IRJET- MVC Framework: A Modern Web Application Development Approach and Working

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 01 | Jan 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 51
MVC Framework: A Modern Web Application Development
Approach and Working
Mr. Siddharth Singh
Student, Semester-I, MSC(I.T.)
Keraleeya Samajam’s Model College, Thakurli East, Thane, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract - Model, view and controller (MVC) is a well-
known three layer development architecture used for web-
based applications developments. This paper gives the some
details related to the MVC layers, its uses, advantages,
disadvantages. We have stated the three layers of MVC in
detail and their functionalities. The main objective of the
study is to give overview on all the layer of the MVC and
main functionalities.
Key Words: MVC Architecture; Advantages and
disadvantages; features; IDE and Languages; Example
based on ASP.NET;
1. INTRODUCTION
Model view controller (MVC) is an architectural pattern
usually used in web-based applications. It provides 3 main
layers; model, view, and controller. Most of the developers
use MVC as a standard web-design pattern. It is a complete
framework. Most of the languages like Java, PHP, Python,
C#, etc. use this pattern to develop the applications. In
Java, it is known as Spring-MVC framework, in PHP it is
known as cake PHP, Microsoft introduced a framework
called ASP.Net MVC and so on. MVC provide three types of
classes:
1.1 Model- Model is an important layer of MVC application.
It manages the information in the form of data which is
used to represent the output with the help of views. It
depicts the database records. It manages the application
data. It basically contains the application data, logic
definition, function specification, business rule
involvement. A model possibly is a single object or it is
some composition of objects. This layer can manage the
data and also allow the database communication i.e. insert,
retrieve and update data in the database.
The domain model in application should follow certain
rules:
 Contain the domain data.
 Contain the logic for creating, modifying the domain
data.
 Provides a proper API that exposes the model data and
operations on it.
Following rules should not be followed by domain data:
 Expose details of how model data is obtained and
managed.
 Contain logic that controls the request to call a model
based on user interaction.
 Contain logic for displaying data to the user.
1.2 View- Views are used to create the user-interface of
our application. While using the user interface, users
interact with our web pages. View shows the results of the
data that is contained in model. A view has the
responsibility to display all data of the model. It only shows
the required attributes and hides the unnecessary
attributes. It thus provides us the advantage of
presentation encapsulation. It is script-based tags like JSP,
ASP and PHP and very easily integrated with AJAX
technology.
The following rules should be followed by a view:
 Contain logic and markup required to present data to
the user.
The following rules should not be used by a view:
 Contain complex logic.
 Contain logic that creates, stores, or manipulates the
model.
1.3 Controller- Controller layer are used to respond to
the user’s requests. Controller perform the users
requested actions. A controller is the connection between
the user and the system. Controller handles both Model
and View. It controls how the data flow in model and
updates the view as soon as the data get altered. It is the
separation between the Model and the View. The
controller receives the data; it works on the data and then
carries out the execution which alters the state of the data
model. These component works with model layer and
select the proper view that is to be displayed to the user
according to user requests.
Rules followed by controller are:
 Contain the logic required to initialize model data.

 Contain the logic required by the view to present data
from the model.
 Contain the logic required to update the model based
on user interactions.
Following rules should not be used controller:
 Manipulate data outside the scope.
 Contain logic that manages persistence of data.
 Contain logic that displays data to the user.
MVC pattern architecture is basically a three-layered
architecture. It separates the characteristics of application.
Its 1st layer is related to the user input logic, 2nd layer is
related to the business logic and 3rd layer is used to
implement user interface logic. MVC offers extremely loose
coupling among these three layers. MVC pattern are used
to define the location of all logic in application. MVC
patterns provide the facility of parallel development. It
means that every layer of the application are not
dependent on each other i.e. three developer will work on
the one layer of application. One developer will be working
on user input logic (controller logic), other developer will
be working on the user interface logic (view) and third
developer will be working on the business logic (model) at
the same time.
2. TIME TO USE MVC PATTERN
MVC pattern architecture help us to follow the concept of
separation of concern, it helps to implement the codes
individually in the model, views and controller layer in the
applications.
MVC makes it simple to test our application as relation
among different parts of application is clearer and
coherent.
MVC benefits us to implement a test-driven development
approach, in which we implement automated test cases
before we write the code. These unit test cases help us
predefine and verify requirements of new code before
writing it.
If we are developing an web project with enough serious
stimulating on the user side to refuse to go along with
JavaScript alone. The some of the characteristics that will
guide us whether to use MVC architecture in our
application or not:
 An asynchronous communication is needed.
 The functionality of our web-application is not to
reload a full page just like AJAX for example viewing
products in an online ecommerce platform.
 Manipulation of data is mostly on the client side
(browser) rather than server side.
 Same type of data is being delivered in different ways
on a single page (navigation).
 When our application has many insignificant
connections that are used to modify data(button,
switches).
3. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MVC
ARCHITECTURE
3.1 Advantages:
 MVC architecture helps us to regulate the
complexness of application by dividing it into 3 parts
i.e. model, view and controller.
 MVC does not use server-based forms, that’s why it is
ideal for those developers who want full control over
their application behavior.
 MVC use front controller pattern. Front controller
pattern handles the multiple incoming requests using
controller. Front controller provides centralized
control. We need to configure only one controller in
web server instead of many.
 Front controller provides support in routing
communications to create our web-based application.
3.2 Disadvantages:
 Understanding flow of application is very hard one.
 It is little bit complicated to implement and
unsuitable for small level applications.
 It is hard to understand the MVC architecture.
 It’s deployment is little bit hard one.
 Must have strict rules on methods.
 There is so much use of jQuery, AJAX, javascript
which makes the program complicated.
 MVC is difficult to learn, as programmer should have
a deep knowledge of pattern.
 There is no built-in user control for web pages in
MVC.
4. MVC FEATURES
As we divide the logic of our application into three tasks
(input logic, business logic, interface logic), testing of these
components would become very easy. Testability is very
fast and flexible, as we can use any unit testing framework

compatible with MVC framework. It is an extensible and
pluggable framework. We can design the components of
our application in such a way that these are easily
replaceable or can be modified easily. We can plug our
own view engine, URL routing strategy, action method
constraint serialization. Instead of depending on class to
create objects we use a technique dependency injection
(DI) which enable us to inject object into classes. MVC
provide URL mapping component that helps us to build
using understandable and searchable URLs. Instead of
using file name extensions MVC support URL naming
patterns that are very useful for search engine
optimization (SEO) and representational state transfer
(REST) addressing. Some frameworks of MVC such as
ASP.NET MVC framework provide us some built in
features such as form authentication, session
management, transactional business logic, web application
security, object relational mapping, etc.
5. IDE’S AND PROGRAMMIMG LANGUAGE USED
WITH MVC
There are various IDE’s and programming languages
which can be used to developed web-based application
with the help of MVC architecture. Depending upon the
interest of developers, they can use any of the IDE’s and
programming languages to develop web-based
application. Below is the list of IDE’s and programming
languages which can be used to develop web-based
application using MVC architecture:
5.1 Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
 Visual Studio: Visual studio is a complete
development environment which provide us facility
to create different kinds of application. When we
want to develop application using ASP.NET MVC
framework then visual studio is very helpful for us.
 MYSQL Server- relational database management
server to maintain the database.
 SQL Server- a database engine to create and maintain
database.
 MYSQL Workbench- a database design tool.
 Net Beans- IDE provide complete environment to
develop java applications or different applications.
 Glassfish Server: Java EE application server.
5.2 Programming or Web Languages
 HTML, CSS, JQUERY, AJAX for designing.
 Servlet and Java server pages (JSP) used with Net
beans.
 EJB (Enterprise Java beans) technologies.
 JSTL (Java server pages standard tag libraries).
 JPA (Java persistence API).
 JDBC (Java database connectivity).
 ASP.NET MVC used with Visual studio.
There are also some other IDE’s and languages which can
be used with MVC architecture.
6. TRADITIONAL WEB APPROACH
In traditional web page approaches, all the codes are
written in single file i.e, either in JSP and Servlet, ASP, PHP.
Most of this languages have their inbuilt tags which are
used to process the request and fetch data according to
request. Since this inbuilt tags are heavyweight, the
processing time taken by this approach is some how
longer compared to MVC approach for heavy traffic
webpages. For example ASP.NET web form works on
event driven approach and also has the concept of
viewstate and postback. As both viewstate and postback
has certain limitations which ampacts the web application
performance (In ASP.NET web form, viewstate stores
100KB of data which impacts web-page performance).
7. DESCRIBING THE ARCHITECTURE
We should verify the functional elements of our
application and determine the manner through which they
they’re going to communicate with one other. There are
many design patterns are available which can be used to
develop an application. Here we aim to use MVC design
pattern.
Figure 1: Functionality of each layer in MVC architecture.

8. DISCUSSIONS
MVC design pattern has massive influence in the world of
web-based application. It is very helpful for the
developers. Developers can easily make their web-based
applications using MVC architecture. It reduces the
complexity of the application and divides the application
into three major components i.e. model, view and
controller. It provides full control over the web application
to the developers. Using MVC design pattern testing of
various elements of application becomes very much
simple. MVC architecture provides higher level of
abstraction to their web applications.
9. STEPS TO CREATE A BASIC WEB APPLICATION
IN ASP.NET MVC
9.1 Creating a model class name Student
namespace MVC_BasicTutorials.Models
{
public class Student
{
public int StudentID{ get; set; }
public string StudentName{ get; set; }
public int Age{ get; set; }
}
}
9.2 Creating a controller name StudentController using
System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.MVC;
using MVC_BasicTutorials.Models;
namespace MVC_BasicTutorials.Controllers
{
Public class StudentController : Controller
{
Public ActionResult Index()
{
Return View();
}
}
}
9.3 Creating a view name Index.cshtml
@model
IEnumerable<MVC_BasicTutorials.Models.Student>
@{
ViewBag.Title = "Index";
Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
<h2>Index</h2>
<p>
@Html.ActionLink("Create New", "Create")</p><table
class="table">
<tr>
<th>
@Html.DisplayNameFor(model =>
model.StudentName)
</th>
<th>
@Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Age)
</th>
<th></th>
</tr>
@foreach (var item in Model) {
<tr>
<td>
@Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.StudentName)
</td>
<td>
@Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Age)
</td>

<td>
@Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", new
{ id=item.StudentId }) |
@Html.ActionLink("Details", "Details", new
{ id=item.StudentId }) |
@Html.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id =
item.StudentId })
</td>
</tr>
}
</table>
10. LIMITATION OF OUR STUDY
In our research paper we have discussed about MVC
components and talked about its three major elements
model, view and controller and explained about
communication of these components with each other. We
don’t give enough detail about these elements individually.
There are several other frameworks of MVC which can be
used for the development of web-based application.We
have not provided a proper codes which are used in
ASP.NET MVC and not provided a detailed and complete
steps to create web-based application in ASP.NET MVC.
11. CONCLUSION
The scalable, transparent and portable web-based
application can be created with the help of MVC
architecture. MVC architecture help us to know the
concept of parallel development as it divides the logic of
application into three layers, so each different developer
can work simultaneously on these three layers of the same
web-based application. The cost of setting up the MVC
architecture are usually high. The processing time for
small MVC project vs non-MVC projects are normally same
but, large project build in MVC architecture will be
processed faster than non-MVC project.
12. REFERENCES
[1] Gupta P, Govil MC (2010) MVC Design pattern for the
multi framework distributed applications using XML,
spring and struts framework.
[2] Pro ASP.Net MVC 5 book by adam freeman.
[3] www.interserver.net.
[4] www.tutorialspoint.com.
[5] www.tutorialteacher.com.

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