How Spark Enables the Internet of Things: Efficient Integration of Multiple Spark Components for Smart City Use Cases
- 1. © 2015 IBM Corporation How Spark Enables the Internet of Things: Efficient Integration of Multiple Spark Components for Smart City Use Cases Paula Ta-Shma IBM Research [email protected] Joint work with: Adnan Akbar, University of Surrey Michael Factor, IBM Research Guy Hadash, IBM Research Juan Sancho, ATOS
- 2. © 2015 IBM Corporation2 The Evolution of Data Collection Internet of Things
- 3. © 2015 IBM Corporation3 2005 2012 2017 The IoT market will grow to $1.7 trillion in 2020 (IDC) By 2020 the number of networked devices will be 30 billion (IDC), more than 4 times the entire global population IoT : The Biggest Big Data GlobalDataVolumeinExabytes 2005 2012 2017
- 4. © 2015 IBM Corporation4 EMT Madrid Bus Company Needs to Make Decisions According to Current and Predicted Future Traffic State The Problem – EMT needs to staff control rooms where employees manually analyze Madrid traffic sensor output. This can be slow and costly. Objective – Improve customer satisfaction and reduce costs by responding more efficiently and quickly to real- time traffic problems Approach – Monitor data from up to 3000 sensors. React by rerouting buses, modifying traffic lights, etc., based upon knowledge derived from historical data Today Tomorrow
- 5. © 2015 IBM Corporation5 1. Collect historical time series data – Collect data from devices – Aggregate into objects – Index and/or partition Generic IoT Architecture – Data Flow Secor IoT Swift
- 6. © 2015 IBM Corporation6 2. Learn patterns in data – May be time/location dependent – Generate thresholds, classifiers etc. Generic IoT Architecture – Data Flow Secor Swift
- 7. © 2015 IBM Corporation7 IoT 3. Apply what was learned on real time data stream – Take action Generic IoT Architecture – Data Flow Secor CEP Swift
- 8. © 2015 IBM Corporation8 How Spark Enables the Internet of Things: Efficient Integration of Multiple Spark Components for Smart City Use Cases IoT Generic IoT Architecture – Data Flow CEP Secor Swift Green Flows: Real time Purple Flows: Batch
- 9. © 2015 IBM Corporation9 Aim: Collect historical timeseries data for analysis – Continuously collect data from up to 3000 Madrid council traffic sensors via web service - Data includes traffic speeds and intensities, updated every 5 mins – Push the messages to Kafka – Use Secor to aggregate multiple messages into a single Swift object - According to policy, e.g., every 60 mins - Possibly partition the data, e.g. according to date - Convert to Parquet format - Annotate with metadata, e.g., min/max speed, start/end time – Index Swift objects according to their metadata using ElasticSearch Secor Swift IoT Architecture – Madrid Traffic – Ingestion Flow IoT
- 10. © 2015 IBM Corporation10 IoT Architecture – Madrid Traffic – Data Access Aim: Access data efficiently and cost effectively – Store IoT data in OpenStack Swift object storage - Open source, low cost deployment, and highly scalable – Parquet data is accessible via Spark SQL – Optimized predicate pushdown - Custom Spark SQL external data source driver - Uses object metadata indexes - Searches for Swift objects whose min/max values overlap requested ranges Get all data for morning traffic: SELECT codigo, intensidad, velocidad FROM madridtraffic WHERE tf >= '08:00:00' AND tf <= '12:00:00' Brute force method 13245 Swift requests Optimized predicate pushdown 616 Swift requests 21.5 times improvement Swift
- 11. © 2015 IBM Corporation11 IoT Architecture – Madrid Traffic – Machine Learning Aim: Learn to differentiate between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ traffic – Depends on context - Time (morning/evening), Day (weekday/weekend) - Location – Use Spark MLlib k-means clustering – Produce threshold values for real-time decision making – Re-run algorithm when quality of clusters decreases - Can use silhouette index to measure quality Swift
- 12. © 2015 IBM Corporation12 IoT Architecture – Madrid Traffic – Machine Learning Event Detection: • Use Spark MLlib k-means clustering to separate data into 2 clusters • Find the midpoint between the 2 cluster centres • Use this midpoint to generate the thresholds • Repeat for each context e.g. time period (morning, afternoon, evening, night) Anomaly Detection: • Use a single cluster and define an anomaly to be further than a certain distance from the cluster centre Morning Traffic on Weekdays
- 13. © 2015 IBM Corporation13 IoT Architecture – Madrid Traffic – Real Time Decision Making Aim: Respond in real time to traffic conditions – Use Complex Event Processing (CEP) approach - Rule based - Process events record by record - CEP rules are typically defined manually but in many cases it is difficult to get them right - We automate this process and make it smart - uCEP has a small footprint, can be run at the edge CEP IoT Work in Progress Proactive approach: • Use Spark streaming linear regression to predict traffic behavior (e.g. speed, intensity) for near future • Apply CEP on predicted data • Respond pro-actively to predicted events such as traffic congestion – e.g. EMT can proactively re- route buses
- 14. © 2015 IBM Corporation14 Demo
- 15. © 2015 IBM Corporation15 Our Architecture Applies to Many IoT Use Cases Energy/utilities – Anomaly detection - Pipe leakage - Appliance malfunction – Occupancy detection Healthcare – Healthcare patient monitoring/alert/response Insurance – Driver behavior and location monitoring Transportation – Connected vehicles, engine diagnostics, automated service scheduling Logistics – Goods tracking, sensitive goods management
- 16. © 2015 IBM Corporation Data Sources Apache Spark Node-RED Secor Message Bus Data Storage Data Analytics Data Visualization Freeboard Dashboard Object Storage 16 MQTT The Madrid Traffic Use Case on IBM Bluemix Madrid Traffic Sensors Joint work with Naeem Altaf and team
- 17. © 2015 IBM Corporation17 Thank You !
- 18. © 2015 IBM Corporation18 Backup
- 19. © 2015 IBM Corporation19 COSMOS Funding: EU FP7 at level of 2PY x 3 years Started: Sept 2013 Coordinator: ATOS Technical partners: IBM, NTUA, Univ Surrey, Siemens, ATOS Use Case Partners: Hildebrand/Camden, EMT Madrid Bus Transport/Madrid Council, III Taiwan – Smart Cities use cases Project Vision: Enable ‘things’ to interact with each other based on shared experience, trust, reputation etc.
- 20. © 2015 IBM Corporation20 IBM Bluemix Data Analytics for IoT Architecture
- 21. © 2015 IBM Corporation21 What is it? – Apache Kafka is a high throughput distributed publish/subscribe messaging system. – Secor is an open source tool developed by Pinterest, which aggregates Kafka messages and saves as an S3 object. What extensions were needed? – Support for OpenStack Swift as a Secor target. We also added support for Parquet format and annotating objects with metadata search to support indexing. What is the value of integration with Swift? – Enables bringing new data and applications to Swift which is an open source solution. Parquet and metadata search enable improved performance for batch analytics. Status – We contributed OpenStack Swift support to the Secor community and it is now part of Secor. Secor Kafka + Secor
- 22. © 2015 IBM Corporation22 Parquet What is it? – A column based semi-structured, schema-based storage format supported by Hadoop and Spark. Enables column-wise compression and projection pushdown. What integration is needed? – Since Swift is now part of the Hadoop ecosystem, no additional integration is needed. Data in Swift can be stored in Apache Parquet format, inheriting associated advantages. Status – Spark SQL supports storing tabular data in Parquet format in Hadoop compatible storage systems such as Swift.
- 23. © 2015 IBM Corporation23 elasticsearch What is it? – A distributed, scalable, real-time search and analytics engine, built on Apache Lucene. What integration is needed? – Index object metadata allowing search for objects by attributes. What is the value of integration with Swift – Use search to select objects for further processing, e.g., relevant objects for analytics. - Note that S3 does not yet have native search according to metadata. Status – The IBM SoftLayer object service includes a basic implementation of metadata search; At IBM Research, we added extensions such as data type support and range searches.
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