Introduction to Arduino and Hands on to Iot

Arduino
THE OPEN-SOURCE ELECTRONICS PROTOTYPING PLATFORM
Introduction to …

Content
What is Arduino?
Arduino Uno.
HC-05 Bluetooth Module.
Relay Module.
Arduino Programming.
Building Circuits.
Conclusion.

The Arduino is an …
 single-board microcontroller, intended to make the application of interactive objects
or environments more accessible .
Designed to make the process of using electronics multidisciplinary projects more
accessible.

Arduino can…
Sense the environment by receiving input from variety of sensors.
Affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators.

Arduino Boards:
MegaUNO LilyPad
Arduino BT Arduino Nano Arduino Mini

Introduction to Arduino and Hands on to Iot

Setting Up IDE
Check out: http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage
1. Download & install the Arduino environment (IDE).
2. Connect the board to your computer via the USB cable.
3. If needed, install the drivers.
4. Launch the Arduino IDE.
5. Select your board.
6. Select your serial port.
7. Open the blink example .
8. Upload the program.

Programming Environment
The Arduino Uno can be programmed with the Arduino software IDE(integrated
development environment) .
The Atmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes preburned with a Bootloader that allows
you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer.
You can also bypass the Bootloader and program the microcontroller through the
ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header.
Arduino IDE works on windows , linux as well as Mac lion X platforms.

Data Types and operators
Integer: used with integer variables with value between
2147483647 and -2147483647.
Ex: int x=1200;
Character: used with single character, represent value from -
127 to 128.
Ex. char c=‘r’;
Long: Long variables are extended size variables for number
storage, and store 32 bits (4 bytes), from -2,147,483,648 to
2,147,483,647.
Ex. long u=199203;
Floating-point numbers can be as large as 3.4028235E+38
and as low as -3.4028235E+38. They are stored as 32 bits (4
bytes) of information.
Ex. float num=1.291; [The same as double type]

Statement and operators:
Statement represents a command, it ends with ;
Ex:
int x;
x=13;
Operators are symbols that used to indicate a specific function:
- Math operators: [+,-,*,/,%,^]
- Logic operators: [==, !=, &&, ||]
- Comparison operators: [==, >, <, !=, <=, >=]
Syntax:
; Semicolon, {} curly braces, //single line comment,
/*Multi-line comments*/

Statement and operators:
Compound Operators:
++ (increment)
-- (decrement)
+= (compound addition)
-= (compound subtraction)
*= (compound multiplication)
/= (compound division)

Control statements:
If Conditioning:
if(condition)
{
statements-1;
…
Statement-N;
}
else if(condition2)
{
Statements;
}
Else{statements;}

Control statements:
Switch case:
switch (var) {
case 1:
//do something when var equals 1
break;
case 2:
//do something when var equals 2
break;
default:
// if nothing else matches, do the default
// default is optional
}

Loop statements:
Do… while:
do
{
Statements;
}
while(condition); // the statements are run at least once.
While:
While(condition)
{statements;}
for
for (int i=0; i <= val; i++){
statements;
}
Use break statement to stop the loop whenever needed.

Code structure:
Void setup()
{
//Used to indicate the initial values of system on starting.
}
Void loop()
{
//Contains the statements that will run whenever the system is powered after setup.
}

Input and output:
Led blinking example:
Used functions:
pinMode();
digitalRead();
digitalWrite();
delay(time_ms);
other functions:
analogRead();
analogWrite();//PWM.

Final thoughts
Arduino is a cheap and versatile open source prototyping environment
It is basically designed for novice , non technical people
Programming language is simple
Arduino has a terrific community support and documentation
Technical people can use Arduino for testing sensors or other
prototyping work

Introduction to Arduino and Hands on to Iot

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