Introduction to Selenium and Test Automation
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This document is a comprehensive guide on automating web tests using Selenium, detailing its components, commands, and the objectives of such automation. It emphasizes that while automation can enhance testing processes, it is important for it to complement manual testing rather than replace it. Key points include Selenium's capabilities, its limitations, and a structured approach to implementing automation within software testing frameworks.
![Driver(s)
Grid:
java -jar selenium-server-standalone-*.jar -role hub
java -jar selenium-server-standalone-*.jar -port 5456 -role
node -hub http://192.168.0.92:4444/grid/register -browser
browserName=firefox,maxInstances=3 -hubHost
"192.168.0.92" -host "192.168.0.92"
gem install selenium-webdriver
[1] pry(main)> require 'selenium-webdriver'
[2] pry(main)> driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox
driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for(:remote,:url => "http://192.
168.0.94:4444/wd/hub/",:desired_capabilities => caps)
Installation](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/seintro-150930124832-lva1-app6892/85/Introduction-to-Selenium-and-Test-Automation-15-320.jpg)
![Actions/Commands (http://release.seleniumhq.org/selenium-core/1.0.1/reference.
html#actions)
Element Locators
● identifier=id: Select the element with the specified @id attribute. If no match is found, select the
first element whose @name attribute is id. (This is normally the default; see below.)
● id=id: Select the element with the specified @id attribute.
● name=name: Select the first element with the specified @name attribute.
○ username
○ name=username
● The name may optionally be followed by one or more element-filters, separated from the name
by whitespace. If the filterType is not specified, value is assumed.
○ name=flavour value=chocolate
● dom=javascriptExpression: Find an element by evaluating the specified string. This allows you
to traverse the HTML Document Object Model using JavaScript. Note that you must not return a
value in this string; simply make it the last expression in the block.
○ dom=document.forms['myForm'].myDropdown
○ dom=document.images[56]
○ dom=function foo() { return document.links[1]; }; foo();
IDE- Command Reference-Locators](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/seintro-150930124832-lva1-app6892/85/Introduction-to-Selenium-and-Test-Automation-20-320.jpg)
![Actions/Commands (http://release.seleniumhq.org/selenium-core/1.0.1/reference.
html#actions)
Element Locators
● xpath=xpathExpression: Locate an element using an XPath expression.
○ xpath=//img[@alt='The image alt text']
○ xpath=//table[@id='table1']//tr[4]/td[2]
○ xpath=//a[contains(@href,'#id1')]/@class
○ xpath=(//table[@class='stylee'])//th[text()='theHeaderText']/../td
○ xpath=//input[@name='name2' and @value='yes']
○ xpath=//*[text()="right"]
● link=textPattern: Select the link (anchor) element which contains text matching the specified
pattern.
○ link=The link text
● css=cssSelectorSyntax: Select the element using css selectors. Please refer to CSS2 selectors,
CSS3 selectors for more information..
○ css=a[href="#id3"]
○ css=span#firstChild + span
IDE- Command Reference-Locators](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/seintro-150930124832-lva1-app6892/85/Introduction-to-Selenium-and-Test-Automation-21-320.jpg)
Introduction to Selenium and Test Automation
- 1. Lets Automate! Lets Automate your web tests using Selenium A guide to automation using selenium Ahmed Mubbashir Khan, http://about.me/mubbashir @mubbashir
- 2. Agenda Demo of sikuli-on-selenium Automation Automation objective What is selenium -Components of selenium -Walkthrough - S-IDE - Driver/RC -Grid -Walking through the code of the demo(Maven, Java, TestNG) Command Reference - Locators Reference
- 3. Test automation is any use of tools to aid testing- James Bach (http://www.satisfice.com/blog/archives/118) OK- But its a very broad term, what are we going to automate? Answer: Regression Tests (Checks to be precise) http://www.developsense.com/blog/2009/08/testing-vs-checking/ What is Test/Check Automation?
- 4. Expecting automation to find lots of bugs when you are automating regression testing is the wrong objective - Dorothy Graham (STAReast 19 April, 2012) Automation is not a magic tool. It will not find bugs - good tests finds the bugs - Dorothy Graham (STAReast 19 April, 2012) What is the objective of (Regression) Automation?
- 5. Think of your automation as a baseline test suite to be used in conjunction with manual testing, rather than as a replacement for it- James Bach (http://www.satisfice.com/articles/test_automation_snake_oil.pdf (1999)) Just as there can be quality software, there can be quality test automation- James Bach (http://www.satisfice.com/articles/test_automation_snake_oil.pdf (1999)) What is the objective of (Regression) Automation??
- 6. Test Automation is a software Project, Treat it as a software project. Test Automation is coding, why would you ask it to be done by someone who can't code- Adam Goucher Automation is Software.
- 7. • Rapid feedback to developers • Virtually unlimited iterations of test case execution • Support for Agile and extreme development methodologies • Disciplined documentation of test cases • Customized defect reporting • Finding defects missed by manual testing Why Not Automate? Which are Myths? and what about ROI? To Automate or Not to Automate?
- 8. Hmm.. Always Remember: Agile test quadrant
- 9. Selenium (set of libraries) automates browsers. That's it. What you do with that power is entirely up to you. (http://seleniumhq.org/) Selenium's History... What is selenium?
- 10. Its Opensource (code.google.com/p/selenium/) It runs in many browsers and operating systems Can be controlled by many programming languages and testing frameworks. Companies using selenium includes Google, BBC, Ubuntu, Pivotal Labs, Mozlilla and Yelp among many others. And "Die QTP Die" http://paulhammant. Why selenium?
- 11. QTP vs Selenium- Job Market Why selenium??
- 12. Selenium does not own the browser, OS does. Selenium can interact with the rendered HTML content of a given web page, but it cannot interact with native browser operations ● Anything which is outside web app (e.g. upload/download dialog box) ● Anything which runs in a different runtime (e.g flash, java applets) ● Some HTML5 features (e.g. video, audio, canvas, webGL) What selenium can't do?
- 13. Selenium is not a testing framework. Selenium allows you to interact with web pages but creating tests on top of it is the reponsibility of Test Framework (xUnit) (https://twitter.com/#! /AutomatedTester/status/176830982316494849) What selenium can't do?
- 14. Download: http://code.google. com/p/selenium/downloads/list IDE, IDE Walkthrough Lets do it What else? Driver(s) Grid Installation
- 15. Driver(s) Grid: java -jar selenium-server-standalone-*.jar -role hub java -jar selenium-server-standalone-*.jar -port 5456 -role node -hub http://192.168.0.92:4444/grid/register -browser browserName=firefox,maxInstances=3 -hubHost "192.168.0.92" -host "192.168.0.92" gem install selenium-webdriver [1] pry(main)> require 'selenium-webdriver' [2] pry(main)> driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for(:remote,:url => "http://192. 168.0.94:4444/wd/hub/",:desired_capabilities => caps) Installation
- 16. Driver(s) from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome ('/Users/mubbashir/Documents/Frameworks/selenium/chor me_driver/chromedriver') driver.get("http://google.com") driver.quit() Installation
- 17. Recording Adding waits and assertions Replay and Verify Don't record and save instead record and export Page Objetcs IDE- Writing Test Case
- 18. Actions/Commands (http://release.seleniumhq.org/selenium-core/1.0.1/reference. html#actions) Commonly used commands: open click/clickAndWait verifyTitle/assertTitle verifyTextPresent verifyElementPresent verifyText verifyTable xxAndWait waitForXX IDE- Command Reference
- 19. Actions/Commands (http://release.seleniumhq.org/selenium-core/1.0.1/reference. html#actions) To Execute these commands you need to know: Element Locators Element Filters String-match Patterns IDE- Command Reference
- 20. Actions/Commands (http://release.seleniumhq.org/selenium-core/1.0.1/reference. html#actions) Element Locators ● identifier=id: Select the element with the specified @id attribute. If no match is found, select the first element whose @name attribute is id. (This is normally the default; see below.) ● id=id: Select the element with the specified @id attribute. ● name=name: Select the first element with the specified @name attribute. ○ username ○ name=username ● The name may optionally be followed by one or more element-filters, separated from the name by whitespace. If the filterType is not specified, value is assumed. ○ name=flavour value=chocolate ● dom=javascriptExpression: Find an element by evaluating the specified string. This allows you to traverse the HTML Document Object Model using JavaScript. Note that you must not return a value in this string; simply make it the last expression in the block. ○ dom=document.forms['myForm'].myDropdown ○ dom=document.images[56] ○ dom=function foo() { return document.links[1]; }; foo(); IDE- Command Reference-Locators
- 21. Actions/Commands (http://release.seleniumhq.org/selenium-core/1.0.1/reference. html#actions) Element Locators ● xpath=xpathExpression: Locate an element using an XPath expression. ○ xpath=//img[@alt='The image alt text'] ○ xpath=//table[@id='table1']//tr[4]/td[2] ○ xpath=//a[contains(@href,'#id1')]/@class ○ xpath=(//table[@class='stylee'])//th[text()='theHeaderText']/../td ○ xpath=//input[@name='name2' and @value='yes'] ○ xpath=//*[text()="right"] ● link=textPattern: Select the link (anchor) element which contains text matching the specified pattern. ○ link=The link text ● css=cssSelectorSyntax: Select the element using css selectors. Please refer to CSS2 selectors, CSS3 selectors for more information.. ○ css=a[href="#id3"] ○ css=span#firstChild + span IDE- Command Reference-Locators
- 22. Actions/Commands (http://release.seleniumhq.org/selenium-core/1.0.1/reference. html#actions) String-match Patterns ● glob:pattern: Match a string against a "glob" (aka "wildmat") pattern. "Glob" is a kind of limited regular-expression syntax typically used in command-line shells. In a glob pattern, "*" represents any sequence of characters, and "?" represents any single character. Glob patterns match against the entire string. ● regexp:regexp: Match a string using a regular-expression. The full power of JavaScript regular- expressions is available. ● regexpi:regexpi: Match a string using a case-insensitive regular-expression. ● exact:string: Match a string exactly, verbatim, without any of that fancy wildcard stuff. If no pattern prefix is specified, Selenium assumes that it's a "glob" pattern IDE- Command Reference- String match patterns
- 23. Actions/Commands (http://release.seleniumhq.org/selenium-core/1.0.1/reference. html#actions) Commonly used commands: assertFoo(pattern) assertFooPresent assertFooNotPresent Alerts, Popups, and Multiple Windows