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Java is an Object-Oriented Language
- 1. Java is an Object-Oriented Language In structured programming languages, methods define the structure of the programs, they are basic building blocks Data has secondary role, it is just something that is passed around. In object oriented languages, the data has the principal role Methods belong to the data, without the data, the method does not have any meaning (Except static methods) Data and methods together make up the object. OOP tries to model the real world. What does the real world look like?
- 2. Objects everywhere... Real world entities
- 3. World The world is a set of things interacting with each other. OOP is more natural to humans, but less natural to computers Computers (usually) have a single thread of control, so objects take turns
- 4. Describing the world Describe a particular person Ayse has long blond hair, green eyes, is 1.63m tall, weighs 56Kg and studies computer engineering. Now lying down asleep. Mehmet studies electronics, has short black hair and brown eyes. He is 180cm and 75 kilos. Now running to class! Notice how all have specific values of name, height, weight, eye colour, state, …
- 5. Objects have identity... Our house The neighbour’s cat Hasan’s computer Merhababen Ayse My book Dombo the elephant
- 6. Objects have state... Red Lying Happy Hooked ill Broken
- 7. Objects have behavior…. Grrrrrrrr Vroemm Hello, I am John Nice to meet you da da …
- 8. Object Properties Identity State Behavior myLamp on off Object is an abstraction of a real world entity
- 9. Introduction to Objects An object represents something with which we can interact in a program An object provides a collection of services that we can tell it to perform for us The services are defined by methods in a class that defines the object A class represents a concept, and an object represents the embodiment of a class A class can be used to create multiple objects
- 10. Objects and Classes Bank Account A class (the concept) John’s Bank Account Balance: $5,257 An object (the realization) Bill’s Bank Account Balance: $1,245,069 Mary’s Bank Account Balance: $16,833 Multiple objects from the same class
- 11. Java OOP terminology Class - Category Properties/states Functionality/Services (examines/alters state) data methods object - Individual/unique thing (an instance of a class) Particular value for each property/state & functionality of all members of class.
- 12. Java OOP Software Software System Set of objects Which interact with each other One object will send a message to another object asking it to do a particular task. The first object does not need to know how the task is done (only how to request that it be done.) This corresponds to calling one of the second object’s methods! Created (instantiated) from class definitions Person “ David” David: Say your name Ayse David
- 13. Abstraction An abstraction hides (or ignores) unnecessary details denotes the essential properties of an object One of the fundamental ways in which we handle complexity Objects are abstractions of real world entities Programming goal: choose the right abstractions Abstraction A car consists of four wheels an engine, accumulator and brakes.
- 14. Multiple Abstractions A single thing can have multiple abstractions Example: a protein is… a sequence of amino acids a complicated 3D shape (a fold) a surface with “pockets” for ligands
- 15. Choosing Abstractions Abstractions can be about tangible things (a vehicle, a car, a map) or intangible things (a meeting, a route, a schedule) An example: Abstraction name: light Light’s wattage (i.e.,energy usage) Light can be on or off There are other possible properties (shape, color, socket size, etc.), but we have decided those are less essential The essential properties are determined by the problem
- 16. Object-Oriented Model methods data Object boundary
- 17. Example: Pencil location direction penDown home up down write
- 18. Encapsulation the data belonging to an object is hidden, so variables are private methods are public we use the public methods to change or access the private data No dependence on implementation location direction penDown home up down write public private
- 19. Programming Implications Encapsulation makes programming easier As long as the contract is the same, the client doesn’t care about the implementation In Java, as long as the method signatures are the same, the implementation details can be changed In other words, I can write my program using simple implementations; then, if necessary, I can replace some of the simple implementations with efficient implementations
- 20. Car Objects
- 21. Defining class Car What are the common attributes of cars? What are the common behaviors of cars?
- 22. Class Car Car color speed power drive turn right turn left stop attributes operations class name
- 23. in Java Car String color int speed int power drive() turnRight() turnLeft() stop() attributes or instance variables methods class name
- 24. Java Syntax public class Car { // attribute declarations private String color; private int speed; private int power; // method declarations public void drive() { // …. } public void turnRight() { // …. } public void turnLeft() { // …. } public void stop() { // …. } } Car String color int speed int power drive() turnRight() turnLeft() stop()
- 25. Class Pencil Pencil int location String direction home() up() down() write() attributes methods Name
- 26. Declaring objects A class can be used to create objects Objects are the instances of that class Car String color int speed int power drive() turnRight() turnLeft() stop() new
- 27. Java's "Building Blocks" Data types primitive constructs (e.g., integers, floating point numbers, characters) Class A description of a set of objects used to create objects
- 28. Primitive Data There are exactly eight primitive data types in Java Four of them represent integers: byte , short , int , long Two of them represent floating point numbers: float , double One of them represents characters: char And one of them represents boolean values: boolean
- 29. Declaring object variables A class name can be used as a type to declare an object reference variable Person ayse; An object reference variable holds the address of an object
- 30. Declaring Objects Class Person ayse; Person String name String birthDate int age getName() getAge … . ayse is of Class
- 31. Creating Objects We use the new operator to create an object ayse = new Person(); Creating an object is called instantiation An object is an instance of a particular class We can combine declaration and creation: ayse Class Object instance of refers to Person ayse = new Person(); is of Class Person String name String birthDate int age getName() getAge … .
- 32. Declaring and Creating Objects Class karanfil = new Flower(); Flower karanfil; Flower int age int length int weight getAge() getLength() … . Object instance of refers to karanfil is of Class
- 33. Basic approach Define class Declare objects Create objects Use objects
- 34. Using objects The way you work with objects is to send them messages Most statements using objects have the following structure object.method for example: thisPerson.setAge(24); This means the object whose name is thisPerson is sent the message setAge() along with the "value" 24 The effect of this is to set the person's age to be 24 years old
- 35. Example ayse Class Object instance of refers to is of Class ayse = new Person(); Person ayse; ayse.setName( “Ayse Engin“) ; ayse.setAge(24); Person String name String birthDate int age setName(String name) setAge(int age) getName() … . Ayse Engin 24