Introduction to php and POSTGRESQL. ....

Introduction to PHP and
PostgreSQL
CSC 436 – Fall 2008
Slides based on PHP manual “Getting Started” from
http://www.php.net/tut.php

PHP - Overview
Introduction
Tutorial
Installation
PostgreSQL with PHP
Extended example

Introduction
PHP (recursive acronym for "PHP:
Hypertext Preprocessor")
 widely-used Open Source general-purpose
scripting language
 especially suited for Web development
 can be embedded into HTML.
<html>
<head>
<title>Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php echo "Hi, I'm a PHP script!"; ?>
</body>
</html>
See this example here:

What can PHP do?
Server-side scripting
 most traditional and main target field
 need three things to make this work
 PHP parser (CGI or server module)
 webserver – with connected PHP installation
 web browser
Command line scripting
 PHP script to run it without any server or browser
 need the PHP parser to use it this way
Writing client-side GUI applications
 not the best language to write windowing
applications
 use PHP-GTK to write such programs

Tutorial
What do I need?
Your first PHP-enabled page
Something Useful
Dealing with Forms
What's next?

What do I need?
Assume that your server has support
for PHP activated and that all files
ending in .php are handled by PHP
Create your .php files and put them in
your web directory and the server will
magically parse them for you
No need to compile anything
Develop locally
 install a web server, such as Apache
 install PHP
 install a database as well, such as
PostgreSQL.

First PHP-enabled page
Create a file named hello.php
Put it in your web servers directory
<html>
<head>
<title>PHP Test</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php echo "<p>Hello World</p>"; ?>
</body>
</html>
Use your browser to access the file

Something useful
check what sort of browser the person viewing
the page is using
 check the user agent string that the browser sends
as part of its HTTP request
 stored in a variable
 always start with a dollar-sign in PHP
 $_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"].
 $_SERVER is a special reserved PHP variable that
contains all web server information
<html>
<head>
<title>PHP Test</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php echo $_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"]; ?>
</body>
</html> (see this file)

Variables
Variables represented by a dollar sign
followed by the name of the variable
 name is case-sensitive.
 name starts with a letter or underscore,
followed by any number of letters, numbers, or
underscores
 type is assigned by value
<?php
$var = "Bob";
$Var = "Joe";
echo "$var, $Var"; // outputs "Bob, Joe"
$x = 1;
$x = ‘abc’; // type can change if value changes
$4site = 'not yet'; // invalid; starts with a number
$_4site = 'not yet'; // valid; starts with an underscore
?>

Arrays
created by the array() language-
construct
takes a certain number of comma-
separated key => value pairs
<?php
$arr = array("foo" => "bar", 12 => true);
echo $arr["foo"]; // bar
echo $arr[12]; // 1
?> (see it here)

Arrays (cont.)
<?php // Create a simple array.
$array = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
print_r($array);
// Now delete every item, but leave the array
// itself intact:
foreach ($array as $i => $value) {
unset($array[$i]);
}
print_r($array);
// Append an item (note that the new key is 5,
// instead of 0 as you might expect).
$array[] = 6;
print_r($array);
// Re-index:
$array = array_values($array);
$array[] = 7;
print_r($array);
?> (see result here)

Dealing with forms
HTML Forms (GET and POST)
 form is submitted to a PHP script
 information from that form is
automatically made available to the
script
 forms.php
<form action="foo.php" method="POST">
Name: <input type="text" name="username"><br>
Email: <input type="text" name="email"><br>
<input type="submit" name="submit"
value="Submit me!">
</form>

Forms – foo.php
<?php // Available since PHP 4.1.0
print $_POST['username'];
print $_REQUEST['username'];
import_request_variables('p', 'p_');
print $p_username;
// Available since PHP 3. As of PHP 5.0.0, these long
// predefined variables can be disabled with the
// register_long_arrays directive.
print $HTTP_POST_VARS['username'];
// Available if the PHP directive register_globals = on.
// As of PHP 4.2.0 the default value of
// register_globals = off.
// Using/relying on this method is not preferred.
print $username; ?> (see result here)

Another forms example
info_form.php
<form action=“show_answers.php” method="POST">
Your name: <input type="text" name="name" />
Your age: <input type="text" name="age" />
<input type="submit">
</form>
show_answers.php
Hi
<?php echo $_POST["name"]; ?>.
You are <?php echo $_POST["age"]; ?> years old.
(see results here)

Installation
PHP is installed on the Linux servers in
the CSC department
You can install it on your own machine
if you want
Refer to the PHP manual for instructions
on installation
http://www.php.net/manual/en/install.php

PosgreSQL with PHP
Assume the following database table and
data:
CREATE TABLE employees
( id tinyint(4) DEFAULT '0' NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
first varchar(20),
last varchar(20),
address varchar(255),
position varchar(50),
PRIMARY KEY (id),
UNIQUE id (id));
INSERT INTO employees VALUES
(1,'Bob','Smith','128 Here St, Cityname',
'Marketing Manager');
(2,'John','Roberts','45 There St ,Townville',
'Telephonist');
(3,'Brad','Johnson','1/34 Nowhere Blvd, Snowston',
'Doorman');

PostgreSQL Example (cont)
<html>
<body>
<?php
$db = pg_connect(“dbname=sam user=sam password=iam")
or die(“Couldn’t Connect: “.pg_last_error($db));
$query=“SELECT * FROM employees”;
$result = pg_query($db,$query)
or
die(“Error in query: $query.”.pg_last_error($db));
$rows = pg_num_rows($result);
if ($rows > 0) {
for ($i=0; $i<$rows; $i++){
$my_row = pg_fetch_array($result, $i, PGSQL_ASSOC);
printf("First Name: %s",$my_row[“first”]);
printf("Last Name: %s", $my_row[“last“]);
printf("Address: %s", $my_row[“address“]);
printf("Position: %s",$my_row["position“]);
printf(“n”);
}
}
pg_close($db);
?>
</body>
</html>

Extended Example – Toy Catalog
Toy Catalog – as described in class
Assume database tables created
Assume data inserted into data
Start with html form page

Introduction to php and POSTGRESQL. ....

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