Introduction to Arduino Webinar
- 1. Frank Fourlas Introduction to Arduino
- 2. What you are going to learn • What is an Arduino and why learn to use it • Hardware Capabilities • Basics of Digital & Analog I/O • Write basic C++ code and perform simple tasks • Work from examples and projects
- 3. What is an Arduino “Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company originating from Italy. They design microcontrollers based (mostly) on the ATmega family of microprocessors by Atmel.”
- 4. A Microcontroller (MCU) • “A small computer on a single metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) chip” –Wikipedia • One or more CPUs • Memory (ProgMem, RAM) • Input/Output Peripherals • Used in automation, IoT, appliances, remote control, etc
- 5. Open-Source • Hardware: Creative Commons • Publicly available schematics • Permission to manufacture custom boards • Cheap 3rd party compatibles • Software: GNU General Public License • Free/distributed • Huge community (Help/Patching/Expanding) • Variety of processors (AVR, ARM, ESP)
- 6. Based on ATmega Microprocessors • Pin Breakout • Voltage Regulator • USB – Serial Converter • Clock
- 7. Why Arduino? • Plug and Play • Huge, expanding community • Troubleshooting and help • (Too) Many modules/sensors/expansions available • Not too simple, not too advanced • Cheap • Easy to learn • Baseline for more
- 8. Some Examples Rocket v.2 mainboard Sound reactive lighting Creality Ender3 mainboard PS1 modchip using PsNee
- 9. • Different Arduino Boards • A map of the Arduino UNO • Basics of Digital & Analog I/O Hardware Capabilities
- 10. Arduino Boards • Arduino UNO (ATmega328P) • Arduino Nano (ATmega328) • Arduino Micro (ATmega32U4) 20€ - 5€ 15€ - 0.9€
- 11. Digital I/O • Output: • Turn a pin On or Off • Supply 5V or connect to Ground • Turn on a light • Supply a positive or negative signal • Input: • Read a digital bit • Detect High or Low voltage • Receive a positive or negative signal
- 12. Analog I/O • Output: • Supply a variable voltage source (0-5V) • Control the speed of a motor/brightness of light • 256 different states • Input: • Read an analog signal • Differentiate between different voltage levels • 1024 different levels
- 13. USB USB-Serial ATmega328P Microprocessor 7-12V Voltage Regulator (5V Logic) Analog Input Digital I/O Analog Output (~PWM)
- 14. • The Arduino IDE • Bare Minimum Program • Input / Output • Finding Resources Online Writing Software
- 15. The Arduino IDE • Download: https://www.arduino.cc/en/software The Text Editor Output Console Serial Monitor Compile/Upload/New/Open/Save
- 16. Fix your settings • Make sure to select the correct Board and Port from the Tools menu
- 17. Bare Minimum • void setup() • void loop()
- 18. Blink • pinMode(pin, bool mode) • digitalWrite(pin, bool state) • delay(int milliseconds)
- 20. Potentiometer • analogRead(AnalogPin) • analogWrite(Pin, int level)
- 21. Communication • Serial • begin(int baudrate) • print/println(String text) • write(byte data) • int available() • char read()
- 23. • Online Sources • Reading Pinouts • Reading Datasheets • Libraries Finding Resources
- 24. Online Sources • Arduino IDE → File → Examples • For all built-in libraries • Every downloaded library adds examples • arduino.cc → Documentation • Tutorials (w/ schematics and sample code) • Reference (Language and built-in library documentation) • Adafruit • Modules/Sensors/Boards • Libraries for EVERYTHING (most 3rd party modules/sensors are remakes) • Tutorials (w/ wiring instructions, schematics and sample code) • StackOverflow • Google
- 25. Connecting Communicating Devices “Pinout of ARDUINO Board and ATMega328PU” by pighixxx is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
- 26. Connecting Communicating Devices GPS Modules communicate with UART A microSD card reader that communicates with SPI A 10-DOF Sensor from Adafruit that uses I2C
- 27. Arduino IDE Library Manager
- 28. Using Libraries
- 29. The PING exercise • Use the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor to dim an LED depending on its distance from a wall. Print the distance in the Serial Monitor. • Applying HIGH signal to “Trig” for 10μs produces an ultrasonic pulse • Then, “Echo” is turned HIGH for the same duration it took the pulse to travel back and forth • Help: • Sound travels in a speed of 0.0343cm/μs • pulseIn(pin, HIGH/LOW) blocks until pin turns HIGH/LOW, waits until it switches to the other state, returns the microseconds it stayed HIGH/LOW • delayMicroseconds(int micros) is used for precision delay • ECHO needs to be normalized to LOW for 2μs before PINGing
- 30. The Servo Exercise • Use a potentiometer to control the rotation of a Servo motor • Help: • Connect the potentiometer like we did on the Analog example • A Servo motor uses 3 wires, 2 for power and a signal • Use the Servo library, find examples inside the IDE and documentation on arduino.cc (It is a native library)
- 31. One step further • Connecting to the Internet (IoT) • WiFi library -> TCP and UDP protocols • Acting as a webserver / Online communication • Connecting to Bluetooth • ArduinoBLE library • Advanced Lighting • WS2812B LEDs • NeoPixel library / FastLED library • Programming different processors • ATtiny84/ATtiny85 • ESP8266/ESP32 • Interacting with other languages (Python/Processing)
Editor's Notes
- #19: Blink an LED with 1s delay https://www.tinkercad.com/things/2vCd9HYoelK
- #20: Turn on an LED. When button pressed, turn off for 2s. Strobe LED while button pressed. When button pressed, strobe for 2s. https://www.tinkercad.com/things/2vCd9HYoelK
- #21: Control a motors speed using a potentiometer.
- #22: Get the distance from an object using a PING sensor and Serial communication. Control an LED from your computer.