlorine. Manning Publications Co. Developmenteditor: Cynthia Kane 20 Baldwin Road Copyeditor: Tiffany Taylor PO Box 261 Technical proofreader: Adam London Shelter Island, NY 11964 Typesetter: Marija Tudor Cover designer: Marija Tudor ISBN: 9781935182894 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 – MAL – 17 16 15 14 13 12 www.it-ebooks.info
  • 10. v brief contents PART 1 LEARNING HTML5 1 1 Introducing HTML5 markup 3 2 HTML5 forms 38 3 Dynamic graphics 73 4 Audio and video 119 5 Browser-based APIs 153 6 Network and location APIs 191 PART 2 LEARNING CSS3 231 7 New CSS language features 233 8 Layout with CSS3 271 9 Motion and color 313 10 Borders and backgrounds with CSS3 351 11 Text and fonts 392 www.it-ebooks.info
  • 12. vii contents preface xv acknowledgments xvii about this book xix PART 1 LEARNING HTML5 1 1 Introducing HTML5 markup 3 Why do we need new elements? 4 New elements for page structure 7 Sectioning content 7 ❍ Headings, headers, and the outlining algorithm 9 ❍ Common page elements 15 The HTML DOCTYPE 17 New elements for content 18 Time 18 ❍ Images and diagrams with <figure> and <figcaption> 21 ❍ Emphasizing words and phrases 22 HTML5’s new global attributes 23 Accessibility with ARIA 24 ❍ Extending HTML with custom attributes 26 ❍ Expressing more than just document semantics with microdata 28 The HTML5 content model 29 Browser support 32 Supporting Internet Explorer 35 ❍ Enabling HTML5 support in Internet Explorer with html5.js 36 Summary 36 www.it-ebooks.info
  • 13. viii contents 2 HTML5 forms 38 The limitations of HTML4 forms 39 Numbers, ranges, dates, and times 42 Validation 46 The required attribute 47 ❍ The min, max, and pattern attributes 47 ❍ Taking advantage of validation with CSS 49 ❍ Turning off validation 50 Email and URLs 51 Email addresses 51 ❍ Web addresses 53 Elements for user feedback 53 The <output> element 53 ❍ The <progress> element 55 The <meter> element 56 Less-common form controls 57 Telephone numbers 57 ❍ Color pickers 58 <keygen> 59 New attributes for the <input> element 59 Placeholder text 59 ❍ Form autofocus 61 ❍ Protecting private information with the autocomplete attribute 61 Extending forms with JavaScript 62 Customizing the validation messages 62 ❍ Triggering validation with JavaScript 64 ❍ Responding to any changes in value 64 ❍ Creating combo boxes with <datalist> 65 ❍ Easy ways to work with form values in JavaScript 67 Browser support and detecting HTML5 features 68 Browser inconsistencies 69 ❍ Detecting supported features 69 ❍ The html5-now library 71 Summary 72 3 Dynamic graphics 73 Getting started with <canvas>: shapes, images, and text 74 Drawing shapes 76 ❍ Placing images 82 ❍ Drawing text 84 Advanced <canvas>: gradients, shadows, and animation 87 Creating gradients 88 ❍ Drawing drop shadows 91 Transformations 92 ❍ Animation 94 www.it-ebooks.info
  • 14. contents ix Getting started with SVG 96 Applying styles to SVG 98 ❍ Drawing common shapes 99 Images, text, and embedded content 101 ❍ Transforms, gradients, patterns, and declarative animation 105 SVG vs. <canvas> 112 Browser support 114 Supporting <canvas> in older versions of IE with explorercanvas 114 ❍ SVG in XML vs. SVG in HTML 115 Embedding SVG as an image 115 ❍ Referencing an SVG image from CSS 116 ❍ Embedding SVG as an object 116 SVG support in older browsers with SVG Web and Raphaël 116 Summary 118 4 Audio and video 119 Audio and video on the modern web 119 The <audio> element 123 Common attributes: controls, autoplay, loop, and preload 124 Codecs and license issues 129 ❍ Using multiple sources 133 The <video> element 134 <video> element attributes 135 ❍ Containers, codecs, and license issues 138 ❍ Easy encoding with Miro Video Converter 139 ❍ Advanced encoding with FFmpeg 140 Using multiple sources 142 Controlling audio and video with JavaScript 144 Integrating media with other content 146 Browser support 150 Web server configuration for audio and video 151 Supporting legacy browsers with Flash video 152 Summary 152 5 Browser-based APIs 153 Rich-text editing with the contenteditable attribute 154 Basic text editing 155 ❍ The spellcheck attribute 157 Applying formatting to the editable text 160 Natural user interaction with drag-and-drop 164 Basic drag-and-drop 167 ❍ Drag-and-drop in all browsers 169 www.it-ebooks.info
  • 15. x contents Managing the Back button with the history API 173 Updating page state 175 ❍ Using location.hash 176 Example: Implementing an undo feature 177 Getting semantic with the microdata API 179 Using a single microdata format 180 ❍ Using multiple microdata formats 183 Lag-free interfaces with web workers 185 Browser support 189 Summary 189 6 Network and location APIs 191 Finding yourself with the Geolocation API 192 Finding your location 193 ❍ Finding your location more accurately 194 ❍ Finding your location continuously 195 Practical uses for geolocation 196 Communication in HTML5 200 Enabling more secure integration with cross-document messaging 201 ❍ Real-time communication with the WebSocket API 205 Offline web applications 208 Setting up a development environment 209 The application cache 211 ❍ Managing network connectivity in offline apps 215 Storing data for offline use 222 Local storage 223 ❍ Session storage 227 ❍ Putting it all together 228 Browser support 229 Summary 229 PART 2 LEARNING CSS3 231 7 New CSS language features 233 Choosing elements through their relationships 234 Selecting sets of elements with combinators 235 Selecting among a set of elements with pseudo-classes 240 www.it-ebooks.info
  • 16. contents xi Choosing elements by their attributes 251 Choosing what isn’t 255 ❍ Pseudo-elements 257 Choosing elements based on user interaction 261 Styling form elements based on state 262 ❍ Styling the page based on the target of the URL 265 Browser support 267 Using jQuery to support older browsers 269 Summary 270 8 Layout with CSS3 271 Underused CSS2 layout features 272 Placing elements on a line with inline-block 272 ❍ Grouping element dimensions with display: table 275 CSS3 improvements to CSS2 approaches 279 Mixing different length units with calc 279 ❍ Controlling the box model 284 Using media queries for flexible layout 285 Resolution detection 287 ❍ Changing layout based on orientation and aspect ratio 291 ❍ Additional device-detection features 292 The future of CSS layout 293 Using flexible boxes for nested layout 294 ❍ Using the CSS3 Grid Alignment module 298 ❍ Controlling content flow with CSS3 Regions 303 ❍ Making complex shapes with CSS3 Exclusions and Shapes 305 Browser support 308 inline-block in IE6 and IE7 309 ❍ calc in Chrome and Firefox 310 ❍ box-sizing in Firefox and Safari 5 310 Flexboxes in Chrome, Firefox, IE, and Safari 310 Media queries and old browsers 311 ❍ Regions and exclusions 311 Summary 311 9 Motion and color 313 Colors and opacity 314 Opacity 314 ❍ RGBA 318 ❍ HSL and HSLA 320 www.it-ebooks.info
  • 17. xii contents CSS transforms 323 2D transforms 324 ❍ 3D transforms 328 CSS transitions 330 Transition timing functions 334 ❍ Transition property 337 ❍ Transition delay 338 ❍ Triggering transitions with JavaScript 339 CSS Animation 343 Browser support 346 Opacity in IE8 and earlier 346 ❍ Transforms, transitions, and animations in current browsers 346 ❍ Using modernizr.js and jQuery for animation in older browsers 349 Summary 350 10 Borders and backgrounds with CSS3 351 Drop shadows with CSS3 352 Box shadows 352 ❍ Text shadows 356 Easy rounded corners 358 New features for background images 361 Background size 361 ❍ Multiple backgrounds 365 Background origin and clipping 369 Selective background scaling with border images 371 Basic border-image 372 ❍ Stretching and repeating border-image sections 374 ❍ Using border-image to create common effects 377 Creating gradients with CSS 378 Browser support 384 Cross-browser drop shadows 385 ❍ Cross-browser CSS3 gradients 386 ❍ Cross-browser backgrounds and border-image 387 ❍ Supporting old versions of Internet Explorer 388 ❍ CSS3 PIE for easy IE support 390 Summary 391 11 Text and fonts 392 Basic web fonts 393 Gaining control of fonts with the @font-face rule 394 Font formats: EOT, TTF/OTF, and WOFF 398 Browser support for downloadable fonts 399 www.it-ebooks.info
  • 18. contents xiii Making your life easier with font services 400 Downloadable kits: FontSquirrel 400 ❍ Free font services: Google Web Fonts 403 ❍ Subscription font services: Fontdeck 405 Advanced web typography 407 font-size-adjust 407 ❍ Advanced font control 409 Text columns 416 Column count and width 416 ❍ Column spans 418 Gaps and rules 419 Wrapping and overflow 420 Word wrap 420 ❍ Text overflow 422 Browser support 423 Summary 423 Appendix A A history of web standards 425 Appendix B HTML basics 441 Appendix C CSS basics 467 Appendix D JavaScript 491 Index 523 www.it-ebooks.info
  • 20. xv preface I first saw the web in my final year of university in 1993-94. All the cool kids (bear in mind, this was a Computer Science department) were play- ing with a strange bit of software called Mosaic on their Sun 4 work- stations. I had some fun with it and created my first web page (a guide to Edinburgh pubs), but it didn’t strike me as anything more than a curios- ity and it certainly didn’t measure up to “proper” document preparation formats like LaTeX. It’s not the first time I’ve been completely wrong about technology—and it won’t be the last! I went back to experimenting with websites in 1997, a full-on blinking, scrolling plethora of tacky animated gifs which is thankfully long lost. As I learned more about the web I stopped seeing it as a poor-quality type- setting system and started seeing it as a great equalizer. Not only was visiting a web page something anyone could do, making a web page was also something anyone could do. Since then I’ve been on a mission, not only to learn as much as I can about making web pages, but to help others learn how to make them, and this book is a natural extension of that mission. HTML5 and CSS3 are fascinating to me not only because of their techni- cal features, but because they represent growth in the web platform after several years of stagnation. The more the web can do, the more content can be shared across the world by ordinary people like you and me. www.it-ebooks.info
  • 22. xvii I’d like to thank my Mum for inspiring my lifelong love of books, my Dad for inspiring my lifelong love of computers, and my brother for under- writing my move to London and giving me a chance to get a full-time web development job. Also sincere thanks to the rest of my family for being there for me over the years. A big thank you to Boyd Gilchrist who, while we were both at university, patiently answered such questions as “What’s this web browser thing, then?” and “HTML, what the fudge is that?” among many others I couldn’t be bothered to research on my own in the pre-Google era. Also, thanks to my other friends at university, especially Graham Barr who not only put up with living with me for several years but also managed to keep in touch long enough to read drafts of several chapters in this book. I’d like to thank everyone at Net Resources, especially my tutor John Ayscough; Richard O’Connor for giving me the subsequent placement which was my first commercial web development experience; and Esther Kuperij for talking him into it. My adventures in web standards have been greatly aided by the vibrant London web developer community, particu- larly the London Web Standards and London Web Meetup groups. Troy Mott at Manning is the person who originally got me involved with this book project, though at times I’m not sure whether to blame him or thank him for that! But Troy and all the other people I’ve worked with at Manning have been massively supportive throughout the writing and production processes. I’d especially like to thank Katharine Osborne, Candace Gillhoolley, Cynthia Kane, Bert Bates, Katie Tennant, Tiffany acknowledgments www.it-ebooks.info
  • 23. xviii acknowledgments Taylor, Martin Murtonen, Janet Vail, Mary Piergies, and of course Marjan Bace, for making this book what it is. Many people reviewed the manuscript at various stages of its develop- ment, and I would like to thank all the MEAP readers who provided comments in the forum as well as the following peer reviewers for their invaluable feedback: ‘Anil’ Radhakrishna, Braj Panda, Brian R. Bondy, Curtis Miller, Dave Nicolette, Dave Pawson, David McWhirter, Diane C. Leeper, Edward Welker, Eric Pascarello, Gary Rasmussen, Greg Donald, Greg Vaughn, James Hatheway, Jason Jung, Jason Kaczor, John Griffin, Keith Kim, Kieran Mathieson, Lester Lobo, Lisa Morgan, Mike Greenhalgh, Nikolaos Kaintantzis, Rudy Pena, Sarah Forst, Stu- art Caborn, Tijs Rademakers, and Yvonne Adams. Special thanks to Adam London for his careful technical review of the final manuscript and for testing the code. Finally, I’d like to acknowledge J. D. “Illiad” Fraser of User Friendly for letting Manning use the User Friendly cartoon characters in the Hello! series and for allowing me to put my own words in the characters’ mouths. www.it-ebooks.info
  • 24. xix You should read this book if you’re interested in learning about the new features in HTML5 and CSS3 available to web developers and enjoy an example-driven, visual approach to learning. Readers in any of the fol- lowing categories should find this book useful: ❂ Experienced web developers ❂ Novice web developers ❂ App developers (iPhone, Android, Windows 8 Metro) ❂ Interactive media designers ❂ Web designers Different readers will find different parts of the book interesting. Please see the later section “Book structure and suggested reading order” for further guidelines on how to navigate the book. Extra content for beginners This book focuses on the new features of HTML5 and CSS3; as such it expects the reader to have a little experience with their predecessors. But we will take things slowly, especially in the early chapters, and each feature discussed will come with example code you can try yourself. If you know what tags are and what a CSS rule looks like, then you should have few problems. If you’re new to web development, then you’ll benefit from the short introduction to HTML and CSS in appendixes B and C. To use many of the new features in HTML5, it is helpful to have some knowledge of JavaScript. If you are a complete beginner, then you will about this book www.it-ebooks.info
  • 25. xx about this book still find this book useful as it mostly uses small examples which are easy to experiment with. Appendix D is provided to get you started in JavaScript. Book structure and suggested reading order This book is split into two sections: part 1 concentrates on HTML5 and part 2 on CSS3. The HTML5 section has chapters on the new markup features of HTML5, forms and form validation, HTML5’s new dynamic graphics capabilities, using video and audio, new JavaScript APIs for client-side development, and new APIs related to networking. As a rough guideline, the early chapters require little-to-no knowledge of JavaScript, with each successive chapter building your knowledge base. The second section starts with a couple of chapters on the nuts and bolts of CSS3 and selectors, followed by chapters on layout, motion and color, borders and backgrounds, and fonts and text formatting. Most of the chapters are self-contained, although there are a few dependencies. The following chapter diagrams show a few suggested reading orders, based on your role and what you expect to get out of the book. Each diagram consists of chapter numbers in boxes as well as the recommended and optional steps, which are indi- cated by two types of arrows as shown in the key above. If you are a ... Read chapters in this order WEB DEVELOPER If you’re a web developer looking to get up to speed, then you should have no problem reading the chap- ters in numerical order. The CSS used in chapters 2 through 6 should be easy for you to follow. If you’re interested in the history of HTML and the standards process, then you can read appendix A before you dive in. It’s likely that appendixes B through D are not going to tell you anything you don’t already know, so there’s no need to bother with them. start here 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 A 10 www.it-ebooks.info
  • 26. about this book xxi NOVICE WEB DEVELOPER If you’re a novice web developer, then a slightly dif- ferent approach is recommended. Again, read appendix A only if you’re interested in history, but do read appendixes B, C, and D if you have little-to-no experience with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Read appendix C and chapter 7 right after chapter 1 to build your familiarity with CSS so that the limited amount of CSS used in chapters 2 through 6 doesn’t hold you back. APP DEVELOPER If your goal is to be an app developer, either target- ing mobile devices or Windows 8 Metro style apps, then the key chapters for you are 1 through 6 which concentrate on the markup and programming platform provided by HTML5. Include appendixes B and D plus chapter 7 if you’re coming to HTML5 from another platform. Chapter 8 discusses CSS layout, which will be useful for apps. This diagram assumes a graphic designer will handle the detailed design work, so chapters 9 through 11 are not shown. INTERACTIVE MEDIA DESIGNER If you’re an interactive media designer who is a heavy user of Flash for media, animation, or interactive content, then you can safely skip chapters 2, 5, and 6. Chapter 3 deals with dynamic graphics and 4 with audio and video, and chapters 9 and 10 deal with the more visual-impact aspects of CSS3. Chapter 8 on layout will be of less interest to you, but chapter 11 covers using custom fonts, so you may want to read that section. WEB DESIGNER If you’re a pure web designer with no interest in JavaScript, then you can read the book while avoiding most of the code. Any snippets of JavaScript you’ll come across in chapters 1 and 7 through 11 can be ignored unless you want to try replicating CSS3 effects in JavaScript for backwards compatibility. If you are a ... Read chapters in this order start here 1 A B C d 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 10 start here 1 A B C d 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 start here A B C d 1 3 4 7 11 9 10 start here A B C 1 7 8 11 9 10 www.it-ebooks.info
  • 27. xxii about this book Characters and conventions This book uses many graphic elements and typographical conventions to guide you and help you learn about HTML5 and CSS3. This section summarizes what you can expect to see. CHARACTERS You’ll be helped along by the characters from the popular User Friendly cartoons. In case you’re not familiar with this web comic, let me intro- duce each of the characters and explain their roles in this book. A.J. is the Columbia Internet Web Developer. He loves com- puter games, nifty art, and has a big-brother relationship with the Dust Puppy. He’ll be your main guide through HTML5 and CSS3, pointing out gotchas and giving you extra tips. The Dust Puppy was born inside of a network server, a result of the combination of dust, lint, and quantum events. He is wide-eyed and innocent, with no real grasp of reality, but he’s pretty cute and people love him. In this book, Dust Puppy’s main role will be to help you move from one topic to the next, summarizing what you’ve just learned and letting you know what’s coming next. Erwin is a highly advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) that resides somewhere on the network. He was created overnight by the Dust Puppy, who was feeling kind of bored. Erwin will help out whenever something needs looking up on the internet or when you need to think like a computer. Miranda is a trained Systems Technologist and an experienced UNIX sysadmin. A.J. is her boyfriend and she’ll be helping him out throughout the book. www.it-ebooks.info
  • 28. about this book xxiii Greg is in charge of Technical Support at the company. He has broad technical knowledge but no expertise in web develop- ment. A.J. is helping him learn about web development, and he’ll ask questions when A.J. isn’t being clear. Stef works as the Corporate Sales Manager. He can’t under- stand the way techies think, so he doesn’t get very far with them. Although he admires the power of Microsoft’s marketing muscle, he has a problem with Microsoft salesmen, probably because they make much more money than he does. Mike works as a System Administrator, and is responsible for the smooth running of the network at the office. He will help us out whenever we need to understand some details of server-side setup. Sid is a self-described “lichen of the tech-forest floor,” a long- lived, deeply experienced and acerbic observer of the geek gestalt. His history in computing involved vacuum tubes and, later, punch cards. He carries with him an air of compassion mixed with disdain for the younger geeks around him. Pitr works with Mike as a System Administrator. For some rea- son he always wears dark glasses and has adopted a guttural Eastern European accent. Pitr will take some time out from his plans for world domination to keep A.J. in his place and to demonstrate that attention to minor technical details that makes geeks so well loved. Crud Puppy is Dust Puppy’s evil twin and nemesis, born from the crud in Stef’s keyboard. Whenever we need an antagonist, Crud Puppy will be happy to oblige. www.it-ebooks.info
  • 29. xxiv about this book CARTOONS & DIAGRAMS There are many cartoons and diagrams in this book. The cartoons are based on the actual User Friendly comic strips. Their intent is humorous rather than educational as they poke fun at various aspects of web development. A sample cartoon is shown below. Diagrams are part of the text; they present information that’s easier to understand in pictorial form. An example diagram follows. CODE LISTINGS & SNIPPETS Code listings and snippets and any occurrence of code in the text will appear in the LucidaMonoEF font. Here is a typical code snippet: <body> <p>HTML5 and CSS3</p> </body> KEY FEATURES WILL BE HIGHLIGHTED LIKE THIS. DIAGRAMS WILL OFTEN BE DISCUSSED BY CHARACTERS. LIKE THIS. www.it-ebooks.info
  • 30. Another Random Document on Scribd Without Any Related Topics
  • 31. "My granddaughter met Gizl, you'll recall," Doc Bendy said. "Either this one or one like him. We don't know yet whether Gizl is a personal name or a generic one." "Let's find out," Don said. He sat down at the table and began to form squares into a question. "Wait a minute." Doc Bendy broke up Don's sequence. "The amenities first. Spell out 'Greetings,' or some such things. Manners, boy." "Sorry." Don started over. He spelled Greetings, then Alis Garet, then Don Cort, and pointed from the squares to Alis and himself. "I assume you've already introduced yourself?" he asked Bendy. Bendy nodded and the kangaroo-like creature inclined his furry head in acknowledgment to Alis and Don. Then he—Don had already stopped thinking of the creature as an "it"—formed two words with his tapering, black-nailed fingers. Pleasant, he communicated. "Gizl." And he tapped his chest. Don turned to Bendy. "Now can I ask him?" "With His Majesty's permission," Bendy said solemnly. Hector nodded. Don left the three names intact, distributing the rest, then put three squares together to spell Man. He pointed to the word and then to Civek, Bendy, Alis and himself, excluding the creature. "Well, I like that!" Alis said. "Do I look like a man?" "Let's keep it simple, woman," Don said. The creature nodded and pointed again to Gizl, then to himself, "He doesn't understand," Don said. "It's quite possible his people don't have individual names," Bendy said. "Let's call him Gizl for now and go on."
  • 32. "Okay." Don thought for a moment, then formed a question. "Might as well get basic," he said. Q. Are you from earth. A. No. At the risk of irritating the others, Don repeated the questions and answers aloud for the benefit of his eavesdropper in the Pentagon. Q. Are you from solar system A. Not yours Q. When did you reach earth A. 1948 your calendar Q. Why A. Friendship Q. Why has no one seen you sooner A. Fear Q. You mean you frightened our people A. No I mean fear of your people Q. Why A. Gizl resemble earth animals Q. Was superior the first place you landed A. No Q. Where was it A. Australia
  • 33. "The home of the kangaroo," Doc Bendy said. "No wonder they had a bad time. I can imagine some stockman in the outback taking umbrage at a kangaroo asserting its equality. Let me talk to him a while, Don." Q. How many are there of you A. Many Q. How many A. No specific comment Q. Are you responsible for raising superior A. Entirely Q. How A. Impossible to explain with these Q. Where is superior going A. East for now Q. And later A. No specific comment Q. 3000 lives are in your hands A. Gizls have no malevolent designs Q. Thanks. You said friendship brought you. What else. A. Trade. Cultural exchange Q. What have you to trade A. Will discuss this later with duly constituted authority Q. Who. King Hector
  • 34. A. Terminating interview with good will assurances "Wait," Alis said. "I haven't had a chance to talk to him." She formed letters into words. "I don't think he's being very frank with us but I have a few random questions." Q. How many sexes have Gizls A. Three Q. Male female and A. Neuter Q. Are there babies among you A. Babies are neuter and develop according to need Q. Confidentially what do you think of fathers science A. Unfathomable our meager knowledge Q. Flatterer A. Ending conversation with pleasant regard Q. Likewise Gizl slid back his chair and got up. King Hector stood and bowed as Gizl, who had nodded politely to each in turn, walked manlike, without hopping, to a corner of the room which then sank out of sight. "He's quite a guy, that Gizl," Hector said, taking off his crown and putting it on the table. "Makes me sweat," he said, wiping his forehead. "Are you the duly constituted authority?" Bendy asked him. "Who else? Somebody's got to be in charge till we get Superior back to Earth."
  • 35. "Sure," Bendy said, "but you don't have to rig yourself up in ermine. I also have a sneaking suspicion that you aren't exactly anxious to get Superior down in a hurry." "I'll overlook that remark for old time's sake. But I defend the kingship. A show of force was necessary to prevent crime from running rampant." "Maybe," Bendy said. "Anyhow I appreciate your frankness in introducing us to Gizl and what he modestly describes as his meager knowledge. Since you've already admitted that he's the one who provided the big feed, will you ease Alis's mind now and assure her that what she was eating wasn't Negusburger?" "Negusburger?" The king laughed. "Is that what you thought, Alis?" "Not really," she said. "But I couldn't help wondering where all the food came from all of a sudden." "Over here." The king led them to the corner where Gizl had sunk from sight. The top of the elevator, now level with the floor, blended exactly with the linoleum tile. "I don't know how it works, but Gizl and his people have their headquarters down there somewhere. All I have to do is place the order and up comes food or whatever I need. Would you like to try it?" "Love to," Bendy said. "What shall I ask for?" "Anything." "Anything?" "Anything at all." "Well." Bendy looked impressed. "This will take a moment of thought. How about a gallon—no, as long as I'm asking I might as well ask for a keg—of rum, 151 proof." Up it came, complete with spigot and tankard.
  • 36. "Fabulous!" Bendy said. He rolled it out of the elevator and the elevator went down again. "Let me try!" Alis said. "If Doc can get a keg, I ought to be able to have—oh, say a pint of Channel No. 5. Would that be too extravagant?" "A simple variation in formula, I should think," the king said. What came up for Alis didn't look in the least like an expensive Paris perfume. In fact, it looked like a lard pail with a quantity of liquid sloshing lazily in it. But its aroma belied its looks. "Oh, heaven!" Alis said. "Smell it!" She lifted it by its handle, stuck a finger in it and rubbed behind each ear. "It's a bit overpowering by the pint," Bendy said. He'd drained off part of a tankard of rum and looked quite at peace with the world. "You'd better get yourself a chaperone, Alis, if you're going to carry that around with you." "I'll admit they're not very good in the packaging department, but that's just a quibble. Could I have—how many ounces in a pint?— sixteen one-ounce stoppered bottles? And a little funnel?" "Easiest thing in the world," the king said. "Don? Anything you'd like at the same time? Save it a trip." "I've got an idea, Your Majesty, but I don't know whether you'd approve. Even though I work in a bank, I've never seen a ten thousand dollar bill. Do you think they could whip one up?" "I really don't know," Hector said. "It could upset the economy if we let the money get out of hand. But we can always send it right back. Let's see what happens." The elevator came up with the bottles, the funnel and a green and gold bill.
  • 37. It was, on the face of it, a ten thousand dollar bill. But the portrait was that of Hector Civek, crowned and ermined. And the legend on it was: "Payable to Bearer on Demand, Ten Thousand Dollars. This Note is Legal Tender for all Debts, Public and Private, and is Redeemable in Lawful Money at the Treasury of the Kingdom of Superior. (Signed) Gizl, Secretary of the Treasury."
  • 38. X Don didn't know what he might learn by skulking around the freezing grounds of Hector's palace in the faint moonlight. He hoped for a glimpse of the kangaroo-Gizl to see if he were as sincere off- guard as he had been during their interview. But his peering into basement windows had revealed nothing, and he was about to head back to the campus for a night's sleep when someone called his name. It was a girl's voice, from above. He looked up. Red-headed Geneva Jervis was leaning out of one of the second-story windows. "Well, hello," he said. "What are you doing up there?" "I've sworn fealty," she said. "Come on up." "What?" he said. "How?" She disappeared from his sight, then reappeared. "Here." She dropped a rope ladder. Don climbed it, feeling Like Romeo. "Where'd you get this?" "They've got them in all the rooms. Fire escapes. Old McFerson was a precautious man, evidently." She pulled the rope back in. Jen Jervis had a spacious bedroom. She wore a dressing gown. "What do you mean, you swore fealty?" Don asked. "To Hector?" "Sure. What better way to find out what he's up to? Besides, I was getting fed up with that dormitory at Cavalier. No privacy. House mothers creeping around all the time. Want a drink?"
  • 39. Don saw that she had a half-full glass on the dresser. Next to the glass stood a bottle of bourbon with quite a bit gone from it. "Why not?" he said. "Let's drink and be merry, for tomorrow we may freeze to death." "Or be shot down by Reds." She poured him a stiff one. "Here's to happy endings." He sipped his drink and she swallowed half of hers. "I didn't picture you as the drinking type, Jen." "Revise the picture. Come sit down." She backed to the big double bed and relaxed into it, lying on one elbow. Don sat next to her, but upright. "Tell me about this fealty deal. What did you have to do?" "Oh, renounce my American citizenship and swear to protect Superior against all enemies, foreign and domestic. The usual thing." "Have you got a title yet? Are you Dame Jervis?" "Not yet." She smiled. "I think I'm on probation. They know I'm close to Bobby and they'd like to have him on their side, for all their avowed independence. They're not so terribly convinced that Superior's going to stay up forever. They're hedging their bets, it looks to me." "It looks to me that maybe Bobby Thebold might not understand. He's the kind of man who demands absolute fealty, from what I've seen of him." "Oh, to hell with Bobby Thebold." Jen took another swallow. "He's not here. He's had plenty of time to come, if he was going to, and he hasn't. To hell with him. Let me get you another drink." "No, thanks. This will do me fine." He drank it and set the empty glass on the floor. Jen drank off the last of hers and put her glass
  • 40. next to his. "Relax," she said. "I'm not going to bite you." She lay back and her dressing gown opened in a V as far as the belt. She obviously wasn't wearing anything under the gown. Don looked away self-consciously. Jen laughed. "What's the matter, boy? No red blood?" She rolled herself off the end of the bed and went to the dresser. "Another drink?" "Don't you think you've had enough?" She shook her red hair violently. "Drinking is as drinking does. Trouble is, nobody's doing anything." "Exactly. Everybody's acting as if Superior's one big pleasure dome. Civek's on the throne and all's well with his little world. Even you've joined the parade. Why? I don't buy that double-agent explanation." She was looking in the bureau mirror at the reflection of the top of her head, peering up from under her eyebrows. "I'm going to have to touch up the tresses pretty soon or I won't be a redhead any more." She looked at his reflection. "You don't like me, do you, Donny-boy?" "I never said that." "You don't have to say it. But I don't blame you. I don't like myself sometimes. I'm a cold fish. A cold, dedicated fish. Or I was. I've decided to change my ways." "I can see that." "Can you?" She turned around and leaned against the bureau, holding her glass. "How do you see me now?" "As an attractive woman with a glass in her hand. I wonder which is doing the talking."
  • 41. "Rhetorical questions at this time of night, Donny? I think it's me talking, not the whisky. We'll know better in the sober light of morning, won't we?" "If that's an invitation," Don began, "I'm afraid—" Her eyes blazed at him. "I think you're the rudest man I ever met. And the most boorish." She tossed off the rest of her drink, then began to cry. "Now, Jen—" He went to her and patted her shoulder awkwardly. "Oh, Don." She put her head against his chest and wept. His arms automatically went around her, comfortingly. Then he realized that Jen's muffled sobs were going direct to the Pentagon through his transceiver. That piece of electronics equipment taped to his skin, he told himself, was the least of the reasons why he could not have accepted Jen's invitation—if it had been an invitation. He lifted her chin from his chest to spare the man in the Pentagon any further sobs, which must have been reaching him in crescendo. Jen's face was tear-stained. She looked into his eyes for a second, then fastened her mouth firmly on his. There was nothing a gentleman could do, Don thought, except return the kiss. Rude, was he? Jen broke away first. "What's that?" she said. Don opened his eyes and his glance went automatically to the door. It would not have surprised him to see King Hector coming through it in his royal night clothes. But Jen was staring out the window. He turned. The sky was bright as day over in the direction of the golf course. Don made out a pinpoint of brighter light. "It's a star shell," he said. "A flare."
  • 42. They went to the window and leaned out, looking past a corner of the bubble gum factory. "What's it for?" Jen asked. Don pointed. "There. That's what for." "A blimp!" she said. "It's landing!" "Is it an Air Force job? I can't make out the markings." "I think I can," Jen said. "They're—PP." "Private Pilots! Senator Bobby the Bold!" Jen Jervis clutched his arm. "S.O.B.!" she whispered fiercely. Don Cort was down the rope fire escape and away from the mansion before it woke up to the invasion. As he crossed the railroad spur he had a glimpse of Jen Jervis hauling up the rope and of lights going on elsewhere in the building. There was a lot of whistle-blowing and shouting and a lone shot which didn't seem to be aimed at him. Don waited at the spur, behind a boxcar, to see how the Hectorites would react to the landing of the blimp, A few men gathered at the front gate and looked nervously into the sky and toward the golf course. Others joined them, armed with shotguns, pistols, and a rifle or two, but not with King Hector's paralysis gadget. It was clear that Hector had no intention of starting a battle. His men apparently were under orders only to guard the mansion and the bubble gum factory. No one even went to see what the blimp was up to. Don found as he neared the golf course that the people from the blimp apparently had no immediate plan to attack, either. He found a sand trap to lie down in. From it he could watch without being seen.
  • 43. The star shell had died out but he could see the blimp silhouetted against the sky. Men in battle dress were establishing a perimeter around the clubhouse. Each carried a weapon of some kind. It was all very dim. Don remembered his communicator. "Cort here," he said softly. "Do you read me?" "Affirmative," a voice said. Don didn't recognize it. He described the landing and asked, "Is this an authorized landing or is it Senator Thebold's private party?" "Negative," said the voice from the Pentagon, irritatingly GI. "Negative what?" Don said. "You mean Thebold is leading it?" "Affirmative," said the voice. "What's he up to?" Don asked. "Negative," the voice said. Don blew up. "If you mean you don't know, why the hell don't you say so? Who is this, anyhow?" "This happens to be Major Johns, the O.O.D., Sergeant, and if you know what's good for you—" Don stopped listening because a man in battle dress, apparently attracted by his voice, was standing on the green, looking down into the bunker where Don lay, pointing a carbine at him. "I'll have to hang up now, Major," Don said quietly. "Something negative has just happened to me. I've been captured." The man with the carbine shouted down to Don, "Okay, come out with your hands over your head." Don did so. He hoped he was doing it affirmatively enough. He had no wish to be shot by one of the Senator's men, regardless of
  • 44. whether that man was authorized or unauthorized. Senator Thebold sat at a desk in the manager's office of the Raleigh Country Club. He wore a leather trench coat and a fur hat. Wing commander's insignia glittered on his shoulders and a cartridge belt was buckled around his waist. A holster hung from it but Thebold had the heavy .45 on the desk in front of it. He motioned to Don to sit down. Two guards stood at the door. "Name?" Thebold snapped. Don decided to use his own name but pretend to be a local yokel. "Donald Cort." "What were you doing out there?" "I saw the lights." "Who were you talking to in the sand trap?" "Nobody. I sometimes talk to myself." "Oh, you do. Do you ever talk to yourself about a man named Osbert Garet or Hector Civek?" Thebold looked at a big map of Superior that had been pinned to the wall, thus giving Don the benefit of his strong profile. "Hector's the king now," Don said. "Things got pretty bad before that but we got enough to eat now." "Where did the food come from?" Don shrugged. Thebold drummed his fingers on the desk. "You're not exactly a fount of information, are you? What do you do for a living?"
  • 45. "I used to work in the gum factory but I got laid off." "Do you know Geneva Jervis?" "Who's he?" Don said innocently. Thebold stood up in irritation. "Take this man to O. & I.," he said to one of the guards. "We've got to make a start some place. Are there any others?" "Four or five," the guard said. "Send me the brightest-looking one. Give this one and the rest a meal and a lecture and turn them loose. It doesn't look as if Civek is going to give us any trouble right away and there isn't too much we can do before daylight." The guard led Don out of the room and pinned a button on his lapel. It said: Bobby the Bold in Peace and War. "What's O. & I.?" Don asked him. "Orientation and Integration. Nobody's going to hurt you. We're here to end partition, that's all." "End partition?" "Like in Ireland. Keep Superior in the U. S. A. They'll tell you all about it at O. & I. Then you tell your friends. Want some more buttons?" Don was fed, lectured, and released, as promised. Early the next morning, after a cup of coffee with Alis Garet at Cavalier's cafeteria, he started back for the golf course. Alis, in a class-cutting mood, went with him.
  • 46. The glimpses of the Thebold Plan which Don had had from O. & I. were being put into practice. Reilly Street, which provided a boundary line between Raleigh Country Club and the gum-factory property, had been transformed into a midway. The Thebold forces had strung bunting and set up booths along the south side of the street. Hector's men, apparently relieved to find that the battle was to be psychological rather than physical, rushed to prepare rival attractions on their side. A growing crowd thronged the center of Reilly Street. Some wore Thebold buttons. Some wore other buttons, twice as big, with a smiling picture of Hector I on them. Some wore both. The sun was bright but the air was bitingly cold. As a result one of the most popular booths was on Hector's side of the street where Cheeky McFerson was giving away an apparently inexhaustible supply of hand-warmers. Cheeky urged everybody to take two, one for each pocket, and threw in handfuls of bubble gum. Two of Hector's men set up ladders and strung a banner across two store-fronts. It said in foot-high letters: Kingdom of Superior, Land of Plenty. A group of Thebold troubleshooters watched, then rushed away and reappeared with brushes and paint. They transformed an advertising sign to read, in letters two feet high: Superior, U.S.A., Home of the Free. Hawkers on opposite sides of the midway vied to give away hot dogs, boiled ears of corn, steaming coffee, hot chocolate, candy bars, and popcorn. "There's a smart one." Alis pointed to a sign in Thebold territory. The Gripe Room it said over a vacant store. The Senator's men had set up desks and chairs inside and long lines had already formed. Apparently a powerful complaint had been among the first to be registered because a Thebold man was galvanized into action. He
  • 47. ran out of the store and within minutes the sign painters were at work again. Their new banner, hoisted to dry in the sun, proclaimed: Blimp Mail. Underneath, in smaller letters, it said: How long since you've heard from your loved ones on Earth? The Thebold Blimp will carry your letters and small packages. Direct daily connections with U. S. Mail. "You have to admire them," Alis said. "They're really organized." "One's as bad as the other," Don said. Impartially, he was eating a Hector hot dog and drinking Thebold coffee. "Have you noticed the guns in the upstairs windows?" "No. You mean on the Senator's side?" "Both sides. Don't stare." "I see them now. Do you see any Gizl-sticks? The thing Hector used on Negus?" "No. Just conventional old rifles and shotguns. Let's hope nobody starts anything." "Look," Alis said, grabbing Don by the arm. "Isn't that Ed Clark going into the Gripe Room?" "It sure is. Gathering material for another powerful editorial, I guess." But within minutes Clark's visit had provoked another bustle of activity. Two of Thebold's men dashed out of the renovated store and off toward the country club. They came back with the Senator himself, making his first public appearance. Thebold strode down the center of the midway, wearing his soft aviator's helmet with the goggles pushed up on his forehead and his silk scarf fluttering behind him. A group of small boys followed him, imitating his self-confident walk and scrambling occasionally for the
  • 48. Thebold buttons he threw to them. The Senator went into the Gripe Room. "Looks as if Ed has wangled an interview with the great man himself," Alis said. "You didn't say anything to Clark about our talk with the Gizl, did you?" "I did mention it to him," Alis said. "Was that bad?" "Half an hour ago I would have said no. Now I'm not so sure." A speaker's platform had been erected on the Senator's side of Reilly Street, and now canned but stirring band music was blaring out of a loudspeaker. Thebold came out of the Gripe Room and mounted the platform. A fair-sized crowd was waiting to hear him. Thebold raised his arms as if he were stilling a tumult. The music died away and Thebold spoke. "My good friends and fellow Americans," the Senator began. Then a Hectorite sound-apparatus started to blare directly across the street. The sound of hammering added to the disruption as workmen began to set up a rival speaker's platform. Then the music on the north side of Reilly Street became a triumphal march and Hector I made his entrance. Thebold spoke on doggedly. Don heard an occasional phrase through the din. "... reunion with the U. S. A. ... end this un- American, this literal partition ..." But many in the crowd had turned to watch Hector, who was magnificent and warm-looking in his ermine robe.
  • 49. "Loyal subjects of Superior, I exhort you not to listen to this outsider who has come to meddle in our affairs," Hector said. "What can he offer that your king has not provided? You have security, inexhaustible food supplies and, above all, independence!" Thebold increased his volume and boomed: "Ah, but do you have independence, my friends? Ask your puppet king who provides this food—and for what price? And how secure do you feel as you whip through the atmosphere like an unguided missile? You're over the Atlantic now. Who knows at what second the controls may break down and dump us all into the freezing water?" Hector pushed his crown back on his head as if it were a derby hat. "Who asked the Senator here? Let me remind you that he does not even represent our former—and I emphasize former—State of Ohio. We all know him as a political adventurer, but never before has he attempted to meddle in the affairs of another country!" "And you know what lies beyond Western Europe," Thebold said. "Eastern Europe and Russia. Atheistic, communistic Red Russia. Is that where you'd like to come down? For that's where you're heading under Hector Civek's so-called leadership. King Hector, he calls himself. Let me remind you, friends, that if there is anything the Soviet Russians hate more than a democracy, it's a monarchy! I don't like to think what your chances would be if you came down in Kremlinland. Remember what they did to the Czars." Then Senator Bobby Thebold played his ace: "But there's an even worse possibility, my poor misguided friends. And that's for the creatures behind Hector Civek to decide to go back home—and take off into outer space. Has Hector told you about the creatures? He has not. Has he told you they're aliens from another planet? He has not. Some of you have seen them—these kangaroo-like creatures who, for their own nefarious purposes, made Hector what he is today.
  • 50. "But, my friends, these are not the cute and harmless kangaroos that abound in the land of our friendly ally, Australia. No. These are intelligent alien beings who have no use for us at all, and who have brazenly stolen a piece of American territory and are now in the process of making off with it." A murmur came from the crowd and they looked over their shoulders at Hector, whose oratory had run down and who seemed unsure how to answer. "Yes, my friends," Thebold went on, "you may well wonder what your fate will be in the hands of that power-mad ex-mayor of yours. A few thousand feet more of altitude and Superior will run out of air. Then you'll really be free of the good old U.S.A. because you'll be dead of suffocation. That, my friends—" At that point somebody took a shot at Senator Bobby Thebold. It missed him, breaking a second-story window behind him. Immediately a Thebold man behind that window smashed the rest of the glass and fired back across Reilly Street, over the heads of the crowd. People screamed and ran. Don grabbed Alis and pulled her away from the immediate zone of fire. They looked back from behind a truck which, until a minute ago, had been dispensing hot buttered popcorn. "Hostilities seem to have commenced," Alis said. She gave a nervous laugh. "I guess it's my fault for blabbing to Ed Clark." "It was bound to happen, sooner or later," Don said. "I hope nobody gets hurt." Evidently neither Thebold nor Hector personally had any such intention. Both had clambered down from the platforms and disappeared. Most of the crowd had fled too, heading east toward the center of town, but a few, like Alis and Don, had merely taken cover and were waiting to see what would happen next.
  • 51. Sporadic firing continued. Then there was a concentration of shooting from the Senator's side, and a dozen or more of Thebold's men made a quick rush across the street and into the stores and buildings on the north side. In a few minutes they returned, under another protective burst, with prisoners. "Slick," Don said. "Hector's being outmaneuvered." "I wonder why the Gizls aren't helping him." The Thebold loudspeaker came to life. "Attention!" it boomed in the Senator's voice. "Anyone who puts down his arms will be given safe conduct to the free side of Reilly Street. Don't throw away your life for a dictator. Come over to the side of Americanism and common sense." There was a pause, and the voice added: "No reprisals." The firing stopped. The Thebold loudspeaker began to play On the Sunny Side of the Street. But nobody crossed over. Nor was there any further firing from Hector's side. Lay Down Your Arms, the loudspeaker blared in another tune from tin-pan alley. When it became clear that Hector's forces had withdrawn completely from the Reilly Street salient, Thebold's men crossed in strength. They worked their way block by block to the grounds of the bubble gum factory and proceeded to lay siege to it. With Hector Civek immobilized, Senator Bobby Thebold went looking for Geneva Jervis, accompanied by two armed guards.
  • 52. He was trailed by the usual pack of small boys, several of them dressed in imitation of their hero, in helmets, silk-like scarves and toy guns at hips. Alis, unable to reach the besieged palace to see if her father was safe, had asked Don to go back with her to Cavalier after the Battle of Reilly Street. Her mother told Alis that the professor was not only safe on the campus but had resigned his post as Royal Astronaut at Hector's court. "Father broke with Hector?" Alis asked. "Good for him! But why?" "He and Dr. Rubach just up and walked out," Mrs. Garet said. "That's all I know. Your father never explains these things to me. But if my intuition means anything, the professor is up to one of his tricks again. He's been locked up in his lab all day." The campus had an air of expectancy about it. Students and instructors went from building to building, exchanging knowing looks or whispered conversations. A rally was in progress in front of the Administration Building when Senator Thebold arrived. Don and Alis joined the group of listeners for camouflage and pretended to pay attention to what the speaker, an intense young man on the back of a pickup truck, was saying. "The time has come," he said, "for men and women of, uh, perspicacity to shun the extremes and tread the middle path. To avoid excesses as represented on the one hand by the, uh, paternalistic dictatorship of the Hectorites, and on the other by the, uh, pseudo-democracy of Senator Thebold which resorts to force when thwarted. I proclaim, therefore, the course of reason, the way of science and truth as exemplified by the, uh, the Garet-Rubach, uh —" Senator Thebold had been listening at the edge of the little crowd. He spoke up. "The Garet-Rubach Axis?" he suggested.
  • 53. The speaker gave him a cold stare. "And who are you?" "Senator Robert Thebold, representing pseudo-democracy, as you call it. Speak on, my young friend. Like Voltaire, I will defend to the death—but you know what Voltaire said." "Yes, sir," the speaker said, abashed. "No offense intended, Senator." "Of course you intended offense," Thebold said. "Stick to your guns, man. Free academic discussion must never be curtailed. But at the moment I'm more interested in meeting your Professor Garet. Where is he?" "In—in the bell tower, sir. Right over there." He pointed. "But you can't go in. No one can." He looked at Alis as if for confirmation. She shook her head. "We'll see about that," the Senator said. "Carry on with your free and open discussion. And remember, stick to your guns. Sorry I can't stay." He headed for the bell tower, followed by his guards. Alis waited till he had gone in, then tugged at Don's sleeve. "Come on. Let's see the fun." "Alis," the speaker called to her, "was that really Senator Thebold?" "Sure was. But what's this Garet-Rubach Axis? What's everybody up to?" "Not Axis. That was Thebold's propaganda word. It's a movement of —oh, never mind. You don't appreciate your own father." "You can say that again. Come on, Don." As Alis closed the door to the bell tower behind them, they heard Professor Garet's voice from above.
  • 54. "Attention interlopers," it said. "You have come unasked and now you find yourself paralyzed, unable to move a muscle except to breathe." "Stay down here," Alis whispered. "There's a sort of vestibule one flight up. That's where Thebold must have got it. Father spends all his spare time guarding his holy of holies. Nobody gets past the vestibule." She frowned. "But I didn't know he had a paralysis thing, too." "He probably swiped it from Hector before he broke with him," Don said. Professor Garet's voice came again. "I shall now pass among you and relieve you of your weapons. Why, if it isn't Senator Thebold and his strong-arm crew! I'm honored, Senator. Here we are: three archaic .45's disposed of. Very soon now you'll have the pleasure of seeing a scientific weapon in action." Don, standing with Alis on the steps of the Administration Building, didn't know whether to be impressed or amused by the giant machine Professor Garet had assembled. It was mounted on the flat bed of an old Reo truck, and various parts of it went skyward in a dozen directions. Garet had driven it onto the campus from a big shed behind the bell tower. The machine's crowning glory was a big bowl-shaped sort of thing that didn't quite succeed in looking like a radar scanner. It was at the end of a universal joint which permitted it to aim in any direction. "What's it supposed to do?" Don asked. "From what I gather," Alis said, "it's Hector's paralysis thing, adapted for distance. Only of course nobody admits Father stole it. It's supposed to have antigravity powers, too, like whatever it was that
  • 55. took Superior up in the first place. Naturally I don't believe a word of it." "But where's he going with it?" "He's ready to take on all comers, I gather. Please don't try to make sense out of it. It's only Father." The young man who had addressed the student rally took over the driver's seat and Professor Garet hoisted himself into a bucket seat at the rear of the truck near a panel which presumably operated the machine. Maynard Rubach sat next to the driver. The small army of dedicated students who had been assembling fell in behind the truck. They were unarmed, except with faith. Senator Thebold and his two former bodyguards, de-paralyzed, sat trussed up in the back of a weapons carrier, looking disgusted with everything. "Are we ready?" Professor Garet called. A cheer went up. "Then on to the enemy—in the name of science!" Don shook his head. "But even if this crazy machine could knock out Hector's and Thebold's men and the Garet-Rubach Axis reigns supreme, then what? Does he claim he can get Superior back to Earth?" Alis said only, "Please, Don ..." The forces of science were ready to roll. There had been an embarrassing moment when the old Reo's engine died, but a student worked a crank with a will and it roared back to life. The Garet machine, the weapons carrier and the foot soldiers moved off the campus and onto Shaws Road toward Broadway and the turn-off for the country club.
  • 56. They met an advance party of the Thebold forces just north of McEntee Street. There were about twenty of them, armed with carbines and submachine guns. As soon as they spotted the weird armada from Cavalier they dropped to the ground, weapons aimed. Senator Thebold rose in his seat. "Hold your fire!" he shouted to his men. "We don't shoot women, children, or crackpots." He said to Professor Garet, "All right, mastermind, untie me."
  • 57. XI A submarine surfaced on the Atlantic, far below Superior. It was obvious to the commander of the submarine, which bore the markings of the Soviet Union, that the runaway town of Superior, being populated entirely by capitalist madmen, was a menace to humanity. The submarine commander made a last-minute check with the radio room, then gave the order to launch the guided missiles which would rid the world of this menace. The first missile sped skyward. Superior immediately took evasive action. First, in its terrific burst of acceleration, everybody was knocked flat. Next, Superior sped upward for a few hundred feet and everybody was crushed to the ground. At the same time the first missile, which was now where Superior would have been had it maintained its original course, exploded. A miniature mushroom cloud formed. The submarine fired again and a second missile streaked up. Superior dodged again. But this time its direction was down. Everyone who was outdoors—and a few who had been under thin roofs—found himself momentarily suspended in space. Don and Alis, among the hundreds who had had the ground snatched out from under them, clung to each other and began to fall. All around them were the various adversaries who had been about to clash. Professor Garet had been separated from his machine and they were following separate downward orbits. Many of
  • 58. Thebold's men had dropped their guns but others clung to them, as if it were better to cling to something than merely to fall. The downward swoop of Superior had taken it out of the immediate path of the second missile, but whoever had changed the townoid's course had apparently failed to take the inhabitants' inertia into immediate consideration. The missile was headed into their midst. Then two things happened. The missile exploded well away from the falling people. And scores of kangaroo-like Gizls appeared from everywhere and began to snatch people to safety. Great jumps carried the Gizls into the air and they collected three or four human beings at each leap. The leaps appeared to defy gravity, carrying the creatures hundreds of feet up. The Gizls also appeared to have the faculty of changing course while airborne, saving their charges from other loose objects, but this might have been illusion. At any rate, Geneva Jervis, who had been hurled up from the roof of Hector's palace, where she had gone in hopes of catching a glimpse of Senator Thebold, was reunited with the Senator when they were rescued by the same Gizl, whose leap had carried him in a great arc virtually from one edge of Superior to the other. Don Cort, pressed close to Alis and grasped securely against the hairy chest of their particular rescuer, was experiencing a combination of sensations. One, of course, was relief at being snatched from certain death. Another was the delicious closeness of Alis, who he realized he hadn't been paying enough attention to, in a personal way. Another was surprise at the number of Gizls who had appeared in the moment of crisis. Finally he saw beyond doubt that it was the Gizls who were running the entire show—that Hector I, Bobby the Bold, and the pseudo- scientific Garet-Rubach Axis were merely strutters on the stage.
  • 59. It was the Gizls who were maneuvering Superior as if it were a giant vehicle. It was the Gizls who were exploding the missiles. And it was the alien Gizls who, unlike the would-be belligerents among the Earth-people, were scrupulously saving human lives. "Thanks," Don said to his rescuing Gizl as it set him and Alis down gently on the hard ground of the golf course. "Don't mention it," the Gizl said, then leaped off to save others. "He talked!" Alis said. Don watched the Gizl make a mid-air grab and haul back a man who had looked as if he might otherwise have gone over the edge. "He certainly did." "Then that must have been a masquerade, that other time—all that mumbo-jumbo with the Anagrams." "It must have been, unless they learn awfully fast." He and Alis clutched each other again as Superior tilted. It remained steady otherwise and they were able to see the ocean, whose surface was marked with splashes as a variety of loose objects fell into it. Don had a glimpse of Professor Garet's machine plummeting down in the midst of most of Superior's vehicular population. "There's a plane!" Alis cried. "It's going after something on the surface." "It's the Hustler," Don said. "It's after the submarine." The B-58's long pod detached itself, became a guided missile and hit the submarine square in the middle. There was a whooshing explosion, the B-58 banked and disappeared from sight under Superior, and the sub went down.
  • 60. "Sergeant Cort," a voice said, and because Alis was lying with her head on Don's chest she heard it first. "Is that somebody talking to you, Don? Are you a sergeant?" "I'm afraid so," he said. "I'll have to explain later. Sergeant Cort here," he said to the Pentagon. "Things are getting out of hand, Sergeant," the voice of Captain Simmons said. "Captain, that's the understatement of the week." "Whatever it is, we can't allow the people of Superior to be endangered any longer." "No, sir. Is there another submarine?" "Not as far as we know. I'm talking about the state of anarchy in Superior itself, with each of three factions vying for power. Four, counting the kangaroos." "They're not kangaroos, sir. They're Gizls." "Whatever they are. You and I know they're creatures from some other world, and I've managed to persuade the Chief of Staff that this is the case. He's in seeing the Defense Secretary right now. But the State Department isn't buying it." "You mean they don't believe in the Gizls?" "They don't believe they're interplanetary. Their whole orientation at State is toward international trouble. Anything interplanetary sends them into a complete flap. We can't even get them to discuss the exploration of the moon, and that's practically around the corner." "What shall we do, sir?" "Between you and me, Sergeant—" Captain Simmons' voice interrupted itself. "Never mind that now. Here comes the Defense
  • 61. Secretary." "Foghorn Frank?" Don asked. "Sh." Frank Fogarty had earned his nickname in his younger years when he commanded a tugboat in New York Harbor. That was before his quick rise in the shipbuilding industry where he got the reputation as a wartime expediter that led to his cabinet appointment. "Is this the gadget?" Don heard Fogarty say. "Yes, sir." "Okay. Sergeant Cort?" Fogarty boomed. "Can you hear me?" It was no wonder they called him Foghorn. "Yes, sir," Don said, wincing. "Fine. You've been doing a topnotch job. Don't think I don't know what's been going on. I've heard the tapes. Now, son, are you ready for a little action? We're going to stir them up at State." "Yes, sir," Don said again. "Good. Then stand up. No, better not if Superior is still gyrating. Just raise your right hand and I'll give you a field promotion to major. Temporary, of course. I can do that, can't I, General?" Apparently the Chief of Staff was there, and agreed. "Right," Fogarty said. "Now, Sergeant, repeat after me...." Don, too overwhelmed to say anything else, repeated after him. "Now then, Major Cort, we're going to present the State Department with what they would call a fait accompli. You are now Military Governor of Superior, son, with all the power of the U.S. Defense Establishment behind you. A C-97 troop carrier plane is loading. I'll give you the ETA as soon as I know it. A hundred paratroopers.
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