IGCSE ICT - Input and Output Devices - Direct Data Entry (DDE) Devices - Ajiro Tech - Part 2
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The document discusses various direct data entry (DDE) devices, including magnetic stripe readers, chip and pin readers, RFID readers, OMR, OCR, barcode, and QR code readers, describing their uses, advantages, and disadvantages. These devices enable data input with minimal human interaction, improving efficiency and accuracy, but each has potential drawbacks such as security risks or the need for careful design. A comparative analysis of these technologies highlights their roles in different applications, such as payment processing, livestock tracking, and document digitization.
IGCSE ICT - Input and Output Devices - Direct Data Entry (DDE) Devices - Ajiro Tech - Part 2
- 1. 2.2 Direct Data Entry (DDE) devices WWW.YAHMAD.CO.UK • Describe direct data entry and associated devices, e.g. magnetic stripe readers, chip and PIN readers, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) readers, Magnetic Ink Character Reader (MICR), Optical Mark Reader (OMR), Optical Character Reader (OCR), bar code reader • Identify the advantages and disadvantages of any of the above devices in comparison with others A J I R O N D I Ajiro Tech – Best IGCSE ICT YouTube Channel Chapter 2: Input and output devices
- 2. 2.2 Direct Data Entry (DDE) devices Direct data entry (DDE) devices are used to input data into a computer without the need for very much, if any, human interaction A J I R O N D I Ajiro Tech – Best IGCSE ICT YouTube Channel Chapter 2: Input and output devices 2 Device Uses Advantages Disadvantages Card readers: Magnetic stripe readers ❖ These are used to read information on the magnetic stripe ❖ e.g., the back of a credit or debit card. The stripe contains useful information, such as: account number, sort code, expiry date and start date. ❖ On credit/debit cards for use at ATMs or EFTPOS (electronic funds transfer at ❖ point of sale) terminals. ❖ » Security devices to allow entry to buildings, hotel rooms, etc. ❖ Fast data entry, rather than keying in with a keyboard or keypad. ❖ Error-free (because no typing is involved). ❖ Secure (information not in human readable form). ❖ Prevents access to restricted/secure areas. ❖ Not affected by oil, water, moisture, etc. ❖ If the magnetic stripe gets damaged (for example, due to exposure to a strong magnetic field) the data is lost. ❖ Does not work at a distance (card needs to be in close contact with reader). Card readers: Contactless debit card readers ❖ Contactless debit or credit cards allow customers to pay for items worth up to a certain amount of money without entering their PIN. ❖ small chip that emits radio waves embedded in them ❖ The card is held within a few centimetres of the payment terminal to pay for an item ❖ Faster transactions (typical transaction takes 10 seconds as opposed to 30 seconds using magnetic stripe reader). ❖ Customers do not have to worry about typing errors (such as incorrectly typing in a PIN). ❖ Retailers no longer have access to the customer’s credit/debit card information. ❖ Customers look out for the contactless symbol on the payment terminal. ❖ The shop assistant enters the amount for payment. ❖ The card reader informs the customer to present their contactless card. ❖ The customer holds their card close to the front of the card reader. ❖ The terminal display will indicate that the card has been read successfully. ❖ They are more expensive than normal credit/debit cards. ❖ Can take money twice if the customer uses it as a chip and PIN card (one is contactless and the other is chip and PIN). ❖ Transactions are usually limited to a small maximum value (for example, £40). ❖ Transactions have been carried out, in some countries, without the card holder being aware
- 3. 2.2 Direct Data Entry (DDE) devices A J I R O N D I Ajiro Tech – Best IGCSE ICT YouTube Channel Chapter 2: Input and output devices 3 Device Uses Advantages Disadvantages Card readers: Chip and PIN readers ❖ smart card readers but are used at EFTPOS terminals ❖ similar to the contactless system, except you key in your PIN to make a transaction and they don’t make use of radio frequency technology. ❖ Where payments are made using cards (restaurants, supermarkets, travel agents, etc.). ❖ More secure system than contactless payments (PIN typed in must match up with PIN stored on chip). ❖ More robust system than magnetic stripe cards. ❖ Fraud – need to be careful to ensure PIN is not read by somebody else while typing it in. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) readers ❖ use radio waves to read and capture information stored on a tag. ❖ In some applications, the tag can be read from a distance of several metres. The RFID tag is made up of two components: a microchip that stores and processes information; an antenna which is used to receive and transmit data/information. ❖ No line-of-sight contact is necessary; the tags can be read from a distance. ❖ It is a very robust and reliable technology. ❖ Bidirectional data transfer (that is, it allows read and write operations to take place). ❖ Bulk detection is possible (that is, it can detect several RFID tags at the same time). ❖ Livestock tracking (so that the whereabouts of each animal on a farm is known ❖ Retail (it is similar to barcodes, but does not require any scanning; details ❖ Libraries (books can be tracked in and out automatically by readers at the library entrance; no need to scan barcodes or use magnetic stripe cards, ❖ making the process quicker and more accurate) ❖ Tag collision (this is when the signals from two or more tags overlap, interfering with each other). ❖ Uses radio waves, they are relatively easy to jam or interrupt. ❖ RFID is more expensive than a comparable barcode system.
- 4. 2.2 Direct Data Entry (DDE) devices A J I R O N D I Ajiro Tech – Best IGCSE ICT YouTube Channel Chapter 2: Input and output devices 4 Device Uses Advantages Disadvantages Optical mark recognition/reader (OMR) ❖ device which can read marks written in pen or pencil on a form. ❖ Used to read questionnaires, multiple-choice examination papers, voting papers and many other types of form where responses are registered in the form of lines or shaded areas. ❖ Very fast way of inputting the results of a survey, etc. The documents are fed in automatically and there is no user input. ❖ Because there is no typing, they are more accurate than keying in the data. ❖ They are more accurate than OCR methods. ❖ The forms need to be carefully designed to make sure the marks/shading are correctly positioned to gather accurate information. ❖ There can be problems if they have not been filled in correctly; sometimes they have to be manually checked before being read, which is both time consuming and expensive Optical character recognition/reader (OCR) ❖ name given to a device that converts the text on hard copy documents into an electronic form ❖ converts this electronic data into a form that can then be used in various application packages, such as word processors or presentation software. ❖ It is a much faster data entry system than manually keying in data. ❖ Because there is no manual data entry, the number of errors is also reduced. ❖ One of the most recent uses is the processing of passports and identity cards. ❖ Converting hard copy documents into electronic form which can be stored on a computer. ❖ Used in automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) systems in car parks. ❖ Digitising historic newspapers and rare books so they can be archived and used by researchers, preventing damage to the originals. ❖ The system still has difficulty reading some handwriting. ❖ Still not a very accurate technique.
- 5. 2.2 Direct Data Entry (DDE) devices A J I R O N D I Ajiro Tech – Best IGCSE ICT YouTube Channel Chapter 2: Input and output devices 5 Device Uses Advantages Disadvantages Barcode readers ❖ used to read information in the form of a bar code ❖ The readers are usually in the form of a barcode scanner and are often built into POS terminals in supermarkets. Handheld scanners or wands ❖ Used in supermarkets and other shops where the goods are marked with a barcode ❖ Used in libraries to keep track of books on loan. ❖ Used as a safety function in many companies to ensure that electrical equipment is checked on a regular basis ❖ Much faster than keying in data manually and fewer mistakes will be made. ❖ They allow automatic stock control. ❖ They are a tried and trusted technology. ❖ Relatively expensive system to administer. ❖ Not fool-proof (barcodes can be swapped around on items). ❖ Can be more easily damaged than RFID tags or magnetic stripes. Quick response (QR) code scanners (readers) ❖ made up of a matrix of filled- in dark squares on a light background ❖ hold considerably more information than the more conventional barcodes ❖ consists of a block of small squares (light and dark) known as pixels ❖ holds up to 4296 characters (or up to 7089 digits) and allows internet addresses to be encoded within ❖ They can hold much more information than normal barcode. ❖ QR codes are easier to read; they do not need expensive laser or LED scanners like barcodes – they can be read by the cameras used ❖ on smartphones and tablets. ❖ It is easy to transmit QR codes either as text messages or images. ❖ Used in advertising to contain data such as business addresses, phone numbers, email addresses and website addresses ❖ Contain links to apps (for e.g., they can be found in app stores to enable the appropriate apps to be quickly downloaded onto a user’s device). ❖ Wi-Fi authentication; QR codes can be used to store Wi-Fi network authentication details, including passwords and type of ❖ encryption used ❖ More than one QR format is available. ❖ QR codes can be used to transmit malicious codes; known as attagging (Free apps make QR code generation easy, but they can embed malicious code, risking access to your data and devices)