Introduction to Html5, css, Javascript and Jquery

HTML5,CSS,Javascript &
Jquery
Valuebound

Introduction:
HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language.
It describes the structure of the web page.
They are represented by tags.
Browsers do not use HTML tags, but use them to render the content of the page.
HTML tags are not case sensitive: <p> means the same as <p>.
HTML5 is the fifth and current version of the HTML standard.
It was published in October 2014 by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to improve the language
with support for the latest multimedia, while keeping it both easily readable by humans and
consistently
understood by computers and devices such as web browsers, parsers, etc.

Some of the commonly used HTML5 Tags:
● <article> - Defines an article in a document.
● <aside> - Defines content aside from the page content.
● <details> - Defines additional details that the user can view or hide.
● <dialog> - Defines a dialog box or window.
● <figcaption> - Defines a caption for a <figure> element.
● <figure> - Defines self-contained content.
● <footer> - Defines a footer for a document or section.
● <header> - Defines a header for a document or section.
● <main> - Defines the main content of a document.

Cascading Style Sheets
(CSS):
CSS is a language that describes the style of an
HTML document.
CSS describes how HTML elements should be
displayed.
WHY CSS ?
HTML was NEVER intended to contain tags for
formatting a web page!
HTML was created to describe the content of a web
page, like:
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
When tags like <font>, and color attributes were
added to the HTML 3.2 specification, it started a
nightmare for web developers. Development of large
websites, where fonts and color information were
added to every single page, became a long and
expensive process.
To solve this problem, the World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C) created CSS.
CSS removed the style formatting from the
HTML page!
CSS gives you the opportunity to create sites that
look very different from page to page, without a lot
of extensive coding.
For example, many sites now do slight color
variations on the different sections of the site. Using
#page IDs, you can change the CSS for each section
and use the same HTML structure for each section.
The only thing that changes is the content and the
CSS.

CSS Tags
General Syntax:
The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.
The declaration block contains one or more declarations separated by
semicolons.
Each declaration includes a CSS property name and a value, separated by a
colon.
A CSS declaration always ends with a semicolon, and declaration blocks are

CSS Selectors
CSS selectors are used to "find" (or select) HTML elements based on their element name, id, class, attribute,
and more.
The element selector selects elements based on the element name.
Whole elements of a particular tag can be selected simply by using their tag name.
For example: To select whole of the content of a paragraph <p>,
We simply write the CSS as:
This results in the paragraph to be center
aligned and
the fonts are in red color through out the page.
p {
Text-alignment:
center;
Color: red;
}

The id Selector
The id selector uses the id attribute of an HTML element to select a specific element.
The id of an element should be unique within a page, so the id selector is used to select one unique element!
To select an element with a specific id, write a hash (#) character, followed by the id of the element.
The style rule below will be applied to the HTML element with id="para1":
Note: An id name cannot start with a number!
CSS:
#para1{
text-align:
center;
color: blue;
font-size: 25px;
}
HTML:
…..
….
<body>
<p id=”para1”> Hello ! Good
Morning </p>
<p> Nice to Meet you </p>
….
….
OUTPUT:
Hello ! Good Morning
Nice to Meet you

The class Selector
The class selector selects elements with a specific class attribute.
To select elements with a specific class, write a period (.) character, followed by the name of the class.
In the example below, all HTML elements with class="center" will be green and center-aligned:
CSS:
.center{
text-align:
center;
color: green;
}
HTML:
…..
….
<body>
<h1 class=”center”>
WELCOME </h1>
<p class=”center”> Nice to
Meet you </p>
..
OUTPUT:
WELCOME
Nice to Meet you

You can also specify that only specific HTML elements should be affected by a class.
In the example below, only <p> elements with class="center" will be center-aligned:
* CSS can also be GROUP - SELECTED
CSS:
p.center{
text-align:
center;
color: green;
}
HTML:
…..
….
<body>
<h1> WELCOME </h1>
<p class=”center”> Nice to
Meet you </p>
..
...
OUTPUT:
WELCOME
Nice to Meet you
CSS:
h1, h2, p {
text-align: center;
color: red;
}

Some of the Pseudo-Elements in CSS are listed
below:
1. :: before Example:
CSS:
p::before{
content: “Read this - “
}
HTML:
….
…
<body>
<h1> HEADING </h1>
<p> ValueBound </p>
<p> HSR Layout </p>
…
….
</body>
….
The ::before selector inserts
something before the content
of each selected element(s).
Use the content property to
specify the content to insert.
OUTPUT:
HEADING
Read this - ValueBound
Read this - HSR Layout
CSS Pseudo-Elements : A CSS pseudo-element is used to style specified parts of an element. Like to style the
first letter, or line, of an element or insert content before, or after, the content of an element.
Some of the commonly used Pseudo-Elements are listed below:

2. ::after
Example: CSS:
p::after{
content: “- Remember
this“
}
HTML:
….
…
<body>
<h1> HEADING </h1>
<p> ValueBound </p>
<p> HSR Layout </p>
…
….
</body>
….
The ::after selector inserts something after the
content of each selected element(s).
Use the content property to specify the content to
insert.
OUTPUT:
HEADING
ValueBound - Remember this
HSR Layout - Remember this

Some of the Pseudo-Classes in CSS are listed
below:
CSS Pseudo-Class : A CSS Pseudo-class is used to define a special state of an element. Like to Style an
element when a user mouses over it or to Style visited and unvisited links differently or to Style an element when it gets focus.
Some of the commonly used Pseudo-Classes are listed below:
Example:
Anchor Pseudo-classes
Links can be displayed in different
ways.
This includes Pseudo-Class tags
like:
● Hover
● Active
● Visited
CSS:
a:visited {
color: green;
}
a:hover {
color: hotpink;
}
a:active {
color: blue;
}

CSS - The :first-child Pseudo-
class
Match the first <p> element :
Match the first <i> element in all <p> elements:
CSS:
p :first-child {
colo
r: blue;
}
HTML:
…
<body>
<p>This is some
text.</p>
<p>This is some
text.</p>
…
</body>
OUTPUT:
This is some
text.
This is some
text.
CSS:
p i : first-child {
colo
r: blue;
}
HTML:
<body>
<p>My fav color is
<i>blue</i></p>
<p>The color of the box is
<i>blue</i></p>
</body>
OUTPUT:
My fav color is blue.
The color of the box is blue
The :first-child pseudo-class matches a specified element that is the first child of another
element.

CSS - The :last-child Pseudo-
class
Example:
The :last-child selector matches every element that is the last child of its parent.
CSS:
p :last-child {
color: red;
}
HTML:
…
<body>
<p>This is text1</p>
…
</body>
OUTPUT:
This is text1
This is text2
This is text3

CSS - The :nth-child Pseudo-
class
Example:
The :nth-child(n) selector matches every element that is the nth child, regardless of type, of its parent.
n can be a number, a keyword (such as odd or even), or a formula.
CSS:
p:nth-child(2) {
color:
red;
}
HTML:
<body>
<p>The first paragraph.</p>
<p>The second
paragraph.</p>
<p>The third
paragraph.</p>
<p>The fourth
paragraph.</p>
</body>
OUTPUT:
The first paragraph.
The second
paragraph.
The third paragraph.
The fourth paragraph.

Javascript and JQuery
What is jQuery?
JQuery is a lightweight, "write less, do
more", JavaScript library.
The purpose of JQuery is to make it
much easier to use JavaScript on your
website.
JQuery takes a lot of common tasks
that require many lines of JavaScript
code to accomplish, and wraps them
into methods that you can call with a
single line of code.
The jQuery library contains the
following features:
HTML/DOM manipulation
CSS manipulation
HTML event methods
Effects and animations
AJAX
Why jQuery?
There are lots of other
JavaScript frameworks
out there, but jQuery
seems to be the most
popular, and also the
most extendable.
Many of the biggest
companies on the Web
use jQuery, such as:
Google
Microsoft
IBM
Netflix
General Syntax Of Jquery:
$(Selector).action();
Where;
$ = defines /access Query
(selector) = query or find HTML
elements.
action() = actions or events to be
performed

The Document.Ready Event
You might have noticed that all jQuery methods in our examples, are inside a document
ready event:
$(document).ready(function){
// jquery methods go here…
});
This is to prevent any jQuery code from running before the
document is finished loading (is ready).
It is good practice to wait for the document to be fully
loaded and ready before working with it. This also allows
you to have your JavaScript code before the body of your
document, in the head section.
Here are some examples of actions that can fail if
methods are run before the document is fully loaded:
Trying to hide an element that is not created yet
Trying to get the size of an image that is not loaded yet

JQuery Event Methods
What are Events?
All the different visitor's
actions that a web page
can respond to are called
events.
An event represents the
precise moment when
something happens.
Examples:
moving a mouse
over an element
selecting a radio
button
clicking on an
element
jQuery is tailor-
made to respond to
events in an HTML
page.
jQuery Syntax For Event Methods:
To assign a click event to all paragraphs
on a page, you can do this:
$(“p”).click(function(){
//action goes here;
});

jQuery Effects - Animation
The jQuery animate() method is used to create custom animations.
SYNTAX:
$(selector).animate({
params},speed,callback);
The required params parameter defines
the CSS properties to be animated.
The optional speed parameter specifies
the duration of the effect. It can take the
following values: "slow", "fast", or
milliseconds.
The optional callback parameter is a
function to be executed after the
animation completes.

Introduction to Html5, css, Javascript and Jquery

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