Java day2016 "Reinventing design patterns with java 8"
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The document discusses the evolution and application of design patterns in Java 8, presented by Alexander Pashynskiy at Java Day 2016. It emphasizes a shift from object-oriented to function-centric design, highlighting concepts like functional programming, composition, and the use of monads. The author advocates for using design patterns as communication tools rather than strict implementation guidelines, promoting simplicity in software design.
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Monad
Represents (2 and more) states as a unified
value in order to compose transformations
[User | Error] -> validate1 -> [User | Error] -> validate2 -> [User | Error ] -> get
User Error
User
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- 1. www.luxoft.com REINVENTING DESIGN PATTERNS WITH JAVA8 Alexander Pashynskiy Java Day 2016
- 2. www.luxoft.com About me: • Lead Software Engineer in Luxoft • More then 6 years experience in Java • Agile and Lean practicioner • Pragmatic and product oriented engineer • Still learning and learn Email: [email protected] Twitter: @apashinskiy_cv Alexander Pashinskiy
- 3. www.luxoft.com It’s my own experience… Disclaimer
- 9. www.luxoft.com Not only Many, many more ...
- 10. www.luxoft.com • OOP (Resource acquisition is initialization, Servant, DI, Pool Objects, Null object …) • FP (Functions, Monads, Lenz, Curring, …) • Concurrency (Double-checked locking, Read-write lock, Thread-specific storage, …) • Domain Specific (security, money, …) • and many, many more
- 11. www.luxoft.com • Problem - Solution pairs • Similar (or same) solution - different intention (Strategy, State …) • inheritance - composition game (OOP) • Adding level of indirection • Almost always trade-off Design Patterns:
- 12. www.luxoft.com • 1994 year • For C++ • OOP Two main principles: • "Program to an interface, not an implementation." • "Favor object composition over class inheritance." Sad:( Some GoF patterns do not stick to this principles
- 14. www.luxoft.com Lambda -> lightwaight design tool
- 16. www.luxoft.com Template method Type: behavioral Definition: Define the skeleton of an algorithm in an operation, deferring some steps to subclasses. Template Method lets subclasses redefine certain steps of an algorithm without changing the algorithm's structure.
- 17. www.luxoft.com • Not only for data • BLSP • Violates “Single Responsibility” and encapsulation • High Coupling • Future behavior and frameworks inhereted • Broken “protected” in Java • Big hierarchy produces hell Inheritance
- 18. www.luxoft.com Template method • Inheritance is evil • Use composition • Part of an algorithm can be passed as a function • Utilize basic functional interfaces • Use function composition if possible
- 19. www.luxoft.com Template method inheritance -> composition -> function composition
- 20. www.luxoft.com Template method g.filterMailBox(f) * Not strongly mathematical composition (contains ‘if’ logic)
- 23. www.luxoft.com Decorator Type: structural Definition: Attach additional responsibilities to an object dynamically. Decorators provide a flexible alternative to subclassing for extending functionality.
- 24. www.luxoft.com Decorator just a function composition g.andThen(f)
- 27. www.luxoft.com Chain of Responsibility Type: behavioral Definition: Avoid coupling the sender of a request to its receiver by giving more than one object a chance to handle the request. Chain the receiving objects and pass the request along the chain until an object handles it.
- 28. www.luxoft.com Chain of Responsibility chain of function composition andThen andThen andThen andThen andThen
- 31. www.luxoft.com Adapter Type: structural Definition: Convert the interface of a class into another interface clients expect. Adapter lets classes work together that couldn't otherwise because of incompatible interfaces.
- 32. www.luxoft.com Adapter • Utilise basic functional interfaces • Functional interfaces are interchangable • For different numbers of parameters - partially applied function
- 33. www.luxoft.com Partially applied function IntBinaryOperator add = (x, y) -> x + y ; IntUnaryOperator add5 = x -> add.applyAsInt(x, 5); Partial application - process of transforming a function into a function with less parameters.
- 34. www.luxoft.com Partially applied function Supported by java - :: operator ToIntFunctiont<String> stringLength = String::length; IntFunction<String> helloSubstring = "hello"::substring;
- 35. www.luxoft.com Partial application • allows to set some (not all) parameters • let the other parameters to be set later • partially applied function can be reused and composed • Powerful decoupling tool
- 38. www.luxoft.com Proxy Type: structural Definition: Provide a surrogate or placeholder for another object to control access to it.
- 39. www.luxoft.com Proxy • Resource managing • Transactions • Logging • and more ...
- 40. www.luxoft.com Libs to create Proxy • java.lang.reflect.Proxy • Byte Buddy • cglib • javassist
- 41. www.luxoft.com Proxy • function composition • wrap a lambda • inverse of control – resource leasing
- 45. www.luxoft.com Strategy Type: behavioral Definition: Define a family of algorithms, encapsulate each one, and make them interchangeable. Strategy lets the algorithm vary independently from clients that use it.
- 46. www.luxoft.com Strategy library of classes -> library of functions
- 49. www.luxoft.com Iterator Type: behavioral Definition: Provide a way to access the elements of an aggregate objects equentially without exposing its underlying representation.
- 50. www.luxoft.com Iterator external iterator -> internal iterator
- 51. www.luxoft.com Iterator • collections have internal foreach() • streams everywhere • if not - implement Spliterator
- 54. www.luxoft.com Builder Type: creational Definition: Separate the construction of a complex object from its representation so that the same construction process can create different representations.
- 55. www.luxoft.com Builder • classic runtime builder • classic reusable builder (a lot of boiler-plate) • or just use a consumer if applicable - no boiler-plate - reusable (function composition) - chaining DSL - consumer has internal control on objet
- 56. www.luxoft.com Builder say me how -> I will build as you want
- 58. www.luxoft.com Function composition f: a -> b g: b -> c h: c -> d f g h => andThan()° °
- 59. www.luxoft.com Function composition f: a -> b g: b -> c h: c -> d f g h => andThan()° ° f: a -> Mb g: b -> Mc h: c -> Md Mb – container for b
- 60. www.luxoft.com Function composition f: a -> b g: b -> c h: c -> d f g h => andThan()° ° f: a -> Mb g: b -> Mc h: c -> Md f g h => flatMap()° °
- 62. www.luxoft.com Monad Represents (2 and more) states as a unified value in order to compose transformations [User | Error] -> validate1 -> [User | Error] -> validate2 -> [User | Error ] -> get User Error User of
- 63. www.luxoft.com Monad • Puts a value in a computational context
- 64. www.luxoft.com Monad • Puts a value in a computational context • Function composition on steroids
- 65. www.luxoft.com Monad • Puts a value in a computational context • Function composition on steroids • Programmable semicolon
- 66. www.luxoft.com Monad • Puts a value in a computational context • Function composition on steroids • Programmable semicolon • Chainable container
- 67. www.luxoft.com Monad f: a -> Ma g: a -> Ma h: a -> Ma f g h => flatMap° ° Function composition: f: a -> Mb g: b -> Mc h: c -> Md
- 68. www.luxoft.com Monad interface Monad<A> { Monad<A> unit(A a); Monad<B> flatMap(Function<A, Monad<B>> f); }
- 69. www.luxoft.com Monad interface Monad<A> { Monad<A> unit(A a); Monad<B> flatMap(Function<A, Monad<B>> f); default Monad<B> map(Function<A, B> f) { return flatMap(v -> unit(f.apply(v))); } }
- 70. www.luxoft.com Monad interface Monad<A> { Monad<A> unit(A a); Monad<B> flatMap(Function<A, Monad<B>> f); default Monad<B> map(Function<A, B> f) { return flatMap(v -> unit(f.apply(v))); } } Monad composition Function application
- 71. www.luxoft.com Monad • Hide complexity • Encapsulate implementation details • Allow composability • Increase redability • Reduce code duplication
- 72. www.luxoft.com Already in Java 8 • Optional • Stream • CompleatableFuture
- 75. www.luxoft.com Visitor Type: behavioral Definition: Represent an operation to be performed on the elements of an object structure. Visitor lets you define a new operation without changing the classes of the elements on which it operates.
- 76. www.luxoft.com Visitor • Rarely used pattern • Can be replaced by pattern matching • Reuse general implementation
- 77. www.luxoft.com Visitor interface Visitor<T> { T visit(Square element); T visit(Circle element); T visit(Rectangle element); } def visit(e: Element): T = e match { case Square => do1(); case Circle => do2(); case Rectangle => do3(); }
- 79. www.luxoft.com Paradigm shift: • object centric -> function centric • function composition reduce complexity • data to code -> code to data • external -> internal (mechanic incapsulation)
- 80. www.luxoft.com • functions • higher order function • function composition • partially applied functions • monads • pattern matching • … New Designers Toolbox
- 81. www.luxoft.com Design Patterns communication tool rather then implementation guide
- 82. www.luxoft.com “In the book we only tell when to apply pattern, but we never talk about when to remove a pattern. Removing a pattern can simplify a system and a simple solution should almost always win. Coming up with a simple solutions is the real challenge.” E.Gamma
- 83. www.luxoft.com • no silver bullet • OOP is alive • GoF “Design Patterns” is still valid • you just have additional design tools • almost always trade-off • use your mind And remember: