Intro to Functional Programming with Scala - #psuweb

Jun 22, 2015Download as pptx, pdf

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DerekMorr

Slides from Introduction to Functional Programming with Scala talk by Derek Morr at the 2015 PSU WebConference

Demo code is at
https://github.com/derekmorr/webconf2015

What’s your background?
● Java? C#? C++?
● Python, Ruby, JavaScript?
● Haskell, ML, Erlang, Lisp?
● F#? Scala? Clojure?
● Anything else?

Intro to Functional Programming with Scala - #psuweb

x = x + 1
if x is 5, then:
5 = 5 + 1
5 = 6
no, 5 ≠ 6

Purity
// impure
var a = 1
def incr() = {
a += 1
}
// pure
def incr(a: Int) = {
a + 1
}

An example
find . -type f | grep foo | sort | uniq

What’s a side effect?
A lot of stuff we do now:
● Reassigning variables
● Modifying data in-place
● Throwing exceptions
● Interacting w/ the external environment

What’s it like?
Immutability
Value In, Value Out
Emphasis on data flow
Descriptive, not imperative

Immutability
OO makes code understandable by
encapsulating moving parts.
FP makes code understandable by
minimizing moving parts.
— Michael Feathers

An Example
def firstLarger(data: List[Int], threshold: Int): Int = ???

An Example
def firstLarger(data: List[Int], threshold: Int): Int = ???
val numbers = List(3, 2, 4, 7, 9, 8, 1)
firstLarger(numbers, 5) // returns 7
firstLarger(numbers, 10) // returns ?

Method Signatures & Error Signaling
public int firstLarger(final int[] data,
final int threshold) throws NoSuchElementException

Method Signatures & Error Signaling
/**
* ...
* @return null on error
*/
public Integer firstLarger(final int[] data, final int threshold)

“My Billion Dollar Mistake”
“I call it my billion-dollar mistake. It was the invention of the null
reference in 1965... This has led to innumerable errors,
vulnerabilities, and system crashes, which have probably
caused a billion dollars of pain and damage in the last forty
years.”
- Sir Tony Hoare (2009)
Null References: The Billion Dollar Mistake

Use the type system
Option[T]
Some(value: T) None

Option
sealed abstract class Option[T]
// wrapper around a value
final class Some[T](value: T) extends Option[T]
// Singleton marker for no value
// Not null. Safe to dereference.
object None extends Option

Scala Map
val people = Map("Frank" -> "N. Furter",
"Lady" -> "Gaga")
val frank = people.get("Frank")
frank: Option[String] = Some(N. Furter)
val bob = people.get("Bob")
bob: Option[String] = None

Signature
val numbers = List(3, 2, 4, 7, 9, 8, 1)
def firstLarger(data: List[Int], threshold: Int): Option[Int] = ???
firstLarger(numbers, 5) // Some(5)
firstLarger(numbers, 10) // None

A Detour - Functional Lists
1 :: 2 :: 3 :: Nil
synonym for empty
list

A Detour - Functional Lists
1 :: 2 :: 3 :: Nil
pronounced “cons”

A Detour - Functional Lists
1 :: 2 :: 3 :: Nil

A Detour - Functional Lists
1 :: 2 :: 3 :: NilList(1,2,3) =

A Detour - Functional Lists
1 :: 2 :: 3 :: Nil
head
tail
(also a List)

A Detour - Functional Lists
1 :: 2 :: 3 :: Nil
head
tail

Two good books
First 11 chapters online for free. Some chapters online for free.
40% off at
manning.com
w/ code tsfp14

Pattern Matching
Slides: Czech Scala Enthusiasts: Pattern
Matching and Case Classes (1h45)
See also their blog.

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Intro to Functional Programming with Scala - #psuweb

1. Derek Morr, Penn State @derekmorr Functional Programming with

2. Demo code is at https://github.com/derekmorr/webconf2015

3. What’s your background? ● Java? C#? C++? ● Python, Ruby, JavaScript? ● Haskell, ML, Erlang, Lisp? ● F#? Scala? Clojure? ● Anything else?

5. Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2015

6. Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2015

7. Is this valid? x = x + 1

8. x = x + 1 if x is 5, then: 5 = 5 + 1 5 = 6 no, 5 ≠ 6

10. Purity // impure var a = 1 def incr() = { a += 1 } // pure def incr(a: Int) = { a + 1 }

11. An example find . -type f | grep foo | sort | uniq

12. What’s a side effect? A lot of stuff we do now: ● Reassigning variables ● Modifying data in-place ● Throwing exceptions ● Interacting w/ the external environment

13. What’s it like? Immutability Value In, Value Out Emphasis on data flow Descriptive, not imperative

14. Immutability OO makes code understandable by encapsulating moving parts. FP makes code understandable by minimizing moving parts. — Michael Feathers

15. An Example def firstLarger(data: List[Int], threshold: Int): Int = ???

16. An Example def firstLarger(data: List[Int], threshold: Int): Int = ??? val numbers = List(3, 2, 4, 7, 9, 8, 1) firstLarger(numbers, 5) // returns 7 firstLarger(numbers, 10) // returns ?

17. Method Signatures & Error Signaling public int firstLarger(final int[] data, final int threshold) throws NoSuchElementException

18. Method Signatures & Error Signaling /** * ... * @return null on error */ public Integer firstLarger(final int[] data, final int threshold)

19. “My Billion Dollar Mistake” “I call it my billion-dollar mistake. It was the invention of the null reference in 1965... This has led to innumerable errors, vulnerabilities, and system crashes, which have probably caused a billion dollars of pain and damage in the last forty years.” - Sir Tony Hoare (2009) Null References: The Billion Dollar Mistake

20. Use the type system Option[T] Some(value: T) None

21. Option sealed abstract class Option[T] // wrapper around a value final class Some[T](value: T) extends Option[T] // Singleton marker for no value // Not null. Safe to dereference. object None extends Option

22. Scala Map val people = Map("Frank" -> "N. Furter", "Lady" -> "Gaga") val frank = people.get("Frank") frank: Option[String] = Some(N. Furter) val bob = people.get("Bob") bob: Option[String] = None

23. Signature val numbers = List(3, 2, 4, 7, 9, 8, 1) def firstLarger(data: List[Int], threshold: Int): Option[Int] = ??? firstLarger(numbers, 5) // Some(5) firstLarger(numbers, 10) // None

24. Demo

25. A Detour - Functional Lists List(1,2,3)

26. A Detour - Functional Lists 1 :: 2 :: 3 :: Nil synonym for empty list

27. A Detour - Functional Lists 1 :: 2 :: 3 :: Nil pronounced “cons”

28. A Detour - Functional Lists 1 :: 2 :: 3 :: Nil

29. A Detour - Functional Lists 1 :: 2 :: 3 :: Nil

30. A Detour - Functional Lists 1 :: 2 :: 3 :: NilList(1,2,3) =

31. A Detour - Functional Lists 1 :: 2 :: 3 :: Nil head tail (also a List)

32. A Detour - Functional Lists 1 :: 2 :: 3 :: Nil head tail

33. A Detour - Functional Lists 1 :: 2 :: 3 :: Nil head tail

34. A Detour - Functional Lists 1 :: 2 :: 3 :: Nil

35. A nice overview of Scala

36. If you want to learn FP - short

37. FP for OO folks

38. If you want to learn FP - long

39. Two good books First 11 chapters online for free. Some chapters online for free. 40% off at manning.com w/ code tsfp14

40. Pattern Matching Slides: Czech Scala Enthusiasts: Pattern Matching and Case Classes (1h45) See also their blog.

41. Questions?

Editor's Notes

#4: ask what they want to get out of talk, langs used, who’s used underscore ?
#5: Scala is #14 #25 in TIOBE
#7: F#, Scala, Clojure are functional. Rust has functional elements.
#10: pure function. value in value out. no side effects. side effects = reach outside box for variable access or io. or exceptions.
#12: No state. Not mutating a variable, we’re streaming data thru functions. Data isn’t changed during processing.
#17: Btw, ??? is valid scala - it’s a symbolic method name for undefined methods. Handy in code instead of TODO
#20: Famous computer scientist. Invented Quicksort. Won Turing Award, John von Neumann Medal, Kyoto Prize, Fellow of Royal Society & Royal Academy of Engineering. Even in “null-safe” languages like Ruby, nil is a bad idea - http://www.sandimetz.com/blog/2014/12/19/suspicions-of-nil Also, NULLs in SQL are a bad idea: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BC-OBmreMHY
#22: explain “sealed” keyword

Intro to Functional Programming with Scala - #psuweb

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Editor's Notes