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MySQL InnoDB Cluster
How to Operate the cluster with MySQL Shell
Frédéric Descamps
MySQL Community Manager
October 2019
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Safe Harbor
The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purpose only, and
may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality,
and should not be relied up in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, timing and pricing of any
features or functionality described for Oracle´s product may change and remains at the sole discretion of Oracle
Corporation.
Statement in this presentation relating to Oracle´s future plans, expectations, beliefs, intentions and ptospects
are "forward-looking statements" and are subject to material risks and uncertainties. A detailed discussion of
these factors and other risks that a ect our business is contained in Oracle´s Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC) lings, including our most recent reports on Form 10-K and Form 10-Q under the heading
"Risk Factors". These lings are available on the SEC´s website or on Oracle´s website at
h p://www.oracle.com/investor. All information in this presentation is current as of September 2019 and Oracle
undertakes no duty to update any statement in light of new information or future events.
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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about.me/lefred
Who am I ?
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Frédéric Descamps
@lefred
MySQL Evangelist
Managing MySQL since 3.23
devops believer
living in Belgium 🇧🇪
watched Norsemen
h ps://lefred.be
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster
"A single product — MySQL — with high availability and scaling features baked in;
providing an integrated end-to-end solution that is easy to use."
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster
"A single product — MySQL — with high availability and scaling features baked in;
providing an integrated end-to-end solution that is easy to use."
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Components:
MySQL Server
MySQL Group Replication Plugin
MySQL Clone Plugin
MySQL Shell
MySQL Router
MySQL InnoDB Cluster
"A single product — MySQL — with high availability and scaling features baked in;
providing an integrated end-to-end solution that is easy to use."
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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One Product: MySQL
All components created together
Tested together
Packaged together
MySQL InnoDB Cluster - Goals
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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One Product: MySQL
All components created together
Tested together
Packaged together
Easy to Use
One client: MySQL Shell
Easy packaging
Integrated orchestration
Homogenous servers (*)
Secure automatic provisioning
MySQL InnoDB Cluster - Goals
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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One Product: MySQL
All components created together
Tested together
Packaged together
Easy to Use
One client: MySQL Shell
Easy packaging
Integrated orchestration
Homogenous servers (*)
Secure automatic provisioning
Flexible and Modern
SQL and NoSQL together
Protocol Bu ers
Asynchronous API
Developer friendly
MySQL InnoDB Cluster - Goals
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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One Product: MySQL
All components created together
Tested together
Packaged together
Easy to Use
One client: MySQL Shell
Easy packaging
Integrated orchestration
Homogenous servers (*)
Secure automatic provisioning
Flexible and Modern
SQL and NoSQL together
Protocol Bu ers
Asynchronous API
Developer friendly
Completely Open Source -- GPL!
No license required to have High Availability
MySQL InnoDB Cluster - Goals
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Heart of MySQL InnoDB Cluster
MySQL Group Replication
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL Group Replication
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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High Available Distributed MySQL database
Open Source -- GPL
Distributed fault tolerance
Automatic failover
Active/Active update anywhere (limits apply)
Automatic membership con guration
Adding/removing members
Network partitions, failures
Con ict detection and resolution
Prevents data loss
MySQL Group Replication
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL Group Replication
Implementation of Replicated Database State Machine
Total Order - Writes
XCOM - Paxos implementation
Con gurable Consistency Guarantees
eventual consistency
8.0+: per session & global read/write consistency
Using MySQL replication framework by design
binary logs, relay logs
GTIDs: Global Transaction IDs
Generally Available since MySQL 5.7
Supported on all platforms: linux, windows, solaris, macosx, freebsd
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL Router
Transparent Routing To MySQL
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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provides transparent routing between your application
and back-end MySQL Servers
MySQL Router
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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provides transparent routing between your application
and back-end MySQL Servers
Transparent Access to Database Architecture
Open Source -- GPL
Transparent client connection routing
Load balancing
Application connection failover
Stateless design o ers easy HA client routing
Router as part of the application stack
Native support for InnoDB clusters
Understands Group Replication topology
Utilizes metadata schema on each member
Currently TCP Port each for PRIMARY and NON-
PRIMARY tra c
MySQL Router
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL Router
Con gure MySQL Router:
# mysqlrouter --bootstrap mysql1:3306
# systemctl start mysqlrouter
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL Router
Con gure MySQL Router:
# mysqlrouter --bootstrap mysql1:3306
# systemctl start mysqlrouter
Recommended to be installed on the application server.
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL Router
Con gure MySQL Router:
# mysqlrouter --bootstrap mysql1:3306
# systemctl start mysqlrouter
Recommended to be installed on the application server.
MySQL Router comes also with a REST API to monitor what's going on.
h ps://lefred.be/content/mysqlrouter-8-0-17-and-the-rest-api/
h ps://lefred.be/content/mysql-router-8-0-17s-rest-api-mysql-shell-extensions/
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL Shell
The MySQL DBA's Tool
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL Shell provides the developer and DBA with a
single intuitive, exible, and powerful interface for all
MySQL related tasks!
MySQL Shell
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL Shell provides the developer and DBA with a
single intuitive, exible, and powerful interface for all
MySQL related tasks!
Database Administration Interface
Open Source -- GPL
Multi-Language: JavaScript, Python, and SQL
Naturally scriptable
Supports Document and Relational models
Exposes full Development and Admin API
Classic MySQL protocol and X protocol
MySQL Shell
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Ready for some action ?
Setup MySQL InnoDB Cluster
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Operating the MySQL InnoDB Cluster
Maintenance & Troubleshooting
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Node Provisioning
Before MySQL 8.0.17, any joining node had to be provisioned in advance, using physical or
logical backup for example.
Now, this is not required anymore and everything is automatic thanks to the MySQL
CLONE Plugin !
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
binlog binlog
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
binlog binlog
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
binlog binlog
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
binlog binlog
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
binlog binlog
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
binlog binlog
hello, I would
like to join !
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
binlog binlog
I have no
data yet !
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
binlog binlog
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
binlog binlog
Option 1: Incremental
donor joiner
binlog
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
binlog binlog
Option 1: Incremental
donor joiner
binlog
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
binlog binlog
Option 1: Incremental
donor joiner
binlog
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
binlog binlog
Option 1: Incremental
binlog
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
binlog binlog
Option 2: Clone
binlog
donor joiner
clone
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
binlog binlog
Option 2: Clone
binlog
donor joiner
clone
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
binlog binlog
hello, I would
like to join !
binlog
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
binlog binlog
hello, I would
like to join !
binlog
And I have
no data yet !
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
binlog binlog
We are not
able to provide
you incremental data !
Use CLONE !
binlog
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
binlog binlog
donor joiner
clone
binlog
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
binlog binlog binlog
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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binlog binlog binlog
restored
backup
MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
What kind of provisioning will happen ?
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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binlog binlog binlog
restored
backup  
Incremental Recovery !
MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
What kind of provisioning will happen ?
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Observability
The Admin API's cluster object has a status() method that allows you to see the status of
your cluster as I showed you in the previous demo:
mysqlsh-js> cluster.status()
Provides general information about the cluster and each member status
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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By default the status()
method disables the
extended mode.
It's possible to have much
more information enabling
it.
Observability - status()
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Observability - status({extended})
The extended option allows 4 values (or boolean):
0: disables the command verbosity (default)
1: includes information about the Group Protocol Version, Group name, cluster member
UUIDs, cluster member roles and states as reported by Group Replication and the list of
fenced system variables
2: includes information about transactions processed by connection and applier
3: includes more detailed stats about the replication machinery of each cluster member
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Provides information of:
GR Group name
Group protocol version
Cluster members UUIDs
Cluster members roles
and states
Read-only se ings
Observability - status({extended:1})
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Provides information of:
Transactions processed
by connection and
applier
Observability - status({extended:2})
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Provides information of
Detailed stats about the
replication machinery
of each cluster member
Observability - status({extended:3})
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Observability - Performance_Schema
Other than the status() in the MySQL Shell, it's possible to get information from
Performance_Schema tables:
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Observability - Performance_Schema (2)
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Observability - Performance_Schema (3)
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Observability - Performance_Schema (4)
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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More Info: h ps://lefred.be/content/using-the-new-mysql-
shell-reporting-framework-to-monitor-innodb-cluster/
Observability - MySQL Shell UDR
It's also possible to constantly monitor the status of your MySQL InnoDB Cluster using
User-De ned Reports in MySQL Shell:
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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cluster.options()
Provides information of:
the cluster global con guration options
each cluster member se ings
Cluster Options: Check and Change
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Cluster Options: Group Specific Settings
Within the MySQL Shell you have the possibility to de ne some Group speci c se ings via
the Admin API:
clusterName: string value to de ne the cluster name.
exitStateAction: string value indicating the group replication exit state action.
memberWeight: integer value with a percentage weight for automatic primary election
on failover.
consistency: string value indicating the consistency guarantees that the cluster
provides.
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Cluster Options: Group Specific Settings
expelTimeout: integer value to de ne the time period in seconds that cluster members
should wait for a non-responding member before evicting it from the cluster.
autoRejoinTries: integer value to de ne the number of times an instance will a empt to
rejoin the cluster after being expelled.
disableClone: boolean value used to disable the clone usage on the cluster.
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Cluster Options: Instance Specific Settings
Within the MySQL Shell you can de ne some Group Replication speci c se ings via the
Admin API that will only a ect the targeted instance:
exitStateAction: string value indicating the group replication exit state action.
(ABORT_SERVER, READ_ONLY and OFFLINE_MODE [8.0.18])
memberWeight: integer value with a percentage weight for automatic primary election
on failover.
autoRejoinTries: integer value to de ne the number of times an instance will a empt to
rejoin the cluster after being expelled.
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Cluster Options: Instance Specific Settings
label: a string identi er of the instance.
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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What guarantees do we have that:
We always read the most up-to-date
data?
We do not read stale data of an
evicted server?
Dirty reads do not happen?
Consistency Levels
MySQL InnoDB Cluster operates, by default, in single-primary mode:
Apps and users write to the primary instance
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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mysql> show variables like
'group_replication_consistency';
+-------------------------------+----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------------------+----------+
| group_replication_consistency | EVENTUAL |
+-------------------------------+----------+
 
Consistency Levels
The default consistency level is EVENTUAL. This means that there is no synchronization point
for the transactions, when you perform a write on a node, if you immediately read the
same data on another node, it is eventually there.
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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mysql> show variables like
'group_replication_consistency';
+-------------------------------+----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------------------+----------+
| group_replication_consistency | EVENTUAL |
+-------------------------------+----------+
 
Consistency Levels
The default consistency level is EVENTUAL. This means that there is no synchronization point
for the transactions, when you perform a write on a node, if you immediately read the
same data on another node, it is eventually there.
Since MySQL 8.0.16, we have the possibility to
set the synchronization point at read or at
write or both (globally or for a session).
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Consistency: BEFORE (READ)
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
As a DBA, I want to load balance my reads without deploying additional
restrictions on which server I read from to avoid reading stale data, my group
writes are much more than my group reads.
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Consistency: BEFORE (READ)
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
As a DBA, I want to load balance my reads without deploying additional
restrictions on which server I read from to avoid reading stale data, my group
writes are much more than my group reads.
As a developer, I want specific transactions in my workload to always read up-
to-date data from the group, so that whenever that sensitive data is updated, I
will enforce that reads shall read the most up to date value.
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Consistency: BEFORE (READ)
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Consistency: AFTER (WRITE)
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
I want to load balance my reads without deploying additional restrictions on
which server I read from to avoid reading stale data, my group writes are
much less than my group reads.
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Consistency: AFTER (WRITE)
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
I want to load balance my reads without deploying additional restrictions on
which server I read from to avoid reading stale data, my group writes are
much less than my group reads.
I have a group that mostly does reads-only, I want my read-write transactions
to be applied everywhere once they commit, so that subsequent reads are done on
up-to-date data that includes my latest write. Without paying at reads.
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Consistency: AFTER (WRITE)
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Consistency: BEFORE_AND_AFTER
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
I want that my application to replicate data as close as possible to synchronous.
And of course I'm OK to pay the required price !
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Consistency: BEFORE_AND_AFTER
It's also possible and recommended for the most restrictive levels to de ne it at statement
session level:
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Change Primary
The leader election happens when the current leader is missing from the the majority of
members. This is an automatic process but as a DBA, you can in uence on the result of
such election by se ing weight to nodes individually:
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Change Primary
But you can also change the Primary master on demand:
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Topology Modes
By Default, we use Single-Primary Mode (only one node gets the writes), but it's possible to
run in Multi-Primary Mode too:
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Security
Internal recovery accounts have randomly secure generated passwords
But security policies may enforce passwords lifetime
Support to reset a cluster’s recovery accounts credentials added [8.0.18]
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Logging levels:
1: none
2: internal
3: error
4: warning
5: info
6, 7, 8: debug
Logging
$ mysqlsh –-log-level=8
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Verbose output level:
[1, 4]
enables diagnostic
messages output
Logging
$ mysqlsh –-verbose=4
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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DBA Log SQL level 8.0.18:
0 (default): no logging
1: log all queries except
SELECT and SHOW
2: log all queries
Logging AdminAPI queries (SQL)
$ mysqlsh --dba-log-sql=2
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Thank you !
Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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How to operate MySQL InnoDB Cluster with MySQL Shell

  • 2. MySQL InnoDB Cluster How to Operate the cluster with MySQL Shell Frédéric Descamps MySQL Community Manager October 2019 Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 2 / 94
  • 3.   Safe Harbor The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purpose only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied up in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, timing and pricing of any features or functionality described for Oracle´s product may change and remains at the sole discretion of Oracle Corporation. Statement in this presentation relating to Oracle´s future plans, expectations, beliefs, intentions and ptospects are "forward-looking statements" and are subject to material risks and uncertainties. A detailed discussion of these factors and other risks that a ect our business is contained in Oracle´s Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) lings, including our most recent reports on Form 10-K and Form 10-Q under the heading "Risk Factors". These lings are available on the SEC´s website or on Oracle´s website at h p://www.oracle.com/investor. All information in this presentation is current as of September 2019 and Oracle undertakes no duty to update any statement in light of new information or future events. Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 3 / 94
  • 4. about.me/lefred Who am I ? Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 4 / 94
  • 5. Frédéric Descamps @lefred MySQL Evangelist Managing MySQL since 3.23 devops believer living in Belgium 🇧🇪 watched Norsemen h ps://lefred.be Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 5 / 94
  • 6. MySQL InnoDB Cluster "A single product — MySQL — with high availability and scaling features baked in; providing an integrated end-to-end solution that is easy to use." Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 6 / 94
  • 7. MySQL InnoDB Cluster "A single product — MySQL — with high availability and scaling features baked in; providing an integrated end-to-end solution that is easy to use." Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 7 / 94
  • 8. Components: MySQL Server MySQL Group Replication Plugin MySQL Clone Plugin MySQL Shell MySQL Router MySQL InnoDB Cluster "A single product — MySQL — with high availability and scaling features baked in; providing an integrated end-to-end solution that is easy to use." Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 8 / 94
  • 9. One Product: MySQL All components created together Tested together Packaged together MySQL InnoDB Cluster - Goals Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 9 / 94
  • 10. One Product: MySQL All components created together Tested together Packaged together Easy to Use One client: MySQL Shell Easy packaging Integrated orchestration Homogenous servers (*) Secure automatic provisioning MySQL InnoDB Cluster - Goals Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 10 / 94
  • 11. One Product: MySQL All components created together Tested together Packaged together Easy to Use One client: MySQL Shell Easy packaging Integrated orchestration Homogenous servers (*) Secure automatic provisioning Flexible and Modern SQL and NoSQL together Protocol Bu ers Asynchronous API Developer friendly MySQL InnoDB Cluster - Goals Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 11 / 94
  • 12. One Product: MySQL All components created together Tested together Packaged together Easy to Use One client: MySQL Shell Easy packaging Integrated orchestration Homogenous servers (*) Secure automatic provisioning Flexible and Modern SQL and NoSQL together Protocol Bu ers Asynchronous API Developer friendly Completely Open Source -- GPL! No license required to have High Availability MySQL InnoDB Cluster - Goals Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 12 / 94
  • 13. Heart of MySQL InnoDB Cluster MySQL Group Replication Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 13 / 94
  • 14. MySQL Group Replication Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 14 / 94
  • 15. High Available Distributed MySQL database Open Source -- GPL Distributed fault tolerance Automatic failover Active/Active update anywhere (limits apply) Automatic membership con guration Adding/removing members Network partitions, failures Con ict detection and resolution Prevents data loss MySQL Group Replication Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 15 / 94
  • 16. MySQL Group Replication Implementation of Replicated Database State Machine Total Order - Writes XCOM - Paxos implementation Con gurable Consistency Guarantees eventual consistency 8.0+: per session & global read/write consistency Using MySQL replication framework by design binary logs, relay logs GTIDs: Global Transaction IDs Generally Available since MySQL 5.7 Supported on all platforms: linux, windows, solaris, macosx, freebsd Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 16 / 94
  • 17. MySQL Router Transparent Routing To MySQL Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 17 / 94
  • 18. provides transparent routing between your application and back-end MySQL Servers MySQL Router Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 18 / 94
  • 19. provides transparent routing between your application and back-end MySQL Servers Transparent Access to Database Architecture Open Source -- GPL Transparent client connection routing Load balancing Application connection failover Stateless design o ers easy HA client routing Router as part of the application stack Native support for InnoDB clusters Understands Group Replication topology Utilizes metadata schema on each member Currently TCP Port each for PRIMARY and NON- PRIMARY tra c MySQL Router Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 19 / 94
  • 20. MySQL Router Con gure MySQL Router: # mysqlrouter --bootstrap mysql1:3306 # systemctl start mysqlrouter Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 20 / 94
  • 21. MySQL Router Con gure MySQL Router: # mysqlrouter --bootstrap mysql1:3306 # systemctl start mysqlrouter Recommended to be installed on the application server. Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 21 / 94
  • 22. MySQL Router Con gure MySQL Router: # mysqlrouter --bootstrap mysql1:3306 # systemctl start mysqlrouter Recommended to be installed on the application server. MySQL Router comes also with a REST API to monitor what's going on. h ps://lefred.be/content/mysqlrouter-8-0-17-and-the-rest-api/ h ps://lefred.be/content/mysql-router-8-0-17s-rest-api-mysql-shell-extensions/ Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 22 / 94
  • 23. MySQL Shell The MySQL DBA's Tool Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 23 / 94
  • 24. MySQL Shell provides the developer and DBA with a single intuitive, exible, and powerful interface for all MySQL related tasks! MySQL Shell Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 24 / 94
  • 25. MySQL Shell provides the developer and DBA with a single intuitive, exible, and powerful interface for all MySQL related tasks! Database Administration Interface Open Source -- GPL Multi-Language: JavaScript, Python, and SQL Naturally scriptable Supports Document and Relational models Exposes full Development and Admin API Classic MySQL protocol and X protocol MySQL Shell Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 25 / 94
  • 26. Ready for some action ? Setup MySQL InnoDB Cluster Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 26 / 94
  • 27. Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 27 / 94
  • 28. Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 28 / 94
  • 29. Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 29 / 94
  • 30. Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 30 / 94
  • 31. Operating the MySQL InnoDB Cluster Maintenance & Troubleshooting Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 31 / 94
  • 32. Node Provisioning Before MySQL 8.0.17, any joining node had to be provisioned in advance, using physical or logical backup for example. Now, this is not required anymore and everything is automatic thanks to the MySQL CLONE Plugin ! Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 32 / 94
  • 33. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning binlog binlog Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 33 / 94
  • 34. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning binlog binlog Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 34 / 94
  • 35. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning binlog binlog Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 35 / 94
  • 36. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning binlog binlog Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 36 / 94
  • 37. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning binlog binlog Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 37 / 94
  • 38. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning binlog binlog hello, I would like to join ! Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 38 / 94
  • 39. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning binlog binlog I have no data yet ! Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 39 / 94
  • 40. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning binlog binlog Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 40 / 94
  • 41. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning binlog binlog Option 1: Incremental donor joiner binlog Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 41 / 94
  • 42. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning binlog binlog Option 1: Incremental donor joiner binlog Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 42 / 94
  • 43. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning binlog binlog Option 1: Incremental donor joiner binlog Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 43 / 94
  • 44. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning binlog binlog Option 1: Incremental binlog Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 44 / 94
  • 45. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 45 / 94
  • 46. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning binlog binlog Option 2: Clone binlog donor joiner clone Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 46 / 94
  • 47. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning binlog binlog Option 2: Clone binlog donor joiner clone Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 47 / 94
  • 48. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning binlog binlog hello, I would like to join ! binlog Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 48 / 94
  • 49. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning binlog binlog hello, I would like to join ! binlog And I have no data yet ! Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 49 / 94
  • 50. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning binlog binlog We are not able to provide you incremental data ! Use CLONE ! binlog Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 50 / 94
  • 51. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning binlog binlog donor joiner clone binlog Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 51 / 94
  • 52. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning binlog binlog binlog Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 52 / 94
  • 53. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 53 / 94
  • 54. binlog binlog binlog restored backup MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning What kind of provisioning will happen ? Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 54 / 94
  • 55. binlog binlog binlog restored backup   Incremental Recovery ! MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning What kind of provisioning will happen ? Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 55 / 94
  • 56. MySQL InnoDB Cluster Provisioning Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 56 / 94
  • 57. Observability The Admin API's cluster object has a status() method that allows you to see the status of your cluster as I showed you in the previous demo: mysqlsh-js> cluster.status() Provides general information about the cluster and each member status Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 57 / 94
  • 58. By default the status() method disables the extended mode. It's possible to have much more information enabling it. Observability - status() Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 58 / 94
  • 59. Observability - status({extended}) The extended option allows 4 values (or boolean): 0: disables the command verbosity (default) 1: includes information about the Group Protocol Version, Group name, cluster member UUIDs, cluster member roles and states as reported by Group Replication and the list of fenced system variables 2: includes information about transactions processed by connection and applier 3: includes more detailed stats about the replication machinery of each cluster member Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 59 / 94
  • 60. Provides information of: GR Group name Group protocol version Cluster members UUIDs Cluster members roles and states Read-only se ings Observability - status({extended:1}) Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 60 / 94
  • 61. Provides information of: Transactions processed by connection and applier Observability - status({extended:2}) Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 61 / 94
  • 62. Provides information of Detailed stats about the replication machinery of each cluster member Observability - status({extended:3}) Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 62 / 94
  • 63. Observability - Performance_Schema Other than the status() in the MySQL Shell, it's possible to get information from Performance_Schema tables: Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 63 / 94
  • 64. Observability - Performance_Schema (2) Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 64 / 94
  • 65. Observability - Performance_Schema (3) Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 65 / 94
  • 66. Observability - Performance_Schema (4) Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 66 / 94
  • 67. More Info: h ps://lefred.be/content/using-the-new-mysql- shell-reporting-framework-to-monitor-innodb-cluster/ Observability - MySQL Shell UDR It's also possible to constantly monitor the status of your MySQL InnoDB Cluster using User-De ned Reports in MySQL Shell: Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 67 / 94
  • 68. cluster.options() Provides information of: the cluster global con guration options each cluster member se ings Cluster Options: Check and Change Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 68 / 94
  • 69. Cluster Options: Group Specific Settings Within the MySQL Shell you have the possibility to de ne some Group speci c se ings via the Admin API: clusterName: string value to de ne the cluster name. exitStateAction: string value indicating the group replication exit state action. memberWeight: integer value with a percentage weight for automatic primary election on failover. consistency: string value indicating the consistency guarantees that the cluster provides. Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 69 / 94
  • 70. Cluster Options: Group Specific Settings expelTimeout: integer value to de ne the time period in seconds that cluster members should wait for a non-responding member before evicting it from the cluster. autoRejoinTries: integer value to de ne the number of times an instance will a empt to rejoin the cluster after being expelled. disableClone: boolean value used to disable the clone usage on the cluster. Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 70 / 94
  • 71. Cluster Options: Instance Specific Settings Within the MySQL Shell you can de ne some Group Replication speci c se ings via the Admin API that will only a ect the targeted instance: exitStateAction: string value indicating the group replication exit state action. (ABORT_SERVER, READ_ONLY and OFFLINE_MODE [8.0.18]) memberWeight: integer value with a percentage weight for automatic primary election on failover. autoRejoinTries: integer value to de ne the number of times an instance will a empt to rejoin the cluster after being expelled. Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 71 / 94
  • 72. Cluster Options: Instance Specific Settings label: a string identi er of the instance. Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 72 / 94
  • 73. What guarantees do we have that: We always read the most up-to-date data? We do not read stale data of an evicted server? Dirty reads do not happen? Consistency Levels MySQL InnoDB Cluster operates, by default, in single-primary mode: Apps and users write to the primary instance Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 73 / 94
  • 74. mysql> show variables like 'group_replication_consistency'; +-------------------------------+----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------------+----------+ | group_replication_consistency | EVENTUAL | +-------------------------------+----------+   Consistency Levels The default consistency level is EVENTUAL. This means that there is no synchronization point for the transactions, when you perform a write on a node, if you immediately read the same data on another node, it is eventually there. Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 74 / 94
  • 75. mysql> show variables like 'group_replication_consistency'; +-------------------------------+----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------------+----------+ | group_replication_consistency | EVENTUAL | +-------------------------------+----------+   Consistency Levels The default consistency level is EVENTUAL. This means that there is no synchronization point for the transactions, when you perform a write on a node, if you immediately read the same data on another node, it is eventually there. Since MySQL 8.0.16, we have the possibility to set the synchronization point at read or at write or both (globally or for a session). Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 75 / 94
  • 76. Consistency: BEFORE (READ) Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. As a DBA, I want to load balance my reads without deploying additional restrictions on which server I read from to avoid reading stale data, my group writes are much more than my group reads. 76 / 94
  • 77. Consistency: BEFORE (READ) Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. As a DBA, I want to load balance my reads without deploying additional restrictions on which server I read from to avoid reading stale data, my group writes are much more than my group reads. As a developer, I want specific transactions in my workload to always read up- to-date data from the group, so that whenever that sensitive data is updated, I will enforce that reads shall read the most up to date value. 77 / 94
  • 78. Consistency: BEFORE (READ) Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 78 / 94
  • 79. Consistency: AFTER (WRITE) Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. I want to load balance my reads without deploying additional restrictions on which server I read from to avoid reading stale data, my group writes are much less than my group reads. 79 / 94
  • 80. Consistency: AFTER (WRITE) Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. I want to load balance my reads without deploying additional restrictions on which server I read from to avoid reading stale data, my group writes are much less than my group reads. I have a group that mostly does reads-only, I want my read-write transactions to be applied everywhere once they commit, so that subsequent reads are done on up-to-date data that includes my latest write. Without paying at reads. 80 / 94
  • 81. Consistency: AFTER (WRITE) Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 81 / 94
  • 82. Consistency: BEFORE_AND_AFTER Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. I want that my application to replicate data as close as possible to synchronous. And of course I'm OK to pay the required price ! 82 / 94
  • 83. Consistency: BEFORE_AND_AFTER It's also possible and recommended for the most restrictive levels to de ne it at statement session level: Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 83 / 94
  • 84. Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 84 / 94
  • 85. Change Primary The leader election happens when the current leader is missing from the the majority of members. This is an automatic process but as a DBA, you can in uence on the result of such election by se ing weight to nodes individually: Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 85 / 94
  • 86. Change Primary But you can also change the Primary master on demand: Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 86 / 94
  • 87. Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 87 / 94
  • 88. Topology Modes By Default, we use Single-Primary Mode (only one node gets the writes), but it's possible to run in Multi-Primary Mode too: Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 88 / 94
  • 89. Security Internal recovery accounts have randomly secure generated passwords But security policies may enforce passwords lifetime Support to reset a cluster’s recovery accounts credentials added [8.0.18] Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 89 / 94
  • 90. Logging levels: 1: none 2: internal 3: error 4: warning 5: info 6, 7, 8: debug Logging $ mysqlsh –-log-level=8 Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 90 / 94
  • 91. Verbose output level: [1, 4] enables diagnostic messages output Logging $ mysqlsh –-verbose=4 Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 91 / 94
  • 92. DBA Log SQL level 8.0.18: 0 (default): no logging 1: log all queries except SELECT and SHOW 2: log all queries Logging AdminAPI queries (SQL) $ mysqlsh --dba-log-sql=2 Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 92 / 94
  • 93. Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 93 / 94
  • 94. Thank you ! Copyright @ 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. 94 / 94